职业健康安全管理体系常见理解误区及应对方法

由于受传统安全管理思想的影响，许多企业在理解和运用职业健康安全管理方法时，常常存在着一些理解误区，影响体系运行的绩效。本文在分析、总结这些误区的基础上，提出了理解职业安全健康管理体系的正确思路和方法，以使职业安全健康管理体系能更好地为企业的安全生产服务。     

安全评价及进展（上）

安全评价在欧美各国被称为“风险评估”或“风险评价”(risk assessment)。在日本,为了顺应人们的心理,改称为“安全评价”。或许是受日本的影响,我国也多称之为“安全评价”。安全评价是以保障安全为目的,按照科学的程序和方法,从系统的角度出发对工程项目或工业生产中潜在的危险进行预先识别、分析和评估,为制定基础防灾措施和管理决策提供依据。     

安全驾驶汽车经验谈（公路弯道会车）

上篇介绍汽车在弯道行驶存在的风险因素,本篇主要介绍行车安全通过弯道应注意的事项。 一、要根据自己所驾的车型和要通过弯道的半径掌握好过弯车速。开大型车比开小型车过弯速度要更慢些,即或是驾驶小型汽车,也会有开吉普车与小轿车之分,因为小轿车与吉普车的瞬时摇摆中心不一样,吉普车前桥多是刚性桥结构,如北京吉普车前桥是工字桥,即便是高档吉普车也大多有前桥驱动,也是刚性桥结构。其车厢摇摆中心在弹簧吊耳平行中心处,车厢摇摆中心线在同一平面上。     

安全驾驶汽车经验谈（公路弯道会车）

道路弯道是指道路中心线呈曲线状态的路段,弯道是以,曲线半径的大小来度量的,急弯是指道路中心线曲线半径小于50米的路段。通过弯道风险多,许多事故就发生在弯道上,在谈弯道会车前,本篇先介绍汽车在弯道行驶中存在的风险因素,以便大家更好地掌握弯道安全会车的要领。     

安全评价过程常见问题分析（下篇）解决问题的对策

按《安全评价导则》的要求，从评价的前期准备、危险有害因素识别、评价单元划分，到通过分析评价，提出对策措施和做出评价结论，评价过程的各个阶段都可能存在问题，有些问题各自独立，有些还会相互关联。从提高评价报告的质量的角度看，工作基础是对工程项目情况，包括与国家法律和政府法令符合性的掌握。而从安全评价过程角度分析，最常见的问题归纳起来还是针对性问题、整体性问题、覆盖性问题、客观和准确性问题等。不管是哪类安全评价，其中最大的问题还是针对性问题，这个问题几乎渗透到评价报告的每一个环节．因为安全评价报告也存在质量不断提高的要求，更需要认识上的不断总结，相关科学技术的不断改进，以及理论水平的不断提高。     

对本质安全的理解及实践应用

本质安全作为现代安全管理的重要理论,正确理解其内在意义,能够指导企业更好地开展风险管理,推行本质安全的理论及相关实践。安全管理是一个由人、机、环、管构成的庞大系统,各要素之间相互关联、相互影响、相互作用,将本质安全的理念融入到各个要素,使各个要素更加紧密、有机地连结在一起,从而有效地降低事故发生的后果和可能性。     

县（市）安全生产存在的问题及对策

近年来，县级安监机构认真贯彻落实国家、省、市安全生产工作会议精神，以贯彻实施《安全生产法》为抓手，切实加强安全生产组织领导，层层落实安全生产责任，认真开展安全生产检查，狠抓事故隐患整改，重点对危险化学品、道路和水上交通、公众聚集场所、农村建筑市场等方面进行了专项整治，就泰兴市而言，     

运用解释结构建模法分析影响企业安全的因素

运用解释结构建模方法对影响企业的安全因素进行分析,并确定了因素的级别和相互影响关系。     

痔殊的安全例会（寓言）

忙碌了一上午,趁午休空闲时间,某单位检修安防器具班的班长——安全台账组织各安全用品在工机具室召开一次简短的安全例会。安全台账瞅瞅成员都到齐后,就亮开了嗓子：“大家都知道,今年上级领导一再强调反习惯性违章的重要性,近期又发动我们开展隐患排查治理工作。今天就请各位结合自身实际,检查、反省我们的违章过失及隐患所在。”     

