熔融碱法处理CFC-12的研究

采用熔融碱法处理CFC-12,考察了不同因素对于CFC-12转化率的影响。结果表明：当进口气体浓度300-2527 mg/m3时,在有水蒸汽,反应温度720℃,温度越高越有利于CFC-12的转化,NaOH用量60 g,气体流量25mL/min处理效果好,CFC-12的转化率达到90%。而且CFC-12的分解产物被NaOH吸收固化,实现了CFC-12的无害化处理。     

不同形态铁对脱色希瓦氏菌S12偶氮还原的影响

以脱色希瓦氏菌(Shewanella decolorationis)S12为材料,研究了不同形态铁对其厌氧偶氮还原的影响.结果表明,Fe(Ⅲ)对偶氮还原的影响与其形态及浓度直接相关.不可溶性Fe(Ⅲ)对偶氮还原表现延缓作用,0.05～2 mmol/L的Fe2O3均延缓0.2mmol/L的苋菜红还原,但作用效果不随Fe2O3浓度的增加而成比例强化.而对于可溶性Fe(Ⅲ),0.4 mmol/L浓度以下对0.2mmol/L的苋菜红还原具有一定的促进作用,作用效果与其浓度变化不呈线性关系.1 mmol/L浓度以上则表现为抑制作用,浓度越高其抑制作用越强,这种现象在电子供体不足的情况下尤为明显.进一步研究发现,可溶性Fe(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)均具有缓解双香豆素对醌循环的抑制作用而促进偶氮还原.由此推测,可溶性铁对偶氮还原的促进作用是由于这些化合物的细胞透过性,在低浓度条件下形成Fe(Ⅱ)Fe(Ⅲ)氧化还原循环,充当电子传递的中间媒介,通过发挥电子穿梭功能从而促进细菌的偶氮还原.而高浓度条件下可溶性Fe(Ⅲ)优先大量接受来自电子供体的电子而与偶氮化合物竞争,其电子穿梭功能被掩盖,从而抑制偶氮还原.对于不可透过细胞的不可溶性Fe(Ⅲ),只是作为胞外电子受体与强极性的偶氮化合物竞争电子从而仅仅呈现延缓作用.通过对铁的形态及浓度的适当选择与控制可以获得更高效的偶氮还原效率.     

杭州典型区域C2-12质量浓度变化及臭氧潜势量分析

利用荷兰Synspec公司的GC955-611/811在线气相色谱系统于2006年9月20日—10月11日对杭州市区5个典型区域的ρ(C2-12)进行了自动连续监测. 结果表明:ρ(C2-12)以次干道最高(为189.0 μg/m3),主干道次之(为165.6 μg/m3),云栖清洁对照区最低(为109.9 μg/m3).下沙经济开发区的C2-12主要来自化工企业的排放,云栖清洁对照区主要来自植被排放,其他区域主要来自机动车排放.各区域芳烃以甲苯、乙苯等苯系物为主,均占芳烃总量的90%左右;烷烃中w(正己烷)最高;烯烃中异丁烯,1,3-丁二烯的含量最高;各组分最大臭氧潜势量在5个典型区域中均以异丁烯、甲苯较大.      

金属自由镦粗的实验研究

金属的拉伸和镦粗实验是研究金属材料力学性能的2个基本实验;而金属的自由镦粗又是人们用来研究自由表面裂纹和材料可加工性能的一个方便而实用的实验。重点介绍了高-径比与摩擦系数对镦粗变形行为与可加工性能的影响,并给出了一些有价值的曲线。     

Renatal diagnosis of mosaic tetrasomy 12p/trisomy 12p by fluorescent in situ hybridization in amniotic fluid cells: A case report of pallister–killian syndrome

A prenatally detected case of a rare mosaic tetrasomy 12p/trisomy 12p is reported, presenting as the well-known accessory isochromosome 12p and a supernumerary single 12p marker in 17/24 and 6/24 clones of cultured amniotic fluid cells, respectively. The chromosomal nature of both marker chromosomes was investigated in cultured amniotic fluid cells by fluorescent in situ hybridization with various probes: the 12-centromeric probes pa12H8 and D12Z3, a whole chromosome 12 paint, and the chromosome 12p-specific paint M28. DNA analysis revealed a maternal origin of the extra 12p material. After counselling, the parents requested termination of pregnancy. Inspection and autopsy of the fetus revealed many of the dysmorphisms and internal structural abnormalities of the Pallister–Killian syndrome.     

Prenatal diagnosis of a 46,XX/47,XX, +12 mosaic

A case of true mosaicism 46,XX/47,XX,+ 12 was diagnosed prenatally. The pregnancy was terminated in the 21st week of gestation and the aberrant cell line was rediscovered in cultured fetal tissue. However, a detailed examination of the fetus did not disclose any significant physical malformation.     

