汶川地震后图书馆的恢复重建与职能发挥

汶川地震给灾区的图书馆事业带来重创,全国图书馆界、灾区各类图书馆及其他相关部门立即行动起来,进行抗震救灾、恢复重建工作.图书馆通过及时地宣传、报道、捐款捐物、对民众进行心理干预、编制发放抗震救灾小册子等行动,再加上国家立法的有力支持,进行自救与协助重建,为夺取抗震救灾的最后胜利充分发挥图书馆的职能作用.     

震后灾难心理及其救援对策研究

从心理学和行为学的角度审视了地震灾害带给灾区民众的悲伤、恐惧、忧愁、心慌、愤恨、犯罪等心理行为反应特征,认为必须加强地震灾害后的心理救援工作,对灾民的灾难心理进行干预和调控,在此基础上研究并提出了地震灾害心理救援的基本对策,以期灾难发生后能快速实施心理救援和救助,减少灾民的心理痛苦,尽快恢复社会秩序.     

土地复垦后的验收标准及分级探讨

对应复垦土地复垦后的验收提出了一套分类标准，以便计算土地复垦率，使全国土地复垦工会具有横向对比性。     

紫外线消毒后微生物的光复活特性及其评价方法

随着紫外线消毒技术应用的日益广泛,污水紫外线消毒后微生物的光复活特性值得关注。文章综述了光复活的机理、具有光复活能力的微生物种类、影响光复活的因素以及光复活的评价方式等,以期为系统研究光复活提供参考。具有复活能力的微生物种类较多,主要和体内所含光复活酶相关。影响光复活的因素涉及微生物、污水特性、紫外线系统及光复活条件四方面。评价光复活的方式至今没有统一标准。光复活及其对污水消毒的影响有待进一步深入研究。     

炼化设备检维修遗留物风险评估及安全对策研究

分析了炼化企业设备检维修后，设备顶部、旋梯、平台等处遗留物的现状及可能对生产设备、人员产生的伤害。针对检维修遗留物性质、产生伤害的可能性建立风险评价方法并提出安全对策。     

某固体云爆剂老化前后的安全性研究

目的研究某型固体云爆剂老化后的使用安全性。方法采用真空安定性试验仪按GJB772A—97方法 501.2测试老化前后样品的安定性、相容性,采用感度设备按GJB 772A—97中的相应方法分别测试老化前后样品的撞击感度、摩擦感度以及火焰感度。结果云爆剂老化前后,每克试样在标准状态下的放气量均远远小于2 mL,安定性均合格。样品老化前后火焰感度试验均未爆,撞击感度和摩擦感度均在样品在失重1%时最高,当样品老化至失重1.5%时,爆炸概率反而比失重1%样品的降低。结论该型固体云爆剂老化前后均具有良好的安全性,老化失重达到1.5%后,仍能满足安全使用要求。     

地震发生前后民众心理分析及传播作为

通过对地震前后民众心理的探究及案例分析显示,阐明信息传播在防震救灾工作中的重要位置.并试从传播学的角度,将防震救灾工作与新闻传播紧密结合,提出了解决当前地震预报工作与信息发布之间的矛盾与困惑的方法.     

冬季APEC峰会前后室内外VOCs相关性分析

为研究冬季VOCs类物质的室内外相关性,于2014年11月5日~12月11日对一间无人为活动的房间的空气进行了室内外同步采样,定量分析了98种VOCs物质,并将其分为烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、卤代烃和含氧烃五类,分别讨论了VOCs的浓度水平、I/O、室内外相关系数和分类间的相关系数,并利用质量平衡模型初步估计了室外源对室内VOCs的贡献情况.研究表明,五类VOCs的室内浓度均大于室外浓度,且烷烃>含氧烃>卤代烃>烯烃;五类VOCs均同时存在室内源和室外源;对于VOCs的室内外相关性,烯烃和含氧烃分别为相关性最差和最好的组分,同时,r(卤代烃)>r(烷烃)>r(芳香烃);对于物质间的相关性,烷烃-烯烃的相关性在室内外均最高(rin=0.805,rout=0.888,P￡0.01),卤代烃-含氧烃之间的相关性最差(rin=0.491,P￡0.05;rout=0.529,P￡0.01);室外源对室内浓度的贡献率与VOCs的种类相关,贡献率均值最高的是卤代烃类(56.57%),之后依次是烷烃(46.64%)、烯烃(40.10%)、含氧烃(33.98%)和芳香烃(20.67%).此外,APEC峰会后VOCs的浓度水平、I/O、室内外相关性以及物质间的相关性均高于峰会前的对应值.     