论安全防范系统工程的安全可靠性问题（二）

上期谈了,根据防护等级的要求和建筑物及环境的实际情况,按着分层次设计的原则、灵活多变地进行设计、安装和选择现场的实体防护、安全器材及各类防盗探测器组合使用,是确保安防系统工程的安全可靠性的基础。下面就系统的传输、分系统的设置及中心控制系统等方面谈谈安防系统工程的安全可靠性。 报警信号传输中的安全可靠性 目前国内报警信号传输方式:有电话线;有线(专线);总线;电源线;无线;光纤等。但城市、城区的联网大部分采用     

构建与完善民航持续安全保障体系

根据系统管理原理并在深入研究典型管理体系的基础上,提出要实现我国民航的持续安全,就要构建并不断完善保障持续安全的管理体系,即持续安全保障体系。对该体系的构成要素和运行机制进行了科学的设计,论述了各要素的内涵,对部分要素进行了创新性的诠释。建立了以信息为驱动力的体系的运行机制,并对进一步完善体系提出了建议。该体系的构建与完善将使民航的安全管理逐步实现自我监督和自我完善。     

安全氛围要素构成与重要性排序

关键要素构成及关联排序是安全氛围研究的基础性内容.通过文献回顾和事故案例分析,提取出由安全思想与理念、领导重视、危险源识别与风险分析控制、管理方式、员工参与、安全机构及方法、安全培训、标准化和其他共9维度构成的安全氛围架构,建立了72个指标要素和要素层级模型.运用层次分析法计算出各要素的权重,实现了要素的重要性排序,指标要素总的排序结果基本反映出企业现状.研究表明, 企业领导层应保持重视安全的持续性和一致性,工作中宜改变以管理和处罚等负面刺激为主的传统模式,设法激励员工主动参与.在具体实践中,宜重点加强关于个体行为改善、安全教育培训、管理科学、交流与沟通等方面工作.     

煤矿企业对安全创造效益认知水平的测量结果与分析

为探讨煤矿企业对安全创造效益认知水平的现状,为企业的安全投入提供方向和思路参考,通过测量国内7个煤炭集团的34个样本煤矿的安全文化水平量值,利用SPSS软件对测量数据进行分析。结果表明,样本煤矿企业在"安全创造经济效益"方面的总体量值水平约占世界较好企业的94%,相差5.6分;四类人员总体平均值都低于世界较好企业,分别相差4.176分、3.521分、7.265分和5.859分;"安全创造经济效益"与"伤亡事故可预防程度"和"安全部门的工作"非常显著相关;安全业绩和安全文化元素得分方面呈现一定的正相关关系。     

Designing of integrated quality and safety management system (IQSMS) for shipping operations

This paper proposes a systematic approach for exploring the compliance level of the international safety management (ISM) code with the ISO 9001:2000 in order to structure an integrated quality and safety management system (IQSMS) for shipping operations. Multi-attribute fuzzy axiomatic design (MA-FAD) is determined as a suitable research methodology for the focused problem. To illustrate the proposed approach, a casualty onboard oil tanker ship is analysed; moreover, the potential advantages of the IQSMS in operational level are underlined. The outcomes of this research originally ensure decision aid for the relevant executives in ship management companies who eagerly insist to implement quality integrated ISM code.     

Human factors and safety in the design of intelligent vehicle-highway systems (IVHS)

Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems (IVHS) have been proposed in the wake of rapid worldwide growth in traffic volume and density. These systems involve the application of advanced sensor, communications, computational, and control technologies to the design of highways and vehicles to improve traffic flow and safety. Similar technologies have been applied in other transportation systems such as aviation and air-traffic control, and it is suggested that the human factors insights derived from these systems can be usefully applied, proactively rather than retroactively, in IVHS design. Several safety and human factors issues relevant to the design of IVHS technologies, both near-term and long-term, are discussed, including: (a) the optimization of driver mental workload in highly-automated “hybrid” systems; (b) the design of in-vehicle navigation aids and the resolution of display conflicts; (c) individual and group differences in driver behavior and their implications for training and licensure; (d) the evolution and integration of IVHS technologies; and (e) traffic management and the regulation of driver trust in IVHS. Successful resolution of these issues and their incorporation in IVHS design will provide for fully functional systems that will serve the twin needs of reducing traffic congestion and improving highway safety.     

