信息技术在农田施肥管理中的应用

综述了目前国外精准农业的主要技术理论,着重围绕其在农田施肥管理中的应用,讨论基于GPS、GIS应用的农田施肥管理系统的开发和应用,提出精准农业技术理论在我国农田施肥管理中的应用设想。     

论沉水植物在园林景观中的应用

着眼于沉水植物在园林景观中的应用,通过分析其在现阶段景观应用中的不足与难点,总结沉水植物在应用及管理上相对其他植物种群较落后的原因,从而提出了沉水植物在园林水景中的配置原则与多种造景模式,为推进沉水植物在今后园林景观中的应用提供可行的参考依据.     

水环境污染源解析研究进展

流域河流水污染问题日益严重,水环境污染源解析的研究与应用对防治水污染具有重要意义.综合国内外水环境污染源解析研究与应用的进展,综述了应用于水环境不同类型污染物源解析的主要理论方法和应用模型;论述了多元统计模型和化学质量平衡法的优缺点、适用范围及应用现状;最后对源解析方法的发展趋势及在水环境中的应用加以展望,指出过去的研究主要是水环境中持久性污染物源解析方法,以后应加强对水环境中非持久性污染源解析的研究,在水环境源解析技术方面,应加强对各类污染源成分谱等基础性研究.     

地市生态环境分区管控体系应用实践与探索——以广东省佛山市为例

2021年,广东省21地市“三线一单”(生态保护红线、环境质量底线、资源利用上线以及生态环境准入清单)成果陆续发布,标志着广东省“三线一单”正式进入成果实施应用阶段。按照广东省要求,地市是实施“三线一单”生态环境分区管控的主体,应积极开展成果实施应用,归纳总结有效举措和做法,拓展在各领域的应用路径。以佛山市为例,在介绍佛山“三线一单”编制技术方法、成果及特点的基础上,基于“三线一单”实践与探索,提出成果落地应用过程中存在的问题,并提出加强“三线一单”多路径应用的建议,以期为其他地市推动生态环境分区管控实践应用工作提供参考。     

个人计算机在工业环境管理中的应用

本文评述了个人计算机在工业环境管理中的一些新应用。这些包括计算密集型应用、面向情报的应用和图形处理应用,以及涉及实时通讯和控制的应用。文中提到一些软件产品。     

荧光量子点在神经毒理学研究中的应用及前景

如今纳米生物技术的研究正以迅猛的势头不断发展。量子点作为一种新型的纳米荧光探针,由于其优越的光电学特性在生物学和毒理学领域有着广阔的应用前景。神经毒理学作为毒理学的一个重要分支,量子点的应用也给该领域带来了技术上的革命。本文重点阐述了量子点作为一种新型单分子技术和一种优秀的荧光探针在神经毒理学研究中的应用。同时,作者还简要介绍了量子点进入机体神经系统的途径和影响其应用的一些因素,为今后量子点的生物安全性研究和更好地应用提供了有价值的参考。     

基于服务式GIS的区域环境信息系统集成技术与应用

利用面向服务的技术（SOA）,建立环境管理基础数据库系统,实现环境污染源和环境质量信息的共享与应用;利用GIS和数据库技术建立环境污染源与环境质量的分析系统。围绕污染源及其不同应用层次的数据研究建立深层次的挖掘展示与应用平台,并尝试分析了污染源对环境质量的影响。     

珠江三角洲农业现代化指标体系应用研究--以广州市白云区神山镇为例

研究应用定量化的珠江三角洲农业现代化标准评价体系,对神山镇进行农业现代化评价与规划,同时探讨构建适宜该镇农业生产的农业生态系统应用模式.     

欢迎订阅 欢迎投稿《应用与环境生物学报》(双月刊)

《应用与环境生物学报》由中国科学院主管、中国科学院成都生物研究所主办、科学出版社出版,国内外公开发行,是我国应用生物学和环境生物学的核心刊物,主要报道生物学及相关学科在资源开发利用与持续发展、环境整治、退化生态系统的恢复与重建,以及在农、林、牧、医、能源、轻工、食品等领域的基础研究、应用基础研究和应用研究的新成果、新技术、新方法和新进展,包括研究论文、研究简报和本刊邀约的综述或述评,读者对象主要为本学科的科研人员、大专院校师生和科研管理干部。     

长沙酒店室内植物景观中的植物材料调查

在对长沙20多家不同星级酒店应用植物材料进行调查中,对植物的种类和频度进行了归纳和总结:20个酒店室内所用的植物有90种左右,其中占总用量48.54%的室内植物依次集中在天南星科(14.73%)、龙舌兰科(9.11%)、棕榈科(8.98%)、百合科(6.74%)、大戬科(4.49%)和桑科(4.49%)等6个科的42个属中.调查中发现长沙各个星级酒店应用的植物种类差异较大,应用20种以上的酒店都是四星级、五星级的酒店,三星级酒店植物应用种类在10种左右.对长沙酒店室内植物材料的应用特色进行了分析和探讨,得出长沙酒店室内植物以观叶植物为主、注重室内植物体量问题、注重室内植物的文化特征等结论,提出了长沙酒店室内植物应用需增加室内植物品种,增加观花、观果植物种类并应增强植物的养护管理等建议.图12,参10.     