危险化学品重新分类后存在的问题及建议

研究了根据《危险化学品目录(2015版)》中危险化学品的确定原则重新分类危险化学品的危险性变化,分析了危险化学品重新分类后在储存、运输中遇到的问题,提出危险化学品的物理危险性类别设置与危险货物保持一致、制定或修订危险化学品储存标准等5条建议。     

Umbilical artery velocity waveforms before and after chorionic villus sampling

Because a vascular aetiology has been suggested for the limb and oromandibular defects described after chorionic villus sampling (CVS), to determine whether transabdominal (TA) CVS causes noticeable changes in umbilical artery velocity waveforms in first-trimester pregnancies, the pulsatility index (PI) of the umbilical artery was evaluated before and after TA-CVS in 175 pregnancies sampled between 10·0 and 13·0 weeks' gestation. In 139 uncomplicated pregnancies, the mean PI values (with 95 per cent confidence interval) were before TA-CVS 2·751 (2·692–2·809), after 10 min 2·723 (2·697–2·809), and after 1 h 2·781 (2·722–2·840). There were no significant changes in PI relative to the CVS procedure either in pregnancies with an abnormal result or in those ending in spontaneous abortion. Our data do not support any statistically significant change in umbilical artery PI relative to TA-CVS in first-trimester pregnancies. This procedure, despite its invasive character, does not appear to affect the feto-placental circulation.     

氯气泄漏后毒害区的估算及泄漏的处置

运用毒害区计算方法对本部贮存的氯气泄漏后扩散的半径进行估算,同时以扩散的半径作参考,提出氯气泄漏的处置方法.     

Discrepant karyotypes after second- and third-trimester combined placentacentesis/amniocentesis

Cytogenetic data are presented from a total of 1306 consecutive pregnancies with successful diagnosis obtained from both chorionic villi after short-time culture (CVS-SC) and amniotic fluid cell cultures (AC); samples had been taken simultaneously at combined placentacentesis (placental biopsy) and amniocentesis during the second (92·8 per cent) and third (7·2 per cent) trimesters. Concordant results were obtained in 1218 pregnancies with a normal karyotype and in 62 pregnancies with an aberrant fetal karyotype. Discrepant, i. e. false-positive and false-negative, results were found in 26 cases (2 per cent). From these data the accuracy of CVS-SC, defined as the proportion of all correct diagnoses, is calculated to be 98 per cent. Three non-mosaic and 14 mosaic false-positive results obtained after CVS-SC could not be confirmed by AC. Related to 1235 true normal fetal karyotypes, the specificity of CVS-SC, i.e. the proportion of normal karyotypes correctly diagnosed, amounts to 98·6 per cent. In nine pregnancies, an aberrant fetal karyotype detected after AC was missed by CVS-SC. The sensitivity of CVS-SC, i.e. the proportion of abnormal fetuses correctly diagnosed (62 out of 71), amounts to 87·3 per cent in our study group.     

壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚降解前后的激素效应和诱变活性

采用重组基因酵母和SOS/Umu试验研究了壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NP₁₀EO)经生物降解前后的雌激素活性和致突变活性.结果表明,在降解反应开始后的4d内降解产物的雌激素活性较低且不具有致突变性.随着降解时间的不断增加,降解产物的雌激素活性和致突变性不断增强.降解20d后,降解产物的雌激素活性相当于1nmol 17-β雌二醇的61.6%,诱变比值大于2,表明壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的生物降解产物同时具有雌激素活性和致突变活性,且两者在产生时间和活性数值方面均是同步的和成正相关的.因此致突变活性很可能是此类降解产物对生物机体具有雌激素活性的基础.     

电镀废水处理后铬(Ⅵ)反弹成因分析与对策研究

从化学热力学和电化学理论出发,结合目前普遍采用的还原-固体分离法处理含铬废水工艺步骤,对固-液分离后的上清液和沉降污泥Cr(Ⅵ)含量以及Cr(Ⅲ)-Cr(Ⅵ)之间的形态转化相关性进行研究和分析,进而提醒人们要特别注意控制含铬废水中铬反弹及全过程处理的完整性。     

