不同钝化剂对碱性镉污染土壤钝化效果研究

该研究以河南栾川石宝沟典型铅锌矿区镉污染农田土壤作为供试土壤,采用室内培养试验法,分别添加熟石灰、方解石、白云石、沸石、蒙脱石、生物炭等6种钝化材料,采用Tessier修正顺序七步提取法进行镉形态含量分析,研究不同钝化剂在1%、3%、5%添加量条件下对典型北方碱性土壤镉的钝化效果。结果显示,试验选用的6种钝化材料在不同程度上提升了土壤pH值,对p H值提升效果排序为熟石灰蒙脱石沸石白云石生物炭方解石。不同钝化剂对离子交换态Cd的钝化作用具有一定的差异性,钝化效果排序为熟石灰方解石生物炭沸石白云石蒙脱石,其中碱性物质熟石灰对离子交换态Cd的降低效果显著,同为碳酸盐矿物的方解石明显优于白云石,同为黏土矿物的沸石优于蒙脱石,生物炭钝化效果居中。其中5%添加量熟石灰、3%添加量方解石、1%添加量沸石、1%添加量生物炭钝化效果最为明显,对土壤离子交换态Cd含量分别降低了61.11%、25.32%、14.84%、24.76%。6种钝化剂的添加在不同程度上改变了Cd在土壤中的形态含量比例,总体来看,离子交换态镉含量显著降低,碳酸盐结合态、腐殖酸结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态镉含量明显增加,硅酸盐残余态镉含量小幅上升,强有机结合态略微下降。     

生物炭对城郊农业土壤镉有效性及镉形态的影响

为探索生物炭对镉污染土壤的钝化效果,采用室内培养的方法,研究了低镉(镉含量1.86 mg/kg)及高镉(镉含量6.55mg/kg)土壤条件下生物炭对土壤有效态镉及不同形态镉分布的影响。研究结果表明:至培养末期,添加生物炭显著降低了2种镉条件下土壤有效态镉含量,低镉及高镉条件下降幅分别达到4.31%和6.82%。生物炭添加对短期及较长期内不同形态镉含量均会产生影响。在培养初期,2种镉条件下添加生物炭均使可交换态镉含量显著下降(P0.05),铁锰氧化物结合态镉及残渣态镉含量上升,且后者上升显著(P0.05)。在培养末期,生物炭的添加减少了2种镉条件下可交换态和有机物及硫化物结合态镉含量,提高了碳酸盐结合态及残渣态镉含量,且低镉条件下各形态镉含量的变化均有显著差异。该实验数据表明,生物炭与土壤的有效结合降低了重金属镉的有效态含量,其迁移性和生物有效性得以控制,生物炭对土壤重金属镉具有显著的钝化作用,在土壤重金属镉污染治理方面有着巨大潜力。     

生物质炭对土壤镉形态转化的影响

选取秸秆生物质炭为试验材料,通过模拟实验,研究生物质炭的输入对土壤镉形态转化的影响。结果表明,输入生物质炭的土壤经过90 d的钝化,pH、有机质随着输入生物质炭的比例增加有显著增加趋势;输入生物质炭后镉的可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、Fe-Mn氧化物结合态、残渣态4种形态的含量变化显著,其中可交换态由2.243 mg/kg降低至1.095 mg/kg,最高降低了10.9%;碳酸盐结合态由1.474 mg/kg降低至0.874 mg/kg,最高降低了5.7%;Fe-Mn氧化物结合态由1.917 mg/kg降低至1.127 mg/kg,最高降低了12%;残渣态由5.023 mg/kg提升至7.414 mg/kg,最高提升了22.7%,有机物结合态变化不大。说明生物质炭输入后能够使土壤重金属由有效态向某些潜在的有效态或无效态转化,从而达到修复重金属污染土壤的目的。研究结果还表明,当输入生物质炭量为10 g/kg时,外加镉污染土壤中镉的钝化效果最佳。     

