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1.
X. Fu J. Tabata T. Takanashi S. Ohno S. Tatsuki Y. Ishikawa Y. Huang H. Honda 《Chemoecology》2004,14(3-4):175-180
Summary. The sex pheromone of Ostrinia orientalis
(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) was analyzed by gas chromatography–electroantennographic detection (GC–EAD), GC–mass spectrometry and a series of bioassays. Three EAD-active
compounds were detected in the female sex pheromone
gland extract, and identified as tetradecyl acetate (14:OAc),
(Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc) and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:OAc). The titers (ratio) of 14:OAc, Z11-14:OAc and
E11-14:OAc in 3-day-old virgin
females were 0.49 ng (10), 4.86 ng (98) and 0.10 ng (2),
respectively. In a wind-tunnel bioassay, the 98:2 blend of
Z11- and E11-14:OAc, but not Z11-14:OAc alone, elicited
the same male behavioral responses as virgin females and
crude gland extracts. 14:OAc was inactive by itself, and did
not show any synergistic effect on the binary blend.
Field trapping experiments also confirmed the attractiveness
of the binary blend to O. orientalis
males. Based on
these results, we concluded that the sex pheromone of
O. orientalis
is a 98:2 mixture of Z11-14:OAc and
E11-14:OAc. This sex pheromone is very similar to that of the Z-type European corn borer,
O. nubilalis. The present
finding raises the question of whether O. orientalis
, which is indistinguishable from O. nubilalis
based on external morphology,
is a biologically distinct species independent from
O. nubilalis. 相似文献
2.
Summary. Three components that elicited antennal response from male Choristoneura conflictana were found from female gland extracts analyzed using a coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detector system.
The main component in gland extracts was (Z)-11-tetradecenal (Z11-14:Ald). Two minor components also elicited antennal response: (E)11-tetradecenal (E11-14:Ald) and (Z)-11- tetradecen-1-ol (Z11-14:OH). Analysis of effluvia indicated that calling virgin females release mostly Z11-14:Ald and trace amounts of Z11-14:OH. Field and wind tunnel behavioral studies showed that Z11-14:Ald alone attracted male moths in a dose response pattern. Tests comparing male response to blends of components detected
in gland extracts showed that addition of 1.8% of E11-14:Ald to Z11-14:Ald did not influence male moths in the wind tunnel, but resulted in significantly lower trap captures in the field.
The threecomponent blend [Z11-14:Ald (100), E11-14:Ald (1.8), Z11-14:OH (11)], was less attractive than Z11-14:Ald alone in both field and wind tunnel studies. Traps baited with two virgin female moths were equally attractive to
males as traps baited with the three-component synthetic blend but less attractive than traps baited with Z11-14:Ald alone. Field tests of various blends of the two components (Z11-14:Ald, Z11-14:OH) detected in the females’ effluvia showed that the addition of 1–10% Z11-14:OH to Z11-14:Ald did not affect the males’ response to Z11-14:Ald. Our data demonstrate that female C. conflictana release sex pheromone components in a different ratio than they are stored in the pheromone gland. The sex pheromone is comprised
of a single component, Z11-14:Ald, that can be used to monitor mated and virgin male C. conflictana throughout their flight period. 相似文献
3.
Summary. In a local population of Ostrinia zaguliaevi Mutuura & Munroe (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), extensive variation was found in the blend ratio of three sex pheromone components,
(Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:OAc, 10.2-63.8%), (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc, 32.2-86.8%), and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:OAc, 2.1-11.9%). The variation was observed over a three-year period (2002-2004). Mother-daughter
regression analyses have shown that although the heritability of the minor component E11-14:OAc was not significant, the heritability
of the proportions of Z9-14:OAc and Z11-14:OAc were substantial (0.5–0.6). In artificial selection experiments, the mean % Z9-14:OAc in the sex pheromone changed significantly within three generations (37% in the control line, 48 and 52% for two
lines selected for increase, and 23 and 30% for two lines selected for decrease). Despite these changes, the amounts of fatty
acyl pheromone precursors, (Z)-9-, (Z)-11- and (E)-11-tetradecenoate, in the pheromone gland were not significantly affected by the selection. Taken together, variation in
the pheromone blend of O. zaguliaevi is likely to be attributable to a few genes involved in the reduction or acetylation of fatty acyl pheromone precursors,
the last two steps in pheromone biosynthesis. 相似文献
4.
