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A fetus ‘at-risk’ for ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) was monitored prenatally by several approaches which, in concert, might yield information of diagnostic value: measurement of amniotic fluid AFP levels; the clastogenic potential of ‘at-risk’ amniotic fluid; and cytogenic evaluation of fetal amniocytes. All three parameters proved negative and normality, based primarily on the chromosomal study of fetal cells, was therefore presumed. This conclusion was confirmed shortly after birth by normal serum AFP levels and the lack of increased spontaneous or clastogen-induced chromosome breakage in the infant's cells. Based on previous observations from four normal and one affected fetus, the coordination of these techniques provides adequate methodology for the antenatal assessment of the phenotypes associated with A-T. 相似文献
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Friedreich ataxia is a neurodegerative disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. Since the gene causing mutation has not yet been identified, prenatal, predictive, and carrier diagnoses are based on indirect haplotype analysis with closely linked markers. Until recently, only distal markers were available and their physical distance to the Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) gene remained elusive. The identification of close flanking markers that mark out the boundaries of the FRDA locus and reduce the critical genomic region which contains the gene allows for the first time misdiagnosis due to undetectable recombination to be avoided and diagnosis accuracy to be greatly improved. In this sense, we have verified a prenatal diagnosis in which the fetus was diagnosed as an unaffected carrier last year with a confidence of 95 per cent. By using the new flanking markers, the diagnosis improved and confidence reached almost 100 per cent. 相似文献
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Jeanne Francoual Pascale Trioche Chahnez Mokrani Hassen Seboui Naïma Khrouf Jacqueline Chalas Marina Clement Liliane Capel Gérard Tachdjian Philippe Labrune 《黑龙江环境通报》2002,22(10):914-916
Crigler–Najjar syndrome type I (CN-I) is a rare and severe inherited disorder of bilirubin metabolism, caused by the total deficiency of bilirubin-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity. Enzymatic diagnosis cannot be performed in chorionic villi or amniocytes as UGT is not active in these tissues. The cloning of the UGT1 gene and the identification of disease-causing mutations have led to the possibility of performing DNA-based diagnosis. Here we report DNA-based prenatal diagnosis of CN-I in two Tunisian families in whom CN-I patients were diagnosed. As we had previously shown that CN-I was, in Tunisia, associated with homozygosity for the Q357R mutation within the UGT1 gene, we were able to detect this mutation in both families and to show that it was easily recognized by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. In both cases, SSCP analysis of fetal DNA showed that the fetus was heterozygous for the Q357R mutation. In one family, the pregnancy was carried to term and a healthy baby was born, whereas, in the other family, the pregnancy is still continuing. Thus the prenatal diagnosis of CN-I is possible, provided disease-causing mutations have been identified. SSCP analysis of DNA prepared either from amniocytes or from chorionic villi is a simple, reliable and fast method for prenatal diagnosis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Enric Domènech Helena Kruyer Carolina Gómez Maria Teresa Calvo Virginia Nunes 《黑龙江环境通报》2004,24(10):787-789