改性生物炭材料对稻田原状和外源镉污染土钝化效应

为研究改性处理后的生物炭对镉污染土壤钝化效应,以油菜秸秆制备的生物炭(BC)为原材料,通过不同处理(HNO_3氧化、NaOH碱化、KMnO_4浸渍、FeCl_3浸渍)制备改性炭材料,在室内连续培养试验中,分析了其对原土/外源镉污染土壤的钝化效应.结果表明,原炭及改性生物炭均降低了原状土壤有效态镉含量,其中Na OH和KMnO_4改性的炭材料钝化作用超过50%;在外源污染土壤中,NaOH、KMnO_4、FeCl_3改性炭材料均降低了土壤有效态镉含量,以添加10%的BC-KMnO_4较佳,降低作用超30%,HNO3改性炭却活化了3.8%~24.5%的土壤有效态镉.10%BC-KMnO_4显著降低原状土壤中可交换态镉含量达65.1%,而BC-HNO_3在外源污染土壤中活化可交换态镉含量高达20.2%.原炭及改性生物炭均增加了土壤中有机碳、盐基离子含量;原炭及NaOH、KMnO_4改性生物炭提高了土壤pH,HNO_3改性炭则降低了土壤p H;原状土中有效态镉含量与pH、交换性钠离子含量呈显著负相关,外源镉污染土中有效态镉含量则与pH、有机碳、交换性镁、钾、钠离子含量呈显著负相关.KMnO_4改性生物炭显著提高土壤pH,增加土壤有机碳和盐基离子含量,降低土壤镉活性形态含量,可作为优选的原位钝化修复材料,而HNO_3改性生物炭显著降低了土壤pH,提高了土壤有效态和可交换态镉含量,具有促进土壤镉生物有效性的风险.     

药渣生物炭联合麦饭石对铜镉污染土壤修复研究

期望以板蓝根药渣为原材料制备生物炭,用于修复重金属Cu、Cd污染土壤,实现以废治污。该研究探讨以板蓝根中药渣为原材料制备的生物炭联合天然麦饭石对重金属Cu、Cd污染土壤的钝化修复效果及作用机理,采用室内土壤培养试验,研究钝化剂施加量为2%土壤质量时,500℃下制备的药渣生物炭(BC500)、天然麦饭石(MS)和等质量的生物炭与麦饭石组合钝化剂(BC500+MS)共3种钝化剂处理对重金属Cu、Cd污染土壤p H、土壤养分、铜镉形态的影响。土壤培养30 d研究结果表明,3种钝化剂均能提高土壤pH、土壤养分;施加单一药渣生物炭对铜的钝化效果好于天然麦饭石,但天然麦饭石对镉的钝化比药渣生物炭的效果更优;采用修正BCR三步连续提取法提取不同处理的Cu、Cd形态,与对照值(CK)相比,BC500处理的弱酸可提取态Cu、Cd含量分别降低了9.00%和6.82%,残渣态Cu、Cd含量分别增加了16.08%和16.67%;MS处理的弱酸可提取态Cu含量较对照无变化,Cd的酸可提取态降低了17.05%,残渣态Cu、Cd含量分别增加7.75%和59.52%;BC500+MS处理的弱酸可提取态Cu、Cd含量分别降低4.44%和26.14%,残渣态Cu、Cd含量分别增加10.16%和78.57%。通过表征分析表明,生物炭对Cu、Cd污染土壤钝化机制是吸附固定和形成沉淀作用,麦饭石对Cu、Cd污染土壤钝化机制主要是吸附作用。     

生物炭剂量对土壤镉形态和细菌群落的影响

为研究不同生物炭添加量对重金属镉污染土壤的原位修复效果,该研究以甘蔗渣为原材料制备不同剂量的生物炭（1%、2%、3%）,明确了重金属镉修复过程中土壤理化特征、镉形态分布和微生物群落结构的变化情况。结果表明：不同剂量生物炭处理主要通过提高土壤p H、有机质含量和阳离子交换量,促进土壤中弱酸可提取态镉、可还原态镉向残渣态转化,其中3%剂量处理的生物炭促进效果显著。实验结束时（60 d）,添加生物炭的弱酸可提取态、可还原态分别下降到21.14%～29.66%、11.15%～22.12%,而添加生物炭的土壤中残渣态镉含量（38.11%～57.53%）显著高于未添加生物炭的土壤（18.55%）,可氧化态镉无显著性变化。施入生物炭后土壤中微生物多样性、丰富度和均匀度均有明显的差异,不同剂量生物炭处理的Ace指数和Chao指数大小依次为Bio 2>Bio 3>Bio 1>CK;也显著提升主要优势菌未分类的酸杆菌、放线菌科、绿弯菌科、芽单胞菌科的相对丰度,Bio 1、Bio 2、Bio 3提升效果分别达15.62%、11.34%、22.98%,56.93%、56.75%、4.53%,...     