Summary. Females of both species start their pheromone-releasing activity on the second day after emergence at the beginning of the
photophase. During the present work, a peak of calling activity with close to 100% of active Ph. nigrescentella females was registered 1.5 hour after the light had been put on. The high pheromone release behaviour with 50% active females
lasted for 3 hours. The calling activity of the group of females was about 6 h/day. The beginning of a photophase under laboratory
conditions or an early morning in nature is a common period for sex pheromone release in the genus Phyllonorycter. (8Z,10E)-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate (8Z,10E-14:Ac), (8Z,10E)-tetradecadien-1-ol (8Z,10E-14:OH) and (8E,10Z)-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate (8E,10Z-14:Ac) in the ratio 96:4:traces as well as 8Z,10E-14:Ac and 8Z,10E-14:OH in the ratio 88:12 collected by Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) were found to be specific for the calling periods
of virgin Phyllonorycter insignitella and Ph. nigrescentella females respectively. Field trapping experiments demonstrated that all three compounds are important for the attraction of
Ph. insignitella males while only 8Z,10E-14:Ac is the essential sex pheromone component for Ph. nigrescentella. The pheromone activity of all three compounds is reported for the first time. Addition of either 8Z,10E-14:OH or 8E,10Z-14:Ac to 8Z,10E-14:Ac did not have a significant effect on the attraction of Ph. nigrescentella males, while the efficiency of the three component blend was 5 times lower as compared to that of 8Z,10E-14:Ac. Our data demonstrate that 8Z,10E-14:OH and 8E,10Z-14:Ac play a dual function, they are minor sex pheromone components of Ph. insignitella essential for attraction of conspecific males and show an allelochemical, antagonistic effect on Ph. nigrescentella males and, thus, ensuring specificity of the mate location signal in two related Phyllonorycter species. 相似文献
5.
M. Subchev T. Toshova C. Koshio S. Franke A. Tröger R. Twele W. Francke J. A. Pickett L. J. Wadhams C. M. Woodcock 《Chemoecology》2009,19(1):47-54
The plum moth, Illiberis rotundata Jordan (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae: Procridinae), is a pest of orchards in Japan and China. Few chemical ecological studies
have been directed towards the Zygaenidae and particularly the Procridinae. To investigate the sex pheromone of this species,
extracts of pheromone glands from adult female I. rotundata were analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography (GC-EAG) and coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(GC-MS). Whilst GC-EAG on male moths showed an active peak, identified as 2-butyl (7Z)-dodecenoate, GC-MS also revealed the presence of the homologue 2-butyl (9Z)-tetradecenoate. Electroantennographic investigations, as well as field tests, strongly suggested the natural compounds to
have the (R)-configuration at the stereogenic centre. Field results demonstrate 0.2 mg of a 1:1-mixture of (2R)-butyl (7Z)-dodecenoate and (2R)-butyl (9Z)-tetradecenoate to be a powerful lure that may be used in pest control measures against I. rotundata. The chemical structures of the new pheromone components show the same features as those of other zygaenid species: unsaturated
fatty acids esterified with a short chain chiral alcohol. This is the first example of a two-component blend constituting
the pheromone of a procridinid species. 相似文献
6.
Regine?Gries Aurélia ?Reckziegel Herman?Bogenschütz Hans-Günter?Kontzog Christian?Schlegel Wittko?Francke Jocelyn?G.?Millar Gerhard?Gries
Summary. Our objective was to identify sex pheromone
components of the oak processionary moth, Thaumetopoea
processionea (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae), whose larvae
defoliate oak, Quercus spp., forests in Eurasia and impact
human health. Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic
detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometric
(MS) analyses of pheromone gland extract of female
T. processionea revealed two consistently EAD-active compounds.
They were identified as (Z,Z)-11,13-hexadecadienyl
acetate (Z11,Z13-16:OAc) and (Z,E)-11,13,15-hexadecatrienyl
acetate (Z11,E13,15-16:OAc) by comparative GC,
GC-MS and GC-EAD analyses of insect-produced compounds
and authentic standards. In replicated field experiments
(2000, 2001) in Nordbaden, Südbaden and Sachsen-Anhalt
(Germany), Z11,Z13-16:OAc and Z11,E13,15-16:OAc in
combination, but not singly, attracted significant numbers of
male moths. It will now be intriguing to investigate whether
Z11,E13,15-16:OAc, or its corresponding alcohol or aldehyde,
serves as a pheromone component also in other species of
the Thaumetopoeidae. 相似文献
7.