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Dr. Sci. V. S. Baranov V. N. Gorbunova T. E. Ivaschenko N. Yu. Shwed N. S. Osinovskaya T. K. Kascheeva V. M. Lebedev A. V. Mikhailov V. G. Vakharlovsky T. V. Kuznetzova 《黑龙江环境通报》1992,12(7):575-586
From a total of 490 cystic fibrosis (CF) high-risk families under supervision (mostly Russian Slavs from the European part of the country), DNA data including both direct screening for some CF gene(CFTR)mutations(deIF508, G551D and 1677delTA) and allelic polymorphism studies with tightly CF linked DNA markers were collected from 261 families. All full families (129) and 86 CF families with a deceased index child were found to be either fully (42 per cent) or partially (40 per cent) informative for DNA analysis. Prenatal diagnosis (PD) was carried out in 161 CF families. Microvillar enzyme (MVE) assay was applied to all 140 PD at the second trimester either as a single test (88) or in conjunction with DNA analysis (52). The frequency of false-negative results of the MVE assay was 1.3 percent and that of false-positive results, as judged by the albumin meconium test, was 5.0 per cent. Ambiguous results of MVE analysis were found in 30 cases, 12 of which were verified by DNA analysis. Molecular diagnosis of CF at the first trimester was carried out in 21 cases and four pregnancies were terminated. Altogether, 39 pregnancies with a predicted high risk of CF fetuses were terminated. The low average frequency of delF508 in CF chromosomes of Russian Slavs (50 per cent), its remarkable inter-population variation, and the significant proportion of at-risk families without an affected child determine the necessity of combined molecular and biochemical (MVE assay) approaches for efficient prenatal diagnosis of CF in the former U.S.S.R. 相似文献
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Brigitte Simon-Bouy Agnès Taillandier Delphine Fauvert Isabelle Brun-Heath Jean-Louis Serre Carmen G. Armengod Martin G. Bialer Michèle Mathieu Jacques Cousin David Chitayat Jan Liebelt Barbara Feldman Marion Gérard-Blanluet Stefani Körtge-Jung Cath King Hannele Laivuori Martine Le Merrer Sarju Mehta Christina Jern Saba Sharif Fabienne Prieur Gabriele Gillessen-Kaesbach Andreas Zankl Etienne Mornet 《黑龙江环境通报》2008,28(11):993-998
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通过运用分解模型,将工业COD和工业SO2减排分解为规模效应、结构效应、清洁技术效应和污染治理效应,并根据模型测算了2006~2009年各种效应的大小.结果表明:规模效应值为58.68%,即经济规模扩张增加工业COD和工业SO2排放,结构效应、清洁技术效应和污染治理效应效应值分别为-0.63%、-49.34%和-29.79%,即促进工业COD和工业SO2减排;分行业来看,农副食品加工业和非金属矿物制品业发展迅速,需要严格控制其发展速度;化学纤维制造业的COD产生强度和电力、热力的生产和供应业、有色金属矿采选业、石油加工、炼焦及核燃料加工业的SO2产生强度升高,需要加强清洁生产控制;燃气生产和供应业、皮革毛皮羽毛(绒)及其制品业的COD去除率和非金属矿采选业、非金属矿物制品业和燃气生产和供应业的SO2去除率降低,需要加强污染治理控制. 相似文献
