利用电解锰渣激发制备矿渣基胶凝材料的研究

文章以电解金属锰渣(EMR)作为矿粉(GGBFS)的硫酸盐激发剂,并利用水泥熟料和生石灰作为碱性激发剂,制备了一种复合矿渣基胶凝材料。引入混料试验设计方法,以电解锰渣粉、熟料粉、石灰作为变量,固定矿粉百分比,以该材料体系的3、7、28 d的抗压强度作为响应指标,建立回归模型。对不同龄期的回归模型进行残差分析以及各项参数的显著性检验,表明模型参数可靠。通过对模型等值线图分析,各材料不同掺量与强度之间的变化规律更为直观。     

利用电解锰渣激发制备矿渣基胶凝材料的研究

以电解金属锰渣(EMR)作为矿粉(GGBFS)的硫酸盐激发剂,并利用水泥熟料(Clinker)和生石灰(Lime)作为碱性激发剂,制备一种复合矿渣基胶凝材料。引入混料试验设计方法,以电解锰渣粉、熟料粉、石灰作为变量,固定矿粉百分比,以该材料体系的3、7、28 d的抗压强度作为响应指标,建立回归模型。对不同龄期的回归模型进行残差分析以及各项参数的显著性检验,表明模型参数可靠。通过对模型等值线图分析,各材料不同掺量与强度之间的变化规律更为直观。     

利用电解锰渣激发制备矿渣基胶凝材料的研究

以电解金属锰渣(EMR)作为矿粉(GGBFS)的硫酸盐激发剂,并利用水泥熟料(Clinker)和生石灰(Lime)作为碱性激发剂,制备一种复合矿渣基胶凝材料。引入混料试验设计方法,以电解锰渣粉、熟料粉、石灰作为变量,固定矿粉百分比,以该材料体系的3、7、28 d的抗压强度作为响应指标,建立回归模型。对不同龄期的回归模型进行残差分析以及各项参数的显著性检验,表明模型参数可靠。通过对模型等值线图分析,各材料不同掺量与强度之间的变化规律更为直观。     

多固废耦合水泥制备C30混凝土性能研究

为实现工业固废的资源化利用,研究了以钢渣、水渣和脱硫石膏为原料制备的复合胶凝材料作为掺合料替代水泥制备C30混凝土。考察复合胶凝材料的掺入量对胶材标准稠度用水量、凝结时间、混凝土性能的影响。结果表明：净浆的标准稠度用水量和凝结时间与复合胶凝材料的掺入量呈正相关;所制备混凝土的抗压强度随着复合胶凝材料替代水泥量的增加而下降,全部使用胶凝材料制备混凝土试块的28 d抗压强度达到43.5 MPa,为水泥对照组的78.3%。钢渣微粉和脱硫石膏能够促进水渣水化生成钙钒石和水化硅酸钙等水化产物,起到良好的胶结作用,使得混凝土结构致密。该复合胶凝材料可替代部分水泥,减少CO₂排放,带来巨大的经济效益和环境效益,具有广阔的市场应用前景。     

铜尾矿与陶瓷抛光泥复合蒸压加气混凝土的制备及其性能研究

利用废弃物铜尾矿与抛光泥复合取代粉煤灰,与水泥、石灰、石膏等材料制备蒸压加气混凝土。重点研究了铜尾矿与陶瓷抛光泥的颗粒细度、掺加量、工艺参数等对蒸压加气混凝土砌块抗压强度、绝干密度等性能的影响,通过XRD、SEM对其微观机理进行研究。结果表明:铜尾矿与抛光泥粉磨时间为20 min时,铜尾矿的比表面积达到244.5 m2/kg,抛光泥比表面积为350.4 m2/kg。原材料中铜尾矿、抛光泥、水泥、石灰、石膏的质量比为45∶20∶10∶22∶3时,制备的砌块最大抗压强度达到5.1 MPa,平均抗压强度达到4.7 MPa,绝干密度低于625 kg/m3,达到A3.5,B06的蒸压加气混凝土砌块的要求。砌块中的托贝莫来石与C-S-H （B）等水化产物与未反应的石英相互致密穿插,使砌块的微观孔结构更加致密,砌块的抗压强度更高。     

电解锰矿渣制备免烧砖的试验研究

以电解锰渣、粉煤灰、石灰、水泥、砂为原料,经配方设计,制备了电解锰矿渣免烧砖,在洒水养护28天后,其抗压强度可保持在10MPa以上。研究表明,随着电解锰渣含量的减少,其锰渣砖抗压强度逐渐增强。原料的适宜配比为:电解锰渣40%、粉煤灰40%、生石灰10%、水泥10%,胶砂比为1.0,水固比为0.10。     

燃煤循环流化床锅炉灰、渣超微粉胶凝特性研究

针对燃煤循环流化床锅炉(CFB)灰渣资源化利用问题,利用超音速蒸汽粉磨机对CFB灰与渣进行超细化处理,对比研究了CFB灰、渣超微粉及其复配料的胶凝特性,包括抗压强度、标准稠度用水量、安定性、凝结时间等。结果表明:在保证满足P·F 42.5强度标准的前提下,CFB灰在水泥中的掺入量可达到40%,CFB灰超微粉为55%,CFB渣超微粉为25%,CFB灰与渣按照2∶1复配,超微粉的掺入量可达到40%;CFB灰渣超微粉的掺入,显著增加了水泥体系标准稠度用水量。且在掺入量高(≥70%)时会导致胶凝体系出现早凝现象,掺入量低(≤55%)时则体现出缓凝的作用。固废超微粉掺入导致水泥体系体积安定性变差,但仍满足GB 175—2020《通用硅酸盐水泥》标准要求(＜5 mm)。     

铬渣钡渣代替天然砂制作混凝土的研究

用铬渣、钡渣代替部分天然砂制作强度等级为C1 5的普通混凝土 ,混凝土的强度等级与钡渣、铬渣的加入量关系较大。用PO3 2 5标号水泥 ,铬、钡渣的质量代替砂子质量的 5 0 %时 ,混凝土的抗压强度达到 1 8 9MPa ,比普通混凝土设计的抗压强度提高 2 6% ,混凝土的收缩量为 1 / 3 0 0 ,优于国家标准 ,对混凝土作浸出毒性试验 ,Cr6 和Ba2 都远小于国家规定的标准值。     

尾矿添加量对加气混凝土性能的影响

通过实验,以金尾矿、石膏、水泥、石灰、铝粉等为原料,研究金尾矿添加量对加气混凝土性能的影响。分析认为,不同的配合比,不仅关系到产品的经济效益,还会对产品的性能有显著影响。实验得出能提高尾矿利用率的最优尾矿添加量为64.8%,最佳配比为:金尾矿64.8%、石灰16.2%、水泥14.2%、石膏4.7%、铝粉0.1%。     

历史遗留铅锌冶炼废渣的综合利用技术研究

基于铅锌冶炼废渣的基本情况以及对环境的危害性,针对铅锌废渣的资源化技术,选取云南省会泽县历史遗留铅锌冶炼过程产生的水淬渣作为研究对象,开展铅锌水淬渣的综合利用方案研究。重点介绍选铁、道路水稳层利用等研究工作:磁选-重选实验表明水淬渣选铁效果不佳;水淬渣用于道路水稳层实验研究证实水淬渣作细集料,其掺加量达15%时,道路水稳层强度可满足普通公路要求。同时,对膏体充填、生产水泥以及免烧砖的资源化利用方案进行了介绍。以期为铅锌冶炼废渣的资源化提供技术支撑和理论指导。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.