曹妃甸海域浮游植物群落及其在围填海前后的变化分析

本文通过2013年8月和2014年5月在曹妃甸周边海域实施的两次调查,分析了浮游植物群落特征及其与环境因子的关系,并结合历史调查资料分析了围填海前后浮游植物群落的变化情况。结果表明:春季和夏季分别鉴定出浮游植物49种和76种,均以硅藻为主,甲藻和金藻相对较少。春季浮游植物丰度范围为（1.93~7.89）×104 cells/m3,优势种主要为具槽帕拉藻（Paralia sulcata）、细弱圆筛藻（Coscinodiscus subtilis）等,夏季浮游植物丰度范围为（5.85~5022.91）×104 cells/m3,优势种主要为浮动弯角藻（Eucampia zodiacus）、中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）等,春季和夏季浮游植物丰度的空间分布基本一致,均呈现近岸高、远岸低的分布规律。温度、盐度和营养盐是影响浮游植物群落季节变化和空间分布的主要因素。曹妃甸围填海后,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H'）和Pielou均匀度指数（J）的变化具有空间差异,与水动力环境变化引起的营养盐重新分布有关;内湾海域受围填海影响较大,河流输入的淡水和营养盐不易被交换至外海,从而促进了浮动弯角藻的快速增殖,其丰度高达3725.58×104 cells/m3,表明内湾海域赤潮风险较高。     

Coastal livelihood and physical infrastructure in Bangladesh after cyclone Aila

This paper aimed at to explore the consequences of cyclone victims due to unavailability of infrastructural supports and to prop up the recognition that the infrastructure has a vital role to play in societies’ resilience during catastrophic situation. The paper begins with a review of the science regarding climate change impact and cyclone disaster in Bangladesh. It emphasizes the consequences of cyclone Aila in a selected coastal community in the remote coastal area. A field survey was conducted by authors during March-August 2009. Eight available infrastructures were selected for this analysis. Uniformity of distribution (R), demand index (Di) and degree of demand (DD) of the selected infrastructures were calculated by using nearest neighbourhood methods of analysis. Results show that based on its specific planning standards none of the selected infrastructure can support 50% of the total population. Accordingly, it was observed that 76% respondent could not reach in safer place due to rush of water intrusion and also because of the inundation of road-network. The nearness to the available cyclone shelter, and place of taking shelter during cyclone is positively correlated (r = 0.38; p < 0.001). However, the poor people had less opportunity to take shelter in cyclone shelters, although none of the respondents groups whose monthly income is above 75 USD stands without any infrastructural support. Such important observation may hint the influence of local elites on the local disaster mitigation planning practice in Bangladesh. Almost 90% of the respondents claimed that they had no access to enter the available cyclone shelter. Furthermore, the damaged infrastructures added more hindrances during post disaster activities and also increased the sufferings of the victims. If there were adequate cyclone shelters or rehabilitation centre, the affected people could take shelter and continue other works temporarily. Results drawn from this research will be useful for local and national level planners, as well as international donors for future disaster mitigation planning in the studied area and the methodology can be applied in similar countries and geographical territories.     

工艺升级前后对微污染原水处理效果的对比研究

水源水被污染已成为饮用水处理工艺中特别关注的问题。通过中试和生产性的试验,对现有的工艺进行升级,在构筑物不变的情况下将原有的曝气池升级为生物预处理池,将砂滤池升级成生物滤池,试验结果对比表明:(1)中试生物预处理工艺过程中,高锰酸盐指数的去除率约16.4%,NH_4~+-N去除率能够达到60.5%左右,填料上生物量最高28.6 nmol P/(g填料);(2)中试生物滤池对高锰酸盐指数和NH4+-N的去除率分别达到33.4%和87.5%,对浊度和色度去除率分别为74.7%和24.3%,填料上生物量最高有37.8 nmol P/(g填料);(3)在生产性规模的生物预处理过程,高锰酸盐指数去除率为19.2%,而NH_4~+-N去除率为68.3%;(4)在生产性规模的生物滤池和砂滤池过程中,高锰酸盐指数平均去除率为30.7%和5.6%、NH_4~+-N平均去除率为81.3%和25.6%、UV254平均去除率为16.4%和0.03%、对色度去除率分别为27.7%和11.2%;生物滤池出水中总AOC比砂滤池出水中总AOC减少了63.8%,低于100μg乙酸碳/L。     

100年后的海洋生活

<正>很多人喜欢把地球称为"水球",因为地球表面71%的面积被海洋覆盖着。千百年来,海洋为人们提供了丰富的鱼类资源和矿物资源。可是,我们并没有充分地利用海洋。究竟海洋还能怎样造福人类呢?也许某一天,你将看到这样的图景:海洋中分布着各种各样的城市,人像鱼一样在海洋里游来游去……不要大惊小怪,在未来的100年中,人类将会逐步实现这样的梦想。现在,让我们一起去看看奇妙无比的未来海洋生活吧!