Summary. To gain insight into the evolution of the sex pheromone communication system in Ostrinia (Lepidoptera Pyralidae), the sex pheromone of the burdock borer, O. zealis was analyzed by means of gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), GC-mass spectrometry and a series of
bioassays. Four EAD-active compounds were detected in the female sex pheromone gland extract, and these were identified as
tetradecyl acetate (14:OAc), (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9–14:OAc), (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:OAc) and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc). The average amounts (ratio) of the four compounds in single sex pheromone glands were 2.5 ng (13%), 11.6 ng (61%),
4.1 ng (21%) and 0.9 ng (5%), respectively. In a wind-tunnel bioassay, the ternary blend of Z9-, E11- and Z11-14:OAc at a ratio found in the sex pheromone gland elicited the same behavioral responses from the males as did virgin
females. 14:OAc did not show any enhancement or inhibition of the males’ behavioral responses when added to the ternary blend.
The attractiveness of the 3-component lure to O. zealis males was also confirmed by field trapping experiments. Based on these results, we concluded that the sex pheromone of O. zealis is composed of Z9-14:OAc, E11-14:OAc and Z11-14:OAc at a ratio of 70:24:6. The evolutionary changes of the sex pheromones in Ostrinia are also discussed based on the presently available information on the sex pheromones and phylogenetic relationships of Ostrinia spp.
Received 25 September 1998; accepted 2 December 1998. 相似文献
8.
A new type of dispenser for slow-release of sex pheromones and other semiochemicals was developed based on sol–gel polymers
that can be useful for monitoring, mass trapping, and mating disruption in integrated pest management (IPM). Sol–gel matrices
exhibit glass characteristics and allow control of the degree of cross-linking during the polymerization process in order
to provide an optimal release rate for a particular pheromone. The advantages of sol–gel (silica) matrixes include keeping
the added molecules chemically stable and enabling the sol–gel material to be applied in any desired thickness and pheromone
quantity, and thereby readily modify release rates. In addition, sol–gels are primarily silica and water that are common in
the environment and therefore safe for field dispensing. We developed a method for the entrapment of pheromones in sol–gel
matrices that allowed release at an almost constant rate over many days in the field. For example, 2.5 mg (E)-5-decenyl acetate pheromone of peach twig borer, Anarsia lineatella, entrapped in various sol–gel formulations released 14–45 μg/day for up to 28 days. The codling moth (Cydia pomonella) pheromone in sol–gels was used in field tests to capture more codling moth males than unbaited control traps. We describe
how the method may be modified to entrap other types of pheromones by making sol–gels with different pore sizes. 相似文献
9.
Summary. Male locust borers, Megacyllene robiniae
(Förster), responded to females only after contacting them
with their antennae, indicating that mate recognition was
mediated by a contact sex pheromone. GC-MS analyses of
whole-body extracts of males and females determined that the
profiles of compounds in the extracts were qualitatively similar,
but differed considerably in the ratios of compounds
between sexes. Biological activities of reconstructed blends
of the most abundant straight-chain (nC23, nC24, nC25, nC26),
methyl-branched (3me-C23, 3me-C25), and unsaturated
(Z9:C23, Z9:C25, Z9:C27 compounds in extracts from females
were assessed in arena bioassays, assessing four distinct steps
in the mating behavior sequence of males (orientation, arrestment,
body alignment, mounting and attempting to couple the
genitalia). Males were unresponsive to freeze-killed, solventwashed
females treated with blends of straight-chain and
methyl-branched alkanes, but responded strongly to females
treated with the blend of alkenes. Further trials determined
that the complete sequence of mating behaviors, up to and
including coupling the genitalia, was elicited by Z9:C25 alone.
Z9:C25 comprised 16.4 ± 1.3% of the total hydrocarbons in
whole-body hexane extracts of females and was co-dominant
with two other hydrocarbons that were not active. In contrast,
in solid phase microextraction (SPME) wipe samples from
several areas of the cuticle, Z9:C25 appeared as the single
dominant peak, comprising 34.6 – 37.8% of the sampled
hydrocarbons. Our data indicate that Z9:C25 is a contact sex
pheromone of M. robiniae, being the most abundant hydrocarbon
on the surface of the cuticular wax layer of females
where it is readily accessible to the antennae of males. 相似文献
10.