Auf der Suche nach den Treibstoffen der Zukunft

The climatically-relevant emission of CO₂ which results from motor vehicle traffic offers a challenge for the automobile industry to produce highly efficient and economical motor vehicles. Furthermore, the production of fuels from regenerative energies may provide a more significant contribution over the long-term to make our mobility more compatible to the climate and to reduce our dependence on crude oil importation. Substantial reductions in emissions can be achieved through the application of regenerative fuels, especially in combination with more energy-efficient hybrid or fuel-cell vehicles, or through the addition of biogenic components to conventional fuels. Coordinated efforts between the automobile industry, the energy industries and the responsible politicians are mandatory in order to achieve ecologically-tolerable motor vehicle traffic.     

LFG控制利用工程基本参数的试验研究

通过深圳市玉龙坑垃圾填埋场的现场抽气试验。本文进行了填埋气本安全控制与回收利用工程基本参数的研究。     

Modeling and simulation of landfill gas production from pretreated MSW landfill simulator

The cumulative landfill gas (LFG) production and its rate were simulated for pretreated municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill using four models namely first order exponential model, modified Gompertz model, single component combined growth and decay model and Gaussian function. Considering the behavior of the pretreated MSW landfill, a new multi component model was based on biochemical processes that occurring in landfilled pretreated MSW. The model was developed on the basis of single component combined growth and decay model using an anaerobic landfill simulator reactor which treats the pretreated MSW. It includes three components of the degradation i.e. quickly degradable, moderately degradable and slowly degradable. Moreover, the developed model was statistically analyzed for its goodness of fit. The results show that the multi components LFG production model is more suitable in comparison to the simulated models and can efficiently be used as a modeling tool for pretreated MSW landfills. The proposed model is likely to give assistance in sizing of LFG collection system, generates speedy results at lower cost, improves cost-benefit analysis and decreases LFG project risk. It also indicates the stabilization of the landfill and helps the managers in the reuse of the landfill space. The proposed model is limited to aerobically pretreated MSW landfill and also requires the values of delay times in LFG productions from moderately and slowly degradable fractions of pretreated MSW.     

Life cycle analysis and choice of natural gas-based automotive alternative fuels in Chongqing Municipality, China

Road transport produces significant amounts of emissions by using crude oil as the primary energy source. A reduction of emissions can be achieved by implementing alternative fuel chains. The objective of this study is to carry out an economic, environmental and energy (EEE) life cycle study on natural gas-based automotive fuels with conventional gasoline in an abundant region of China. A set of indices of four fuels/vehicle systems on the basis of life cycle are assessed in terms of impact of EEE, in which natural gas produces compressed natural gas (CNG), methanol, dimethylether (DME) and Fischer Tropsch diesel (FTD). The study included fuel production, vehicle production, vehicle operation, infrastructure and vehicle end of life as a system for each fuel/vehicle system. A generic gasoline fueled car is used as a baseline. Data have been reviewed and modified based on the best knowledge available to Chongqing local sources. Results indicated that when we could not change electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles into commercial vehicles on a large scale, direct use of CNG in a dedicated or bi-fuel vehicle is an economical choice for the region which is most energy efficient and more environmental friendly. The study can be used to support decisions on how natural gas resources can best be utilized as a fuel/energy resource for automobiles, and what issues need to be resolved in Chongqing. The models and approaches for this study can be applied to other regions of China as long as all the assumptions are well defined and modified to find a substitute automotive energy source and establish an energy policy in a specific region.     

Bioenergy recovery from landfill gas: A case study in China

Landfill gas (LFG) utilization which means a synergy between environmental protection and bioenergy recovery was investigated in this study. Pressure swing adsorption technology was used in LFG purification, and laboratory experiment, pilot-scale test, and on-site demonstration were carried out in Shenzhen, China. In the laboratory experiment, A-type carbon molecular sieve was selected as the adsorbent by comparison of several other adsorbents. The optimal adsorption pressure and adsorption time were 0.25 MPa and 2 min, respectively, under which the product generation rate was 4.5 m³/h and the methane concentration was above 90%. The process and optimization of the pilot-scale test were also reported in the paper. The product gas was of high quality compared with the National Standard of Compressed Natural Gas as Vehicle Fuel (GB18047-2000), when the air concentration in feed gas was under 10.96%. The demonstration project was composed of a collection system, production system, and utilization system. The drive performance, environmental protection performance, and economic feasibility of the product gas — as alternative fuel in passenger car, truck, and bulldozer—were tested, showing the feasibility technology for LFG utilization.     

