绿色供应链管理实践进展、困境及破解对策

绿色供应链管理作为一种创新型的环境管理方式,在企业供应链绿色化水平提升方面发挥着重要作用.在美、日、欧发达国家和地区绿色供应链实践日趋成熟的同时,作为全球第一制造大国的中国,同样认识到了绿色供应链管理的重要性,通过制度建设和试点示范等工作,为全球绿色供应链实践贡献了中国力量.但由于存在企业对绿色供应链管理认识不足、开展...     

云南烟草行业绿色供应链环境管理研究

开展绿色供应链环境管理示范研究,其本质是实现产业绿色升级。烟草行业产业链涉及一、二、三等产业,产业链覆盖面积广,影响范围大,选定烟草行业开展绿色供应链环境管理试点。通过项目实施,形成了《烟草行业绿色供应链环境管理实施指南》《烟草行业绿色供应链环境管理评价指标体系》《烟草行业绿色供应链环境管理试点成果集》和《绿色供应链环境管理服务平台》等成果,得到了核心企业的认可。     

钢铁企业绿色供应链影响因素测度研究

通过调查中国主要大型钢铁企业绿色供应链管理实施现状,从直接和间接两方面分析其实施绿色供应链管理的影响因素,引入总效益作为中间变量,运用因子分析和结构方程模型对影响其实施绿色供应链管理的因素作用机理进行实证研究。研究结果表明:绿色供应链总效益驱动是钢铁企业开展绿色供应链管理的主要动因;政府支持与推动则是影响钢铁企业开展供应链绿色化战略直接且重要的外部推动因素;外部相关主体推动、企业内部驱动与企业内部制约是通过影响绿色供应链总效益进而影响钢铁企业供应链绿色化战略,且企业内部驱动效果不显著,而内部制约效果却较为明显。该文的研究成果可应用于促进中国钢铁企业积极开展绿色供应链管理。     

我国绿色供应链管理法律政策进展及完善建议

开展绿色供应链管理工作,有助于推动供应链上下游企业改进环境管理,降低产品全生命周期的环境不利影响。近些年我国出台的一些法律政策,对于推动企业开展绿色供应链管理工作起到积极推动作用。但由于我国法律政策实践起步较晚,存在着法律政策体系分散、相关规定缺失、配套措施不健全、激励效果不明显等问题,对于企业开展此项工作的引导作用有限。通过出台专门立法或高位阶政策,加强回收利用及环境信息公开等关键制度建设,用好财税金融法律政策,可以引导更多企业参与,推进绿色供应链管理。     

我国绿色供应链管理试点及其完善——基于碳达峰与碳中和视角的分析

通过绿色供应链管理试点,可以调动企业打造绿色供应链的积极性,引领工业绿色发展。随着试点工作的深入推进,越来越多的企业开始打造绿色供应链,并探索形成了一些可复制推广的创新做法。在碳达峰与碳中和背景下,绿色供应链管理实践发生了新的变化:管理内容从“小绿色”转向“大绿色”;管理对象从“部分”扩充至“全体”;管理要求从“浅绿”走向“深绿”。通过不断完善试点工作,加强对试点企业的引导和帮扶,可以推动形成供应链上大、中、小企业协同减碳的新模式。     

我国绿色供应链管理试点及其完善——基于碳达峰与碳中和视角的分析

通过绿色供应链管理试点,可以调动企业打造绿色供应链的积极性,引领工业绿色发展。随着试点工作的深入推进,越来越多的企业开始打造绿色供应链,并探索形成了一些可复制推广的创新做法。在碳达峰与碳中和背景下,绿色供应链管理实践发生了新的变化：管理内容从“小绿色”转向“大绿色”;管理对象从“部分”扩充至“全体”;管理要求从“浅绿”走向“深绿”。通过不断完善试点工作,加强对试点企业的引导和帮扶,可以推动形成供应链上大、中、小企业协同减碳的新模式。     

尴尬的绿色供应链

正东莞市某企业坦言,未雨绸缪地进行绿色供应链的管理,属于企业社会责任的层面,最终执行的效果要看企业的重视程度。"大部分企业已经受到各种来自政府和环境的压力,有动机开展绿色供应链管理工作,但实践水平普遍很低,更没有获得明显的环境、经济效益。"通过走访和查阅资料,记者发现,虽然目前绿色供应链的发展理念被普遍接受和认同,但在实际实施的过程中却不尽如人意。"绿"的程度,企业说了算"绿色供应链管理是一种全新的管理理念,它要求企业着眼于长     

实施电商行业绿色供应链管理助推绿色消费升级

推进电商行业建立和实施绿色供应链管理是高质量发展对电商行业的内在需求。本文总结了近年来绿色供应链管理实践进展,并以典型电商行业企业阿里巴巴网络技术有限公司作为案例,分析了实施绿色供应链产生的成效与问题,基于电商行业绿色供应链管理的现状和需求,提出要强化绿色供应链的环境绩效评估制度建设,加大财政金融政策激励,推进管理模式试点示范,推进绿色供应商管理、强化绿色生产和绿色回收体系等政策建议。     

多方参与下的绿色供应链金融模式研究

绿色供应链和绿色金融作为行之有效的市场手段,在我国改革开放四十年以来的环境治理中起到了重要的作用,在多个地区和领域积累了丰富的实践经验。在新时代社会发展和环境管理体系建设的新阶段,绿色供应链和绿色金融的有机结合,将对加快生态文明建设和达成中华民族永续发展至关重要。本文总结梳理了当前绿色供应链和绿色金融发展的现状和存在的问题,并分析了绿色供应链金融可以作为突破环境管理瓶颈手段的原因,创造性地提出多方参与下的绿色供应链金融新模式,为政府、金融机构和企业的环境管理决策提供参考。     

我国现阶段建设绿色供应链的思路与方法

分析对比了我国与发达国家的绿色供应链在时代背景、针对问题和思路方法等方面的不同,明确了我国现阶段特殊的环境形势、管理需求、市场需求、全社会环境意识等方面的基础条件。在此基础上,结合"双高"产品名录、企业环境信用、环保领跑者等对产品和企业进行绿色程度评估与区分的相关基础工作的进展和成果,提出了先期构建"高低分明"的绿色供应链的政策框架与方法路径。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.