传感器时间常数对温度场均匀度测试的影响研究

时间常数是衡量温度传感器动态测试性能的重要指标。本文分析了温度传感器时间常数对温度试验箱温度场的均匀度测试的影响，并提出了降低传感器时间常数对温度场均匀度测试影响的几点措施。     

湿度传感器在环境监测中的技术应用研究

湿度是大气环境的主要参数,利用湿度传感器对环境湿度的监测能够及时掌握环境状态。首先,分析湿度传感器的结构和工作原理,对湿度传感器接收的信号进行处理。其次,选择SHT10系列湿度传感器作为湿度监测设备,开展湿度传感器的校准。最后,针对大气湿度进行湿度试验,分析试验结果。结果显示,监测显示误差小于0.354 %RH,具有一定的监测精度,且P值均大于α,由此判断湿度传感器监测具有一定的一致性,能够符合大气环境湿度监测要求。     

碟形越浪式波能发电装置的三维数值模拟

基于计算流体力学软件的三维数值模拟技术,分析了碟形越浪式波能发电装置的越浪性能,通过构建基于水气两相VOF(Volume of Fluid)模型的三维数值波浪水槽对该装置进行三维数值模拟研究,数值计算结果与物理试验结果相互对比验证较为吻合,验证了所构建的三维数值波浪水槽的可靠性,通过考察装置的坡度、导流叶片个数、干舷高度对越浪性能的影响确定装置的最优结构参数。结果表明,在装置的斜坡面边缘增加回流板可减少波浪的反射,提高装置的越浪性能。在数值模拟中将装置的斜坡面边缘处安装回流板对碟形越浪式波能发电装置参数进行优化,通过分析回流板的长度对装置越浪性能的影响来探索最优回流板长度。     

自愈式交流电容器防止“放炮”的方法

自愈式交流电容器在使用出现放炮的质量问题。分析其原因是由于引出端喷金层的缺陷。研究其检测和改善喷金层缺陷的方法,从而推动改进喷金工艺和选用合适的喷金材料。为此提出采用脉冲老炼做为防止交流电容器放炮的方法。而且经过实践证明有明显的效果。建议在生产中对大电容值的电容器芯子应经过大电流脉冲老炼,然后优选装配为成品出厂,则将大大提高交流电容器使用的可靠性。     

浸没式MBR工艺在工程化应用中膜污染的三阶段特征研究

以国内某浸没式MBR再生水工程为研究对象,在次临界通量及恒抽吸流量运行条件下,系统跨膜压差表现为早期短暂升高、中期平稳上升及后期快速升高的三阶段特征。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察证明MBR系统在三阶段的膜污染层具有不同的水力学结构。结合各阶段膜污染的理论分析,将临界跨膜压差值(TMP)作为膜系统体外维护清洗的控制点,实现膜系统的长期稳定运行。     

基于“一证式”排污许可的点源环境管理制度整合研究

排污许可证制度作为污染源管理的一项基本制度,经过多年的探索实践,逐渐向一证管理的方向发展。以排污许可证制度为核心,统筹整合各项点源环境管理制度,可以实现对点源全周期的高效管理,对提升点源环境管理综合效能十分有效,也是当前排污许可证制度改革的重要内容。本文在对现有各项点源环境管理制度的执行局限进行详细分析的基础上,提出各项点源环境管理制度与基于"一证式"管理的排污许可证制度的衔接和整合方式,将排污许可证制度贯穿整个项目筹建期、建设及试运营期、正式运营期和停产修复期,把现有各项点源环境管理制度中对排污单位影响环境的开发、建设、经营等活动的管理要求通过排污许可证集中体现,强化排污单位持证排污、按证排污的法律要求,有效解决现有的其他点源环境管理制度仅作用于排污单位生存周期某一阶段的应用局限,全面改变现有点源环境管理制度各自为营的分散模式,重新构建了符合新时期环境保护工作需求的高效化、精细化点源环境管理制度体系。     

含油污泥堆肥式处理剂的研究

研制一种新型含油污泥处理剂——维生素D“协同”羟基磷酸钙诱导植物和动物纤维处理剂处理含油污泥.实验室评价及对某油田联合站原油储罐中含油污泥处理试验表明,该处理剂处理效果良好,堆放10 d后,能将污泥中96％以上的原油分解.     

微生物传感器的研究现状及在水环境监测中的应用

微生物传感器是一种迅速发展的环境监测手段。文章介绍了微生物传感器的构成及工作原理与研究现状,并对微生物传感器进行了分类。文章还讨论了微生物传感器在水环境监测中的应用,其中包括在BOD检测、有机物检测及生物毒性检测中的应用,并对其在实际监测应用中所遇问题进行了分析。     

浊度传感器应用于连续监测污水厂进水悬浮颗粒浓度的研究

为使城市污水处理厂更合理高效的运营,可对进水悬浮颗粒浓度的实时监测来实现。通过对进水水样的悬浮颗粒浓度测量值与相应浊度值建立的关系曲线,达到对污水处理厂进水悬浮颗粒浓度（mg／L）的连续实时监测。文中给出了浊度传感器的校准方法,并建立浊度-悬浮颗粒浓度关系曲线,将其应用于某城市污水处理厂,得到单位时间进水悬浮颗粒总量的实时连续图。     