Summary. In a wind tunnel bioassay the effect of three concentrations of natural extracts of (1) Scots pine wood, Pinus sylvestris, and (2) larval frass on the behavioural response of unmated females and males of the old house borer, Hylotrupes bajulus, was tested and compared to the behavioural effects of the male-produced sex pheromone (3R)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone. The influence on the behaviour of both sexes was found to be equally significant for the two higher
concentrated hexane extracts of wood and larval frass. Therefore several synthetic monoterpenes present in the extracts and
ethanol were tested at the two higher concentrations (1:100, 1:1000 vol/vol). Among the higher concentrated monoterpenoid
hydrocarbons [(+)-α-pinene, (+)-β-pinene, (+)-limonene], only α-pinene increased the activity, orientation towards scent source and interest towards conspecifics. The tests with higher
concentrated ethanol and the oxygenated monoterpenes [(-)-verbenone, (-)-trans-pinocarveol, (+)-terpinen-4-ol, (+)-α-terpineol, (-)-myrtenol] revealed that verbenone is the most effective stimulant for the females, followed by trans-pinocarveol, terpinen-4-ol and α-terpineol. For males, terpinen-4-ol was the only mediator significantly inducing attraction and orientation towards the scent
source combined with an interest in conspecifics apparent by fighting or courtship behaviour. Males did not respond to verbenone
which is a main compound of larval frass. Myrtenol and ethanol were ineffective in both sexes. In fact behavioural observations
suggest that the beetles were repelled by the high dose of myrtenol. Using the ten-fold lower dose of the synthetic monoterpenes
(1:1000 vol/vol), all semiochemicals except myrtenol lost activity. Myrtenol, however, induced behavioural responses, like
increased activity and orientation towards scent source, only at the low concentration. Based on the results, primary attraction
of unmated old house borer is probably mediated by monoterpenes of coniferous wood, while secondary attraction to infested
wood would occur in response to volatiles of larval frass.
Received 5 May 1999; accepted 30 September 1999 相似文献
11.
Summary. Antennae of six sympatric bark and ambrosia beetles (Scolytidae), Dendroctonus valens LeConte, Gnathotrichus retusus (LeConte), Hylastes tenuis Eichhoff, Ips mexicanus (Hopkins), Ips plastographus maritimus Lanier, and Pseudohylesinus sericeus (Mannerheim), and two scolytid predators, Enoclerus sphegeus (F.) (Cleridae) and Lascontonus tuberculatus Kraus (Colydiidae), were analyzed by gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) for their responses to
synthetic Ips spp. pheromone components, and host and nonhost volatiles.
The beetles emerged from cut logs of pitch canker-infected Monterey pine trees, Pinus radiata D. Don. There were significant disparities in EAD response patterns to the hemiterpene and monoterpene alcohol pheromone
components that are typically produced by Ips spp. Antennae of I. p. maritimus responded strongly to ( ± )-ipsdienol, ( ± )-ipsenol, amitinol, and lanierone; antennae of I. mexicanus responded strongly to (1S,2S)-(–)-cis-verbenol, with weaker responses to ( ± )-ipsdienol, ( ± )-ipsenol, and amitinol; antennae of H. tenuis responded to (1S, 2R)-(–)-trans-ver-benol, with less pronounced responses to (–)-cis-verbenol and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol; and antennae of D. valens, G. retusus, and P. sericeus generally responded to all Ips spp. pheromone components except 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (D. valens and G. retusus) and E-myrcenol (G. retusus and P. sericeus). Ips mexicanus
responded only to the (–)-enantiomers of ipsenol and ipsdienol, whereas I. p. maritimus responded to (–)-ipsenol, but to both the (+)- and (–)-enantiomers of ipsdienol. The antennae of the two predaceous insects
(E. sphegeus and L. tuberculatus) responded to a range of the Ips spp. pheromone components. Host monoterpenes elicited no antennal responses from E. sphegeus, G. retusus, H. tenuis, and I. mexicanus, but several monoterpenes elicited various levels of responses from D. valens and I. p. maritimus antennae. Interestingly, antennae of female D. valens responded to (–), but not (+)-limonene. α- and β-Pinene elicited weak responses from L. tuberculatus antennae. EAD responses to selected nonhost volatiles were almost identical among the six scolytid species, with trans-conophthorin eliciting the strongest response in most cases, followed by three C6- alcohols and two C8-alcohols. The antennal responses by most of these species to linalool or geranylacetone were very weak; (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, and benzyl alcohol elicited almost no response. The response pattern of P. sericeus to nonhost volatiles differed slightly from the rest of the scolytids: a strong response to linalool, weaker response to
the C8-alcohols. The two predaceous Coleoptera generally had weak, but detectable, responses to nonhost volatiles, except for a
relatively strong response to trans-conophthorin by L. tuberculatus. No notable differences in EAD responses were observed between males and females of the two Ips spp. Our results provide an electrophysiological baseline for future efforts to identify attractive and repellent semiochemicals
(aggregation pheromones, host kairomones, or nonhost interruptants) for this guild of scolytids and their key predators that
are associated with moribund and pitch canker- infected P. radiata. 相似文献
12.