Peri- and paracentric inversions in chromosome 12: Prenatal diagnosis and family study

Three different types of chromosome 12 inversion were seen in 15 individuals out of 44 individuals examined in one 8 generation family. Type 1: a pericentric inversion inv(12) (p112; q131) was found in 7 individuals and twice at prenatal diagnosis. Type 2: a paracentric inversion inv(12) (p123; p131) was seen in two individuals. Two individuals carried both inversion chromosomes, namely type 1 and type 2. The two inversion chromosomes were transmitted from each of the parents. Type 3: a double pericentric and paracentric inversion (type 3) inv(12) (p123; p131) (p112; q131) was observed in the daughter of one of the carriers of type 1 and 2 inversions and again at prenatal diagnosis in her son. The double inversion most likely arose through crossing-over in between the two inversion loops. A balanced translocation t(7; 13) and the inversion type 1 was observed in one individual, who transmitted the translocation only to an offspring. The frequency of inversions in amniotic fluid cells observed in our laboratory was 1·9 per cent. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.     

Trisomy 12 mosaicism in phenotypically normal fetuses following prenatal detection

We report three cases of amniocentesis in which mosaicism for trisomy 12 was detected in two or more independent cultures. The parents elected to terminate the pregnancy in all three cases. Follow-up studies in two of the cases confirmed the mosaicism in fetal tissues (in subcutaneous tissue in one case; in fetal lung in the other), but not in blood. No fetal anomalies were evident by ultrasound or at autopsy. These results along with other reported cases demonstrate the difficulty in counselling for mosaic trisomy 12.     

Trisomy 12 mosaicism in amniocytes and dysmorphic child despite normal chromosomes in fetal blood sample

Trisomy 12 mosaicism (44 per cent) was detected prenatally in cultured amniocytes. A cordocentesis was performed to confirm the result. Only normal cells were found in the fetal blood sample. The fetus was estimated to be at a low risk of having a chromosomal abnormality and the pregnancy continued. Eight days after birth, a congenital heart defect was detected in the child. Several dysmorphic features were also evident. Further karyotyping of different tissues revealed normal blood and urinary cells but trisomic cells in the placenta (100 per cent) and in skin fibroblasts (25 per cent). The child died at 5 weeks of age. In this case, the fetal blood sample failed to reveal the real chromosome constitution of the fetus.     

Trisomy 12 mosaicism detected by mid–trimester amniocentesis

Trisomy 12 mosaicism was found in about 15 per cent of cultured amniocytes obtained from a 32-year-old white female at 17·6 weeks of gestation. Termination of pregnancy was elected and multiple tissues were obtained for chromosome analysis. Of 158 cells examined, only 1 cell in placenta was found with an extra number 12 chromosome. Pathological examination of the fetus did not reveal significant physical abnormalities. This report illustrates the difficulty of confirming trisomy 12 mosaicism which has been detected on prenatal diagnosis. The presence of trisomy 12 in one placental cell obtained from the curettage specimen suggests the possibility of confined placental mosaicism in this case.     

十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)在合成针铁矿表面的吸附特征

为了探究十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)在水合针铁矿(α-FeOOH)表面的吸附过程和机理,在不同pH值、离子强度以及温度下采用批处理法研究了针铁矿对BS-12的吸附特征;并对BS-12在针铁矿表面的吸附机制进行了探讨.研究结果表明:针铁矿对BS-12的吸附平衡时间约为8 h,吸附过程符合伪二级动力学模型,吸附速率受化学吸附机理控制.Freundlich等温吸附模型能较好地描述针铁矿对BS-12的吸附,pH值对针铁矿吸附BS-12影响显著,主要取决于针铁矿的电荷零点和BS-12的等电点;离子强度的增加对BS-12的吸附有促进作用;温度的升高促进BS-12的吸附.热力学参数结果表明,针铁矿对BS-12的吸附是一个具有熵增和焓增特征的自发性吸热过程.BS-12在针铁矿表面的吸附是一个较慢发生的吸热的化学吸附的过程,主要吸附机制为化学键作用和疏水结合模式.     

Prenatal diagnosis of tetrasomy 12p by in situ hybridization: Varying levels of mosaicism in different fetal tissues

Prenatal diagnosis of tetrasomy 12p is complicated by the discrimination of the 12p isochromosome from the duplication 21q as well as the level of mosaicism demonstrated in the particular tissue sampled. In this disease, a high percentage of chromosomally abnormal cells are generally found in fibroblastic cells, but lymphocyte karyotypes from the same individual may be normal. We report on the pregnancy of a 37-year-old female who presented to our centre at 16 weeks' gestation for genetic amniocentesis. Sonography of the fetus revealed dextrocardia and diaphragmatic hernia. Chromosome analysis of amniocytes demonstrated mosaicism of a 47,XY,+i(12p) line in 80 per cent of cells and a normal male line (20 per cent), consistent with the Pallister-Killian syndrome. Following termination, a 220 g male fetus of 18 weeks was examined. A flattened nose and low-set ears were noted. In situ hybridization with a chromosome 12 centromeric probe in lymphocytes and skin cells unequivocally confirmed the karyotype and showed the presence of a single centromere in the abnormal chromosome, suggesting a true isochromosome. Chromosome analysis of various fetal tissues was performed and the following percentages of abnormal cells were found: skin 100 per cent, chorion 50 per cent, placenta 30 per cent, and blood 80 per cent. The high frequency of tetrasomic cells in fetal blood at this early gestational age is noteworthy, since most reports of this syndrome show a very low percentage of abnormal cells postnatally.     

