论我国城市污水厂建设和处理技术的发展方向

在分析我国城市污水处理厂建设和发展现状的基础上，结合目前城市建设和经济发展的现状及趋势，提出了我国今后城市污水处理厂建设和处理技术的几点主要发展方向：一是合理规划、分期建设以二级处理为目标的集中型城市污水处理厂；二是因地制宜推广应用低投资、低能耗、与生态处理相结合的具有深度处理功能的半自然化及新型处理工艺；三是积极或水道技术的研究和应用。     

微污染水源水的控制技术

饮用水水源的污染日益严重,对人类的健康和传统净水工艺都构成了较大的威胁,更加剧了水资源的危机,文中阐述了近年来我国处理微污染水源水的主要技术,强化混凝处理技术,臭氧活性炭联用深度处理技术,生物活性炭深度处理技术,光催化氧化法技术,膜法深度处理技术,吸附预处理技术,生物预处理技术等,并给出了各种处理方法的优缺点。     

印染废水生物活性炭深度处理后的回用研究

介绍了将印染废水经生物活性炭深度处理后回用于印染小试实验中，进行布面质量比较，主要针对回用水质对前后工序的影响、染色深度对布面质量的影响、不同水质的影响、染色种类的影响等，并提出印染废水深度处理后的回用途径以及技术改进措施。     

高级氧化污泥深度脱水技术研究进展

污泥脱水是污泥处理中的一个重要环节,可以减少污泥容量,削减污泥运输和最终处置费用。基于目前污泥处理中污泥脱水的现状,综述了几种高级氧化法对污泥深度脱水的研究进展,包括臭氧氧化法,Fenton、类Fenton氧化法和过硫酸盐氧化法;并展望了污泥脱水技术的发展与应用前景,以期为高级氧化技术在污泥深度脱水理论研究及工程应用提供技术参考。     

固定化细胞技术用于废水深度处理

固定化（主要为固定化细胞）技术，由于降解效率高，抗逆性强等优点。在废水处理中应用广泛。本文主要介绍了近年来固定化细胞技术在污水深度处理中的应用研究现状和发展前景。     

膜技术在桶（瓶）装饮用水生产中的应用

我国自来水厂沿袭的传统给水工艺和给水管网本身存在的实际问题导致城市自来水的现状是：感官质量差、有机物含量高、有时甚至具有致突变性。这一现状刺激并加速了我国饮用水产业及给水深度处理技术的发展。与常规饮用水处理工艺相比，膜技术具有少投甚至不投加化学药剂、占地面积小、便于实现自动化等特点~（［１］），已大量应用于城市自来水的深度处理上。本文论述当前桶装饮用水生产中应用膜技术的现状、优质饮用水的概念及优质饮用水生产中膜技术的选用和使用等问题。１膜技术在饮用水深度处理中的应用概况１．１微滤微滤（ＭＦ）也可…     

浙江省城镇污水处理厂二次提标现状、工艺技术及工程案例研究

针对浙江省城镇污水处理厂二次提标的迫切需求,从浙江省城镇污水处理厂的背景、工艺以及存在问题等方面进行了研究,同时研究了预处理技术、生物强化技术以及深度处理技术的发展现状和进展,并借助具有代表性的案例剖析了不同技术在污水处理厂二次提标中的工程应用,为浙江省下一步城镇污水处理厂的深度提标改造提供了技术借鉴和支撑。     

中和-氧化-絮凝调节法处理硫酸废水

从技术经济角度分析探讨了含砷硫酸生产废水的中和-氧化-絮凝调节法处理工艺的可行性。结果表明，处理这类废水，所用中和剂和氧化剂分别以废氨水和双氧水为佳，并针对废水本身的理化特性进行絮凝调节法深度处理，效果明显，工艺流程简便可行，具有显著的环境和经济效益。     

深度氧化技术（AOTs）及其在污水处理中的应用

介绍了深度氧化技术「ＡＯＴｓ」的原理，该技术的关键然团ＯＨ产生的不同及其在不处理工艺中的应用情况，尤其是用于处理垃圾填埋渗滤液的效果。     

吸附法用于印染废水深度处理和脱色的研究和应用

介绍了吸附剂在印染废水深度处理中的研究与应用，研究表明新型、廉价高效、因地制宜的吸附材料的开切和吸附法和优化组合新工艺是一项很有前途的技术。     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

Comparison of methods for evaluation of activity of photocatalytic films

Objective

This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.

Method

The photocatalytic TiO₂ coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (Activ^TM and BioClean^TM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.

Results

The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films.     

Impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of India

India has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. These resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. The present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern India, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (Penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. Indiscriminate exploitation of these resources leads to a heavy reduction of the species concerned and other associated marine communities. The magnitude of such destruction has been quantified. The impacts of biodiversity loss and their after-effects on the ecobalance of this coastal system have become a matter of great concern to ecologists to maintain security and sustainability. The authors propose a public awareness program on themes relating to the importance of biodiversity for human livelihoods.