Summary. We investigated the hypothesis that aggregation signals produced by male webbing clothes moths (WCM), Tineola bisselliella (Hum.) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae), and close-range male attractant signals produced by females have a pheromonal basis, at least
in part. Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometric analyses of bioactive methanolic
extracts of male WCM disclosed three candidate pheromone components: hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (16:Ester), (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid methyl ester (Z9—16:Ester), and octadecanoic acid methyl ester (18:Ester). In bioassay experiments in a large Plexiglas™ arena, a blend of
synthetic 16:Ester plus Z9—16:Ester was attractive to male and virgin (but not mated) female WCM; the 18:Ester was inactive.
GC-EAD analyses of pheromone gland extracts from female WCM revealed (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienal (E2Z13—18:Ald) and (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadienol (E2Z13—18:OH) as candidate sex pheromone components. In arena bioassay experiments, 1—5 female equivalents of synthetic E2Z13—18:Ald (0.2 ng) and E2Z13—18:OH (0.1 ng) were more attractive to male WCM than were two virgin female WCM. We anticipate that the combination of
aggregation and sex pheromones, male-produced sonic aggregation signals, and habitat-derived semiochemicals will be highly
effective in attracting male and female WCM to commercial traps.
Received 12 January 2001; accepted 8 June 2001. 相似文献
13.
David Sillam-Dussès Etienne Sémon Céline Moreau Irena Valterová Jan Šobotník Alain Robert Christian Bordereau 《Chemoecology》2005,15(1):1-6
Summary. The diterpene neocembrene A or (1E,5E,9E,12R)-1,5,9-trimethyl-12-(1-methylethenyl)-1,5,9-cyclotetradecatriene, known as the trail-following pheromone of the advanced Termitidae Nasutitermitinae Nasutitermes exitiosus and Trinervitermes bettonianus, has been identified after SPME-GC/MS as the major component of the trail-following pheromone of the Rhinotermitidae Prorhinotermitinae, Prorhinotermes canalifrons and P. simplex. In all the other Rhinotermitidae studied until now, the major component of their trail pheromones is dodecatrienol ((3Z,6Z,8E)-dodeca-3,6,8-trien-1-ol). This biochemical data further add to the anatomical and molecular characteristics that give a special status to the taxon Prorhinotermes among Rhinotermitidae. In Prorhinotermes canalifrons and P. simplex, neocembrene A was the only secretory compound specific to the sternal gland surface that could be detected after SPME. It elicited orientation as well as recruitment behavioral effects. However, the comparison of the respective biological activities triggered by neocembrene A and by sternal gland secretion suggests that minor components of the latter are acting in synergy with neocembrene A. 相似文献
14.