磁性生物炭的合成及对土壤重金属污染的钝化效果

为提高生物炭对土壤重金属的钝化能力,通过温和液相还原再氧化法制备了磁性生物炭材料.利用土壤培养实验,以0%、 0.3%、 0.6%和1.0%(质量分数)的比例向重金属污染土壤中施加磁性生物炭,考察磁性生物炭对土壤重金属污染的钝化修复效果及对土壤理化特性的影响,并对修复机制进行了探讨.结果表明,添加不同比例磁性生物炭后,土壤中Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn有效态含量均呈现不同程度的下降,且随着该材料添加比例的增加土壤中重金属有效态降幅随之增加.培养24 d后,Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的钝化效率分别达到了27.52%、 49.55%、 55.83%、 27.33%和26.01%(添加量为1%),但土壤中重金属的形态并没有发生显著变化,可能主要与重金属和生物炭之间相对较弱的结合机制有关.同时,磁性生物炭的添加改善了土壤的理化性质,其中pH值提高0.7个单位,脱氢酶活性提高6倍,过氧化氢酶活性和有机质分别提高37.06%和22.11%.     

牡蛎壳粉对酸性土壤的修复及其对镉的钝化作用研究

农业土壤重金属镉污染具有浓度低、面积大的特点,因此,原位钝化修复技术逐渐成为农业土壤镉污染治理的研究热点。针对目前农业土壤酸化及镉污染比较严重的状况,研究施加牡蛎壳粉对酸性土壤及镉形态转化的作用,以期达到对酸性镉污染土壤的修复。结果表明,添加5%、150目的牡蛎壳粉后,土壤p H值可由5.56提高至7.74;有效态镉含量由1.66 mg/kg降至0.801 mg/kg,钝化率达到51.7%。同时,交换态钙含量由0.998 g/kg升高至9.11 g/kg,可有效缓解酸性土壤钙流失的问题。对不同镉污染水平的土壤添加牡蛎壳粉后,镉的酸可溶态、可还原态和可氧化态分别降低了12.92%~20.97%、18.99%~31.10%和18.02%~47.80%,而残渣态则增加了124.2%~175.9%。因此,施加牡蛎壳粉可有效矫正土壤酸化的现象,并显著降低酸性土壤镉的生物活性,达到对镉钝化的效果。     

玉米秸秆生物炭对稻田土壤砷、镉形态的影响

通过室内土壤培养的方法模拟稻田土壤环境,研究淹水环境下添加(1%添加量)不同温度制备的玉米秸秆生物炭(CB-300、CB-400、CB-500)对砷、镉复合污染稻田土壤氧化还原电位(Eh)、pH值及不同形态砷、镉含量动态变化的影响.结果表明,热解温度会影响玉米秸秆生物炭的理化性质,热解温度由300℃升至500℃,玉米秸秆生物炭芳香性增加,亲水性和极性降低,灰分含量增加,pH值升高.淹水环境下添加玉米秸秆生物炭处理相比对照(CK)可提高土壤pH值0.20~1.24,升高幅度大小为CB-500CB-400CB-300CK,随着培养时间的延长,pH值趋于平衡状态;淹水环境下土壤氧化还原电位均迅速下降,且不同处理组间存在显著差异,生物炭制备温度越高下降效果越明显,培养至第96 d时氧化还原电位降到最低.CK、CB-300、CB-400、CB-500处理组弱酸可提取态镉含量由淹水前的73.55%分别降至63.46%、57.73%、54.50%、53.94%,随着培养时间的延长,土壤中弱酸可提取态及可氧化态镉逐渐向残渣态及可还原态镉转化.土壤pH值与弱酸可提取态镉含量之间呈显著负相关关系.淹水环境下土壤可交换态砷含量升高,玉米秸秆生物炭的施加导致土壤交换态、Ca-结合态、Al-结合态和Fe-结合态砷含量逐渐上升,上升幅度分别为75.68%、20.92%、13.49%、48.66%,残渣态砷含量下降;土壤pH值与交换态砷含量之间呈显著正相关关系.研究结果可为砷、镉复合污染稻田安全生产与阻控提供数据支持.     

生物炭固定化硫酸盐还原菌对镉污染土壤的钝化修复

为了探讨生物炭固定化硫酸盐还原菌对镉(Cd²⁺)污染土壤的钝化修复效果,以制备的小麦秸秆生物炭为载体固定硫酸盐还原菌,研究不同修复剂生物炭(XM700)、硫酸盐还原菌(SRB15-3-2)和生物炭固定化硫酸盐还原菌(IBXM700)对Cd²⁺污染土壤的钝化修复效果.结果表明,与XM700组和SRB15-3-2组相比,IBXM700组的修复效果最好(p<0.05),不同Cd²⁺浓度污染土壤修复45 d后,与CK组对比,IBXM700组Cd可交换态含量显著降低了31.26%,残渣态含量提高了91.20%;同时,IBXM700组土壤pH值提升0.37,速效磷、速效钾含量分别提升了37.86%、57.29%,土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别提升了50.22%、52.45%、11.61%和28.03%.研究表明,IBXM700能够有效钝化修复Cd污染土壤,提升土壤肥力,在土壤修复领域具有很大潜力.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.