广西省实施国家“十二五”环境保护规划中期评估研究

《国家环境保护“十二五”规划》是中国环保行业重要的纲领性文件。根据国家和广西对开展“十二五”规划中期评估工作的相关要求,采用定量定性相结合,辅助逻辑判断的方式,对广西涉及国家要求的142个指标,从目标指标完成情况、环境质量现状、重点领域工作开展、环境保护公共服务体系完善及保障措施落实等5个方面评估广西实施国家环境保护“十二五”规划实施情况。最后,总结得出规划实施过程中存在的问题,并提出“十二五”后期部署及对策建议。     

A further prenatal diagnosis of mosaic tetrasomy 12p (Pallister-Killian syndrome)

A case of mosaic tetrasomy 12p was detected in amniotic fluid cell cultures from a 28-year-old woman referred to us at 26 weeks' gestation because of hydramnios. The fetus was shown on ultrasonography to have an omphalocele and a short femur length. Labour was induced at 32 weeks. An infant with multiple congenital anomalies was delivered and died after 10 min. The diagnosis of i(12p) or Pallister-Killian syndrome was confirmed cytogenetically in fibroblast and lymphocyte cultures. Increased LDH-B activity was demonstrated in fibroblasts.     

蓝藻水华粗提物对小鼠肝脏HSP70,GRP78表达的影响

为研究在活体条件下自然水环境中蓝藻水华对生物体的毒性效应,将小鼠连续7d经灌胃暴露于不同浓度的蓝藻水华粗提物,通过western-blotting法测定小鼠肝组织中热应激蛋白HSP70、与内质网应激相关的GRP78、CHOP以及caspaser-12蛋白表达水平.结果显示,随着暴露浓度的提高,在最高浓度组,HSP70,GRP78的表达水平显著提高,但未见CHOP和caspaser-12表达的明显改变.研究结果表明,蓝藻水华粗提物使小鼠肝组织处于内质网应激状态.     

浑河沈阳段"十二五"水环境建设技术对策

历经近10年的综合整治,沈阳市的"母亲河"-浑河已发生巨大变化,污水的收集与处理、两岸与河道建设以及河流功能修复等方面取得显著成果和效益,但距生态城市建设和河流水质目标的要求尚存在较大差距和诸多需要进一步解决的问题,本文将据此分析探讨其水环境建设主要任务、技术对策以及主要对策实施途径,为浑河沈阳段水系"十二五"建设提供...     

Expression of transcobalamin II by amniocytes

Children with a genetic absence of transcobalarnin 2 (TC2) are clinically asymptomatic at birth but develop severe megaloblastic anemia early in life. We have examined the incorporation of [⁵⁷Co]-CN-B₁₂ in the absence of any exogenous source of TC2 in control amniotic fluid derived cells and cultured diploid fibroblasts, and in fibroblasts from a patient with TC2 deficiency. Both control fibroblasts and arnniocytes incorporated labelled B₁₂, into TC2-B₁₂, and the proportion of labelled TC2-B₁₂ could be increased by growing cells in the presence of chloroquine which prevents intralysosomal hydrolysis of the TC2-B₁₂ complex. In contrast, fibroblasts from the patient with TC2 deficiency incorporated almost no label as TC2-B₁₂. These studies suggest that TC2 deficiency either due to aberrant production of TC2 or because of the production of an abnormal TC2 which does not bind B₁₂ can be diagnosed before birth.     

SO2对Ag/Al2O3催化剂上CH3OH还原NO性能的影响

用溶胶-凝胶混合法制备了Ag负载量为5%的Ag/A12O3催化剂.研究了富氧条件下,SO2对CH3OH在催化剂上还原NO性能的影响.结果表明,反应气不含SO2和H2O时,NO还原活性温度较低,有显著量N2O生成,这被归因为反应过程中,部分氧化态Ag被还原为金属Ag.添加SO2或同时添加SO2和H2O使催化剂活性显著增加,N2O形成受到抑制,而且活性峰值温度提高.XPS分析表明SO2作用后的催化剂表面形成了硫酸盐化合物.     

沈阳市"十二五"环境保护研究

"十二五"期间,沈阳市环境保护工作面临经济社会高速发展,资源能源消耗量不断增加,污染减排压力越来越大,环境质量功能区达标困难重重,农村环境问题日益显现,境外环境影响和区域性污染日益增加等多重压力,该期间的主要环境保护目标是实现生态市建设和国家环境建设样板城建设目标,对此环境保护的主要措施是优化发展、源头控制、未端治理、...