Gas chromatography with simultaneous flame ionisation and electroantennographic detection (GC–EAD) and gas chromatography
with mass spectrometry analysis (GC–MS) of abdominal extracts of adult male Dermestes haemorrhoidalis Kuster (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) revealed the presence of electrophysiologically and behaviourally active compounds to its
conspecific males and females. Isopropyl dodecanoate (3), isopropyl (Z)-9-tetradecenoate (5), isopropyl tetradecanoate (6), isopropyl (Z)-9-hexadecenoate (7) and isopropyl hexadecanoate (8) were detected in male abdominal extracts only. Analysis of collected
male headspace volatiles revealed the presence of six EAD-active compounds (3), (5), (6) and isopropyl tridecanoate (4) plus
two unidentified compounds (1) and (9). Synthetic compounds (3), (4), (5), (6) and (7) showed EAD activity with antennae of
both sexes in contrast to synthetic (8) which showed EAD activity with female antennae only. Male and female antennae of D.
haemorrhoidalis reacted with high receptor potentials to isopropyl (Z)-9-dodecenoate (2), although this compound itself was detected in neither male nor female abdominal extracts or headspace
volatiles. Petri dish bioassays indicated that male abdominal extracts and compounds (2), (3), (5) and (6) aroused and attracted
conspecific male and female beetles significantly (P < 0.05) compared to female extracts. These results suggested the presence of a male-produced aggregation pheromone in D. haemorrhoidalis. Field assays with any of the described compounds, however, did not result in attraction of this beetle in significant numbers. 相似文献
15.
Summary. Male obliquebanded leafrollers, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), were induced to respond to a pheromone source tainted with a behavioural antagonist, Z9-tetradecenyl acetate, when a source releasing the antagonist was placed 10 cm upwind of the tainted source in a wind tunnel.
However, placement of the antagonist upwind of an attractive pheromone source did not interrupt pheromone-mediated responses.
Placement of a source releasing Z9-tetradecenyl acetate, a minor pheromone component of the sympatric species, the threelined leafroller, Pandemis limitata (Robinson), upwind of a calling P. limitata female, reduced conspecific male pheromone-mediated response but resulted in upwind flight by male C. rosaceana and contact with heterospecific females. Male P. limitata locked on and flew upwind to but did not contact heterospecific females when a source releasing Z9-tetradecenyl acetate was positioned upwind of a calling C. rosaceana female. In the field, adaptation or habituation to Z9-tetradecenyl acetate caused by atmospheric treatment with this compound apparently resulted in reciprocal heterospecific
pheromone responses. More C. rosaceana males were captured in traps baited with their pheromone and the behavioural antagonist in small field plots treated atmospherically
with Z9-tetradecenyl acetate than in nontreated control plots. Fewer male P. limitata were captured in traps baited with their own pheromone, or with C. rosaceana pheromone tainted with Z9-tetradecenyl acetate in plots treated atmospherically with Z9-tetradecenyl acetate than in nontreated control plots. We argue that Z9-tetradecenyl acetate is an important synomone which assists in partitioning the sexual chemical communication channels of
C. rosaceana and P. limitata.
Received 9 February 1999; accepted 22 March 1999. 相似文献
16.
Peter Witzgall Jean-Pierre Chambon Marie Bengtsson C. Rikard Unelius Monica Appelgren Gyorgy Makranczy N. Muraleedharan Darwin W. Reed Klaus Hellrigl Hans-Ruedi Buser Eric Hallberg Gunnar Bergström Miklos Tóth Christer Löfstedt Jan Löfqvist 《Chemoecology》1996,7(1):13-23
Summary The geometric isomers (E,E)-, (E,Z)-, (Z,E)-, and (Z,Z)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate were identified as sex pheromone components or sex attractants in the tribes Eucosmini and Grapholitini of the tortricid subfamily Olethreutinae. Species belonging to the more ancestral Tortricinae were not attracted. Each one isomer was behaviourally active in males ofCydia andGrapholita (Grapholitini), either as main pheromone compound, attraction synergist or attraction inhibitor. Their reciprocal attractive/antagonistic activity in a number of species enables specific communication with these four compounds.Pammene, as well as otherGrapholita andCydia responded to the monoenic 8- or 10-dodecen-1-yl acetates. Of the tribes Olethreutini and Eucosmini,Hedya, Epiblema, Eucosma, andNotocelia trimaculana were also attracted to 8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetates, but several otherNotocelia to 10,12-tetradecadien-1-yl acetates. The female sex pheromones ofC. fagiglandana, C. pyrivora, C. splendana, Epiblema foenella andNotocelia roborana were identified. (E,E)- and (E,Z)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate are producedvia a commonE9 desaturation pathway inC. splendana. CallingC. nigricana andC. fagiglandana females are attracted to wingfanning males. 相似文献
17.
