影响锅炉烟尘测试结果的因素浅析

从采样准备、工况控制、测点位置、采样过程等方面着手,结合实践经验,对影响锅炉烟尘测试结果的因素作了探讨,提出了应注意的事项。     

空气自动站气路系统常见的故障及排除方法

以API空气自动监测站为例,介绍了该仪器在使用以及保养过程中,气路系统中常见的故障,分析了故障产生的原因,并提出排除的方法。     

生态环境监测中高锰酸盐指数测定影响因素分析研究

文中从水浴时间、计时开始方式和溶液酸度3个方面,对环保部标准样品研究所低、中、高3个已知浓度标准样品进行实验分析。结果表明,在加入5 mL 1+3硫酸,从每锅第一个样品放入水浴锅开始计时和最佳水浴时间为29 min条件下,所测定的高锰酸盐指数值具有较高的准确度和精密度。     

影响恶臭监测结果的因素及其对策

使用三点比较式臭袋法进行恶臭监测，对经常影响监测结果的几个因素加以分析，并提出相应的对策。     

影响分析空白值的因素及控制措施

化学实验中,经常会出现空白值异常的情况。文中从可能对空白值产生影响的各个因素逐一进行分析,并在此基础上提出了控制空白值的手段和措施。     

测定总氮时影响空白吸光值的因素

针对测定水质中总氮时遇到实验空白值偏高的情况,分析了实验用水、试验及环境因素对空白值的影响。     

水环境监测实验室的质量控制和质量保证

质量控制和质量保证是水环境监测工作的重要组成部分,质量体系是实验室内部实施质量管理的法规,覆盖了监测样品、监测过程、仪器设备、人员素质、设施与环境、量值溯源与校准、检验方法和化学试剂等全部质量控制要求。能够准确地反应水环境质量现状和预测污染的发展趋势。     

微塑料降解的主要技术及影响因素

微塑料(MPs)体积小、比表面积大及迁移能力强,是一种持久性的污染物,可能对生态环境及人类健康造成较大影响。降解是消除MPs污染的有效途径。总结了MPs的生物降解及光催化氧化法,阐述了MPs降解的影响因素,并对未来的研究方向提出展望,对MPs的污染防治和去除提供借鉴和启发。     

影响高锰酸盐指数测定的主要因素

影响高锰酸盐指数测定准确性的主要因素有样品酸度、蒸馏水水质、高锰酸钾溶液浓度、水浴加热温度和滴定时间。通过环境标准样品的分析试验，考察这5个因素对高锰酸盐指数的影响程度；     

厌氧活性污泥的颗粒化及其影响因素

本文对颗粒污泥的一些最新研究作了综述。描述了上流式厌氧污泥床反应器中颗粒污泥的形态、组成和结构;介绍了颗粒污泥的形成机理;讨论了污泥颗粒化的影响因素。     

燃煤倒焰窑烟尘污染的治理

燃煤倒焰窑烟尘治理，因其本身结构特点，若单纯采用末端治理，则投资大，治理效果不稳定，在治理上存在一定难度。通过实践，采用炉头增氧，尾部喷淋的治理工艺可以达到好的治理效果，而且投资少，工期短，运行费用低，易于操作。     

Woodstove Smoke and CO Emissions: Comparison of Reference Methods with the VPI Sampler

A new field sampler has been developed for measuring the particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide emissions of woodburning stoves. Particulate matter is determined by carbon balance and the workup of a sample train which is similar to a room-temperature EPA Method 5G train. A steel tank, initially evacuated, serves as the motive force for sampling and also accumulates a gas sample for post-test analysis of time-averaged stack CO and CO₂ concentrations. Workup procedures can be completed, within 72 hours of sampler retrieval. The system has been compared to reference methods in two laboratory test series involving six different woodburning appliances and two independent laboratories. The correlation of field sampler emission rates and reference method rates is strong.     

Evaluation of Watering to Control Dust in High Winds

ABSTRACT

A field study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of watering in controlling PM₁₀ emissions under high wind conditions. The focus of the study was the pickup of soil by a belly scraper at a landfill. Four low-volume PM₁₀ samplers were positioned downwind of the storage pile (at two distances, 80 and 110 m, and two elevations, 1 and 3 m) and one was located upwind at 3 m elevation. Integrating nephelometers, which measure the particu-late light scattering coefficient, b_sp, were also set up at locations 80 and 110 m downwind of the storage pile. Wind speed and direction were measured on-site. Samples were collected for two periods, one with and one without water being applied. Watering was effective at reducing PM₁₀ emissions at wind speeds up to the maximum 18 m sec^-1 observed at the landfill soil pickup operation. Measurement of b_sp provided an indication of PM₁₀ concentrations with better time resolution than samplers, but not with sufficient resolution, under the instrumental conditions used, to correlate with wind gusts.     

水环境监测的质量控制与保证措施

介绍了质量控制和质量保证体系，详细论述了质量监控方法及其注意事项，为样品监测的精确性提供了保障。     

Fiber Glass Fabric Filters for High Temperature Dust and Fume Control

Foliar markings on vegetation have proven a highly sensitive criterion for the presence of many air pollutants; proper evaluation of such effects can serve as a valuable and inexpensive tool for delineating an air pollution condition. Injury symptoms from fluoridt, sulfur dioxide, photochemical oxidants and other pollutants have been described and can be recognized by experienced observers. Field studies provide a valuable technique for appraising an air pollution problem when diagnosis is not confused by other factors. Careful inspection can avert difficulties arising in diagnosis where similar symptoms are produced by agents other than air pollutants. Several factors must be considered in appraising injury. These include a knowledge of the relative sensitivity of plant species to various pollutants, the syndrome of injury on a number of plants and species, and distribution and geographic relation of affected plants to the suspected source. Background information on cultural, environmental, disease and insect conditions which might be responsible for, or modify, foliar markings or chronic effects in question must also be understood. For some pollutants a chemical analysis of foliage and air may prove helpful. When these factors are studied, the presence, distribution and magnitude of an air pollution situation can be evaluated, thus providing a sensitive criterion of air quality.     

蓝藻污染的危害及防治

就无锡太湖发生的蓝藻事件,介绍了蓝藻的起源、特性和水华的形成,分析了蓝藻污染对人民健康的危害,综述了对蓝藻防治的部分科研成果及资源化利用的措施。     

SO2的生物监测与防治

SO2是我国大气的主要污染物之一，一般大气中的SO2多采用化学法监测，而生物对SO2的监测具有独到的作用，文中就SO2对人类的危害和生物监测及防治进行了初探。     

Characterization of Airborne Dust from Two Nonferrous Foundries by Physico-chemical Methods and Multivariate Statistical Analyses

Abstract

Airborne particulate matter was sampled at a copper smelter and at an aluminum casting plant. Size, shape, quantity, and microlocalization of chemical species in the particulates were measured using closed cassettes, cascade impactors, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared and atomic absorption spectrophotometries, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and photoelectron spectroscopy. Cluster and principal components analyses were used in interpreting results. Aerosol chemistry varies as a function of size, and composition becomes more complex as the aerosol size drops into the respirable fraction and lower. Surface chemical properties are evidenced where, generally, volatile species are enriched. A few site-specific elements and characteristics were identified. The formation of particulates may often be related to process and practices, yet the actual distribution of species in the air remains an intricate matter.