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黄土高原实施退耕还林还草工程20余年,区域生态环境发生巨大变化,过度植被恢复产生的负效应也逐步显现,有关黄土高原高强度植被恢复的可持续性问题引起讨论。当前,黄土高原植被恢复已进入一个节点性时期,但植被重建的终极目标并不十分明确。未来50—100 a,黄土高原退耕还林还草工程的环境效应与可持续性如何,目前缺乏前瞻性的科学认识。鉴于这一问题,本文对黄土高原近20 a大规模植被恢复和重建产生的生态、水文、侵蚀和气候效应进行了回顾,并对在甘肃庆阳南小河沟长期退耕还林和还草小流域持续开展近10 a的观测研究成果进行了总结分析,探讨长期自然和人为植被恢复背景下小流域的生态水文效应,最后从小流域视角对黄土高原退耕还林还草的可持续性进行了探讨。针对当前黄土高原退耕还林还草工程取得的成绩和面临的挑战,提出了退耕还林还草的两阶段论。第一阶段为退耕还林还草实施至今20 a,主要目标是增绿、控蚀、减泥沙,目前这一目标已基本实现;第二阶段为未来20—30 a,目标是稳绿、增水、促发展,当前工作的重点是需要针对第二阶段的目标开展规划和研究工作,提高黄土高原生态质量的持久性和区域人地关系的协调。 相似文献
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中国工业能源消费强度的影响因素研究——基于省域工业数据的实证分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基于分解方法,把中国各省域1985-2008年间不同时期的工业能源消费强度变化分解为规模效应、结构效应和技术效应。结果表明:规模效应、技术效应和结构效应在不同省域及不同的时段内,强度和方向都有所不同。规模效应在1985-1995、1995-2004年间两个时期都是工业能源消费增长的主导因素,且随着时间推进,作用强度也在显著增加;同时规模效应强度的区域差异并不显著;而在2004-2008年间,规模效应则出现明显分异,增长能源与节约能源两种效应同时并存。技术效应在1995-2004、2004-2008年两个时期都是朝着节约工业能源的方向发展,表明随着时间的推进,技术效应在各个省域的作用在逐步显现,但其大小对不同区域来说有所不同;在1985-1995年时期内,技术效应的大小和方向都不一。总体来看,技术进步的节能效应在一些省域有待提高,这样才有助于\"积极主动\"地促进工业能源消费降低。结构效应在三个时期方向不一,仅在少数地区表现为节能作用;且较之以上两种效应,结构效应的作用强度较小;结构效应与各地区工业发展阶段密切相关,其节能潜力仍需充分挖掘。 相似文献
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BiologicaleffectsofindoorsunlightinruraldwelinghousesChenGuifu,QiuShicong(WannanMedicalCollege,Wuhu241001,China)Biologicaleff... 相似文献
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中国能源消费增长的分解——基于投入产出方法 总被引:24,自引:1,他引:24
能源是当前中国快速工业化和城市化进程中面临的重要问题,分析其消费增长各个环节的能耗效应是制定节能措施的基础。论文利用投入产出表将1990~1995、1997~2002年中国能源消费增长分解为中间需求效应、技术效应和最终需求效应。研究结果表明,技术效应是减少能源消费的关键因素,在1997~2002年间,技术效应的作用更加明显。中间需求效应与技术效应具有明显的负相关性,有可能通过替代效应对技术效应做出反应,因此,行业之间全面的技术进步很重要,尤其是对那些中间需求调整敏感的行业而言。从单个行业来看,对耗能大户和最终需求量增加快的行业应重点加强技术进步。此外,最终需求效应与国际贸易结构密不可分,应该依据产品附加值和产品能耗对进出口结构进行调整以减少能源消费。 相似文献
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在数字经济迅猛发展与实现“双碳”目标的双重背景下,探究数字经济对地区低碳经济转型的影响具有重要意义.基于2010~2021年30个省市的平衡面板数据,运用面板固定效应模型、中介效应模型、门槛效应模型与空间计量模型实证检验了数字经济对地区低碳经济转型的直接效应、间接效应、非线性效应与空间溢出效应.结果表明:(1)数字经济能显著推动地区低碳经济转型,这一结论在经过多重稳健性检验后仍然有效;(2)机制检验表明,数字经济通过推动绿色技术创新与新型城镇化建设显著推动地区低碳经济转型;(3)门槛效应检验表明,当绿色技术创新水平过高或城镇化水平处于初级阶段时,数字经济对地区低碳经济转型的推动作用会被弱化;(4)通过构建空间杜宾模型发现,数字经济对地区低碳经济转型具有显著的空间溢出效应,但这种效应在“地理邻近省市”要强于“经济邻近省市”. 相似文献
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以高压汞灯为光源,研究了哒嗪硫磷在液相中的光化学降解及影响因素.结果表明,哒嗪硫磷浓度为5 mg·L-1时,在纯水中光解半衰期为9.82 h,哒嗪硫磷在不同有机溶剂中的光解速率大小依次为正己烷>乙酸乙酯>甲醇>乙腈,在碱性溶液中比中性和酸性溶液中光解快.在2~20 mg·L-1浓度范围内,哒嗪硫磷在水与甲醇中光解速率均随初始浓度的增加而降低.硝酸盐对哒嗪硫磷水中光解有一定的光敏化作用,而表面活性剂(SDS)则表现出显著的光猝灭作用,且猝灭作用与剂量比正相关.Fe3+和Fe2+对哒嗪硫磷水中光解有极强的光敏作用,并且光敏效应随着离子浓度的提高表现出先增加后减小的现象.光解产物的HPLC-MS检测表明,哒嗪硫磷在水中光解主要的途径是发生光氧化和光异构化作用. 相似文献
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实现经济平稳健康增长是当前资源枯竭城市转型的重要目标之一,以服务业为驱动的发展模式对于提高经济增长、促进就业具有重要意义。基于2001—2018年中国23座资源枯竭城市面板数据,运用固定效应模型、门槛模型等探究服务业对资源枯竭城市转型的经济增长效应。结果表明:(1)服务业在不同时期对城市转型的经济效应存在差异,随发展水平提升呈现“促进—抑制—促进”变化趋势;(2)生产性服务业在不同时期对城市转型的经济效应存在“负向—正向—负向”演变趋势,生活性服务业随发展水平提升呈现“抑制—促进—抑制”的效应变动;(3)交通运输等传统服务业部门对城市转型的经济效应为负向,信息传输等高端服务业部门的效应为正向;(4)服务业对煤炭型和森工型城市转型的经济效应显著为正。 相似文献
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基于灰色关联度的污染物排放主导因素研究——以苏州市为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用灰色关联度理论对1991~2007年间影响苏州市工业污染物排放的主导因素进行分析。初步研究结果表明,在分析时段内,规模效应、结构效应以及广义技术效应对苏州工业污染物的排放影响都比较大。对于每一种污染物排放,不同效应影响程度不同。总体上看,分析时段苏州地区工业污染物排放受万元污染物排放系数(技术减排效应)影响最大,GDP总量(规模效应影响)次之,第二产业比例(产业结构效应)最弱。1991~2007经济规模增长对污染增加的贡献十分明显,产业结构调整因素还未产生明显的环境效益。技术进步的作用显著。综合起来,污染排放增加量与GDP增加相比较为缓和。苏州必须充分挖掘技术效应在污染削减中的作用,有效地实施产业结构优化和升级,以确保节能减排任务的实现。 相似文献