Modified landfill gas generation rate model of first-order kinetics and two-stage reaction

This investigation was carried out to establish a new domestic landfill gas (LFG) generation rate model that takes into account the impact of leachate recirculation. The first-order kinetics and two-stage reaction (FKTSR) model of the LFG generation rate includes mechanisms of the nutrient balance for biochemical reaction in two main stages. In this study, the FKTSR model was modified by the introduction of the outflow function and the organic acid conversion coefficient in order to represent the in-situ condition of nutrient loss through leachate. Laboratory experiments were carried out to simulate the impact of leachate recirculation and verify the modified FKTSR model. The model calibration was then calculated by using the experimental data. The results suggested that the new model was in line with the experimental data. The main parameters of the modified FKTSR model, including the LFG production potential (L₀), the reaction rate constant in the first stage (K₁), and the reaction rate constant in the second stage (K₂) of 64.746 L, 0.202 d⁻¹, and 0.338 d⁻¹, respectively, were comparable to the old ones of 42.069 L, 0.231 d⁻¹, and 0.231 d⁻¹. The new model is better able to explain the mechanisms involved in LFG generation.     

PM2.5: global progress in controlling the motor vehicle contribution

It is well established that ambient particles in the size range of 2.5 microns or less case a wide variety of adverse health effects. According to a recent study from the World Health Organization, in 2010 these effects resulted in approximately 3.2million premature deaths with vehicles being one of the significant contributors. Diesel vehicle particulate emissions which are virtually all smaller than 2.5 microns raise additional special concerns due to their carcinogenicity and high ratio of black carbon （BC） to organic carbon; black carbon has recently been found to be the second most important contributor to climate change after carbon dioxide. Other pollutants emitted by diesels and other vehicles such as the oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds also contribute to ambient particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns in size （PM2.5） after undergoing secondary transformations in the atrno- sphere. Technologies have dramatically reduce vehicle been developed that can emissions when clean, low sulfur fuels are available and these technologies are being phased in throughout the industrialized world resulting in a global decrease in particulate matter （PM） and BC emissions from vehicles. However the vehicle population is growing rapidly in the developing world, leading to increases in emissions in many countries. Unless these rapidly industrializing countries move to state of the art vehicles and clean fuels, global PM, BC and NOx emissions from road vehicles will start to turn up over the next 10 to 15 years.     

美国汽车清洁燃料研究发展

本文简要介绍了美国汽车清洁燃料和汽油替代燃料的研究和发展状况，内容涉及美国政府对发展汽车清洁燃料的战略、政策、立法和有关发展计划，清洁燃料的类型和种类及应用情况，以及存在的主要问题和未来的发展方向。     

燃用甲醇燃料的发动机尾气排放

本文主要报导了在二冲程、四冲程汽油机及柴油机上燃用甲醇-汽油混合燃料、M_(100)甲醇燃料的发动机尾气排放方面所做的研究,并与燃用汽油、柴油的尾气排放进行了对照。结果表明,无论是甲醇-汽油混合燃料,还是M_(100)甲醇燃料尾气排放,都较汽油、柴油尾气排放的常规污染物,均有不同程度的减少。因此,应用甲醇燃料对改善环境是有益的。     

Deponiegas

Investigations were performed concerning whether or not the composition of volatile halogenated carbons in landfill gas (LFG) change when they uncontrolledly leave the aerobic surface of landfill. For this reason, the aerobic biological degradation of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), chlorofluorohydrocarbons (HCFCs), and vinyl chloride (VC), which were often measured in LFG of old household-landfills, was investigated. In 1-liter and 126-liter laboratory test reactors, the aerobic milieu conditions of the surface of landfills were simulated. Air with methane and trichlorofluoromethane (R11), dichlorodifluoromethane (R12), and their reductive metabolites dichlorofluoromethane (R21), chlorodifluoromethane (R22), and vinyl chloride (VC) were continuosly pumped through marl and a mixture of biowaste and compost. R21, R22, and VC were degraded, probably cometabolically by methanotrophic bacteria. They have inhibited the methane oxidation. The degradation rates of R21 (only in biowaste and compost) and R22 were up to 2.8 and 10 mg/m³ _material/h, respectively. The maximum degradation rate of VC was 1,3000 mg/m³ _material/h in marl. Under aerobic milieu conditions, a biodegradation of R11 and R12 was not detected.