Summary. Both male and female Holotrichia loochooana
loochooana (Sawada) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) were
attracted with female-produced pheromone, anthranilic acid
(2-aminobenzoic acid), in the field. Male chafers were
observed to apparently directly locate cotton balls impregnated
with 1 to 10 mg of pheromone. In contrast, females never
directly oriented to the treated balls but landed 0.2-1.5 m
away and exposed their abdominal glands in a calling posture,
which occasionally resulted in aggregation of both females
and males. This suggested the mating aggregation of this
species could be primarily induced by pheromone released by
females. A hypothesis for adaptability of female aggregation
is proposed and discussed. 相似文献
18.
Summary Components of the green leaf volatile complex (Z-3-hexenyl acetate andE-2-hexenyl acetate) were shown to enhance responses of tobacco budworm,Heliothis virescens, males to the sex attractant pheromone of conspecific females in the field. The results are discussed with regard to green leaf volatiles which enhance the attractant pheromone of a cohabiting species, and serve as attractants of a parasitoid of conspecific larvae. 相似文献
19.
Host-plant green-leaf volatiles synergize the synthetic sex pheromones of the corn earworm and codling moth (Lepidoptera) 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Douglas M. Light Robert A. Flath Ronald G. Buttery Frank G. Zalom Richard E. Rice Joseph C. Dickens Eric B. Jang 《Chemoecology》1993,4(3-4):145-152
Summary The capture of adult male moths in female sex pheromone traps of two key agricultural pests, the corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) and the codling moth (Cydia pomonella), is enhanced or synergized by a certain group of host-plant volatiles, the green-leaf volatiles (GLVs). Since female adults of both species call and release their sex pheromones while perched upon the leaves of their host-plants, the volatile constituents from the leaves of a number of host-plants were compared. Sex pheromone traps containing one of the prominent leaf volatiles of certainH. zea hosts, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, not only significantly increased the capture ofH. zea males but were preferred over traps baited only with sex pheromone. Similarly, traps baited with synthetic sex pheromome ofC. pomonella plus a blend of GLVs captured significantly more males than traps baited only with sex pheromone. Since male moths are not captured in traps baited only with these GLVs, it appears that these GLVs act as pheromone synergists which increase or enhance the attraction or arrestment of male moths in pheromone traps. 相似文献
20.
Summary Sex pheromone communication in the nine European species of small ermine moths (Yponomeuta) is reviewed in regard to the potential role of pheromones in the speciation process. Six of the nine species studied (viz.,Y. evonymellus, Y. cagnagellus, Y. padellus, Y. irrorellus, Y. plumbellus, andY. vigintipunctatus) use a mixture of (E)-11-and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate in different ratios as primary pheromone components, with combinations of tetradecyl acetate, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate and the corresponding alcohols of the acetates as additional pheromone components. Analysis of (Z)- to (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ratios produced by individual females of these species demonstrated significant variation among females of all species. However, the ranges of ratios produced byY. cagnagellus, Y. irrorellus, andY. plumbellus, sharing the same host-plant species, spindle tree, did not overlap. Niche separation of all six species mentioned required consideration of at least one additional pheromone component or of temporal aspects. The remaining three species,i.e. Y. malinellus, Y. mahalebellus andY. rorellus, have pheromones that differ qualitatively.Biosynthetic routes to the pheromone components identified are proposed on the basis of fatty acid pheromone precursors found in the pheromone glands. A phylogenetic tree for the genus is constructed based on allozyme frequency data and changes in pheromone composition are superimposed on this tree. We suggest that the ancestral ermine moth pheromone is a mixture of (Z)-11- and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and the corresponding alcohols, and a scenario of how present-day patterns evolved is outlined. The pheromone differences among the three species using spindle tree as their host-plant might have evolved throughreproductive character displacement upon secondary contact between populations that had already diverged genetically in allopatry. Pheromone differences within the so-calledpadellus-complex (includingY. cagnagellus, Y. mahalebellus, Y. malinellus, Y. padellus, andY. rorellus) in which species might have originated sympatrically, may have evolved byreinforcing selection as these species still hybridise and produce viable offspring when confined in cages. The role of pheromones in reproductive isolation amongYponomeuta species is emphasised by (1) the function of pheromone components of some of the species as behavioural antagonists to other species, (2) the cross-attraction under experimental conditions between allochronic species with similar pheromones, and (3) the formation of hybrids in the laboratory between species that are isolated in nature by pheromone differences. 相似文献