“堂吉诃德式”的水利工程

计较人类得失,权衡长远利弊,是可持续生存的根本。——题记A时人都是塞万提斯窃以为近代人多半都具有塞万提斯的才能,所写照的自己,十之八九,多酷似那个骑     

提高环保投资水平的对策分析

通过对我国环境保护投资水平现状进行论述 ,就我国环保投资存在的问题 ,结合西方发达国家在这方面的经验及我国目前经济发展状况 ,对如何提高我国环保投资水平的途径及方向做了分析论述。     

Performance improvement potential of sensor embedded products in environmental supply chains

Environmental supply chain is a desirable alternative to traditional supply chain due to new and stricter environmental regulations by local governments and increasing consumer awareness towards environmental issues. The two most common types of environmental supply chains are reverse supply chains and closed-loop supply chains. In reverse or closed-loop supply chains, collected used products are subjected to one of four recovery options, viz., reuse, recycling, remanufacturing or disposal. Regardless of the chosen recovery option, all products are disassembled up to some level. However, there is a high level of uncertainty associated with the disassembly yield due to non-functional and/or missing components. Sensor embedded products (SEPs) is a viable approach to cope with this uncertainty since they involve sensors which can detect non-functional and/or missing components prior to disassembly. This study presents a quantitative assessment of the impact of SEPs on the various performance measures of a kanban-controlled disassembly line. First, separate design of experiments studies based on Orthogonal Arrays are carried out for conventional products and SEPs. Then, the results of paired t-tests comparing the two cases based on different performance measures are presented.     

Mainstreaming climate change adaptation at the local level

National authorities in many countries aim at having climate change adaptation mainstreamed into existing policy domains in order to achieve coherence and synergies, and to avoid mal-adaptation. Because of local variations in climate change impacts, the lion's share of climate adaptation work will have to take place at the local level. This means also that the mainstreaming process needs to occur locally. This article examines the mainstreaming of climate change adaptation into existing sectors in five Norwegian municipalities. Applying theories of mainstreaming and policy integration we find that policy development is slower, but perhaps more robust in the municipalities that have chosen a horizontal, cross-sectoral approach to mainstreaming than in the municipalities that have chosen a vertical sector approach to mainstreaming.     

塑造大学精神,建设"高水平大学"

2004年教育工作将突出两大战略重点,其中大力加强高水平大学和重点学科建设,是适应全面建设小康社会的要求,促进高等教育和职业教育与经济社会发展的紧密结合.文章从实践"三个代表"的高度,提出建设"一流大学"或"高水平大学"必须特别注重塑造大学精神;并立足教书育人,结合实际工作探讨了解决问题的对策.     

Sea level rise: Some implications for Tuvalu

Summary Much current evidence suggests that global temperatures are slowly increasing. It is believed that this increase will be associated with a sea level rise. Tuvalu, approximately 1000 km north of Fiji in the South Pacific Ocean, is one of six countries, all of them island states, that could face total destruction when sea levels rise. If sea level rises occur anywhere near the extreme projections that have been made, we can write these nations off the map. (Pernetta, 1988). This paper examines possible implications to the people of Tuvalu.James Lewis is a Fellow in Development Studies at the University of Bath, UK. This paper is based on the report of a field mission by the author on behalf of The Commonwealth Expert Group on Climate Change and Sea Level Rise (Lewis, 1988).Since submission of this article, James Lewis has taken part as a resource person at the Small States Conference on Sea Level Rise at Male, capital of the Maldives, 14th to 18th, November, 1989. A report of the Conference will be submitted for a subsequent issue ofThe Environmentalist.     

Application of integrated micro sensor in internal measurement of high temperature fuel cell

This study developed an integrated (flow, voltage, and temperature) micro sensor using the micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. It was inserted into the high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) for local real-time measurement. The integrated micro sensor is made of 40 µm thick stainless steel base material, and its protective layer is formed by polyimide (PI) that has better temperature resistance. The integrated micro sensor has three functions, and is favorably characterized by small size, good acid resistance and temperature resistance, quick response, real-time measurement, and being able to be put in any place for measurement. After calibration, and its reliability confirmed, the integrated micro sensor is inserted into the HT-PEMFC for local microcosmic measurement.     

Controlling runoff from subtropical pastures has differential effects on nitrogen and phosphorus loads

A 4-yr (2005-2008) study was conducted to evaluate the potential of pasture water management for controlling nutrient losses in surface runoff in the Northern Everglades. Two pasture water management treatments were investigated on Bahia grass ( Flüggé) pastures: reduced flow and unobstructed flow. The reduced flow treatment was applied to four of eight 20.23-ha pastures by installing water control structures in pasture drainage ditches with flashboards set at a predetermined height. Four other pastures received the unobstructed-flow treatment, in which surface runoff exited pastures unimpeded. Automated instruments measured runoff volume and collected surface water samples for nutrient analysis. In analyzing data for before-after treatment analysis, the 2005 results were removed because of structural failure in water control structures and the 2007 results were removed because of drought conditions. Pasture water retention significantly reduced annual total nitrogen (TN) loads, which were 11.28 kg ha and 6.28 kg ha, respectively, in pastures with unobstructed and reduced flow. Total phosphorus (TP) loads were 27% lower in pastures with reduced flow than in pastures with unobstructed flow, but this difference was not statistically significant. Concentrations of available soil P were significantly greater in pastures with reduced flow. Pasture water retention appears to be an effective approach for reducing runoff volume and TN loads from cattle pastures in the Northern Everglades, but the potential to reduce TP loads may be diminished if higher water table conditions cause increased P release from soils, which could result in higher P concentration in surface runoff.