Complaints regarding occupational health and safety in the area of Thessaloniki (Greece)

This paper deals with the complaints regarding occupational health and safety in the area of Thessaloniki (Greece). It seeks to examine who are the complainers and which companies or activities do they complain about, to what extent are complaints relevant to occupational health and safety and whether the complaints result to penalties. Such complaints do not pertain to all economic sectors equally, nor do they derive from all kinds of sources. Furthermore, it appears that complaints “irrelevant” to occupational health and safety are twice as many as the “relevant” ones. In three quarters of the cases, the complaints do not result to any kind of sanction; more specifically, in one fifth of the cases, the complaints are not followed by any action taken by the office in charge. All things considered, it seems that filing complaints does not imply finding the most dangerous workplaces. Therefore, investigation of complaints should not be considered more significant than other inspection activities.     

Impact of Adaptive Front-lighting Systems (AFS) on road safety: Evidences and open points

Almost four years after the entry into force of Regulation ECE 123 on Adaptive Front-lighting Systems (AFS) for motor vehicles, and once the first cars bearing them start to circulate, a comparison between the original idea of AFS and their potential impact in safety and accident prevention is possible. In this work, we present the basic concepts of this new way to light roads and analyse some unforeseen consequences that might arise within the ECE regulatory framework once the presence of AFS becomes massive. This paper also pretends to be an useful guide for some countries like China, still considering the best way to definitively regulate these complex systems whose impact on road safety is expected to be huge.     

Complaint reports for violations of health and safety legislation in the area of Thessaloniki (Greece)

Prosecution is one of the frequently employed instruments for the enforcement of health and safety legislation. In Greece, the penal procedure for such issues usually starts on initiative of a labour inspector who sends a complaint report to the public prosecutor. Should the complaint report be the result of a serious accident, there is an increased probability for the judgement of the court to remain unknown to the labour inspector, as well as the predicted penalty in the first instance court to be reduced. However, the appointment of a counsel by the victim of the accident could reverse such an effect, thus reducing the probability of the court’s judgement remaining unknown and raising the predicted penalty.     

The natural selection of organizational and safety culture within a small to medium sized enterprise (SME)

INTRODUCTION: Small to Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) form the majority of Australian businesses. METHOD: This study uses ethnographic research methods to describe the organizational culture of a small furniture-manufacturing business in southern Australia. RESULTS: Results show a range of cultural assumptions variously 'embedded' within the enterprise. In line with memetics - Richard Dawkin's cultural application of Charles Darwin's theory of Evolution by Natural Selection, the author suggests that these assumptions compete to be replicated and retained within the organization. The author suggests that dominant assumptions are naturally selected, and that the selection can be better understood by considering the cultural assumptions in reference to Darwin's original principles and Frederik Barth's anthropological framework of knowledge. The results are discussed with reference to safety systems, negative cultural elements called Cultural Safety Viruses, and how our understanding of this particular organizational culture might be used to build resistance to these viruses.     

饮用水中卤乙腈(HANs)类消毒副产物研究现状与进展

对国内外饮用水中HANs类消毒副产物检测方法、生成的影响因素及毒理学试验的研究进展与现状进行了调查和分析,探讨了其存在于饮用水中可能导致的人体健康危害。结果表明,饮用水中HANs类消毒副产物普遍存在,而且HANs消毒副产物比常规消毒副产物(三卤甲烷、卤乙酸等)具有更强的三致效应、生殖发育毒性、基因和细胞毒性,通过饮水摄入人体,对健康造成潜在危害。HANs的检测、人体健康风险评价和控制是今后的研究重点。