浅析胶莱盆地边缘层间滑动断层构造及其控矿机制

层间滑动断层构造产出于胶莱拉分盆地边部莱阳组砾岩与下伏下元古界荆山群变质岩系的不整合面上 ,是胶莱盆地东北缘蓬家夼和发云夼层间滑动角砾岩型金矿化的主要部位。层间滑动断层是在中生代白垩纪期间中国东部古板块和郯庐断裂构造活动造成的区域大地构造背景下 ,在胶莱走滑拉分盆地的形成过程中产生的。在层间滑动断层由张性应力环境向挤压应力环境过渡过程中 ,源于地壳深部的金矿成矿流体 ,与大气降水混合形成工业金矿体 ,金矿化主要发生在构造角砾岩及碎裂岩的胶结物内 ,金矿化类型和强度具有明显的对称性。层间滑动断层以其产出于特定的部位、产状、成因及控矿机制的不同与其它伸展作用形成的断裂构造相区别。     

广西凭祥地区金矿床地质地球化学特征研究

凭祥地区金矿床受断层构造与酸性火山岩的双重控制。围岩蚀变为黄铁矿化、绢云母化、硅化等。矿床的形成经历了两个成矿期 :热液成矿期与表生氧化期。热液成矿期金由热液迁移至围岩 ,被黄铁矿与毒砂吸附。表生氧化期黄铁矿与毒砂氧化形成氧化铁矿物 ,金被吸附到氧化铁矿物之上得到富集。对矿化岩石与围岩的微量元素与稀土元素分析结果表明 ,本区金矿以Au As Sb Hg组合为特征 ,As是金的找矿指示元素。根据金矿床的矿物组合与微量元素特征以及矿床地质条件推测 ,本区金矿床属低温热液矿床 ,形成时代为燕山期。     

云南墨江金矿床成矿作用探讨

云南墨江金矿床位于“三江”褶皱带哀牢山板块结合带北段的墨江 -九甲断裂带中。矿体分布于金厂超基性岩体西侧的金厂组烂山段含火山物质的硅质岩、变余粉砂岩和板岩中 ,矿体由含金石英脉、含金硅质岩组成 ,金矿体受层位和岩性控制。在矿区还分布晚于金矿化形成的镍矿体。金镍矿体共同存在于同一矿区 ,矿区围岩蚀变种类多 ,与金矿化有关的围岩蚀变主要有硅化、黄铁矿化等。矿体的空间分布与穿插关系表明 ,金成矿作用开始于晚三叠世以前。含金硅质岩具有沉积作用形成的地质特征 ,其稀土元素、氧、硅同位素地球化学特征与热水沉积作用形成的硅质岩一致 ;含金石英脉的矿物组成、结构和构造特征、稀土元素、硅同位素、微量元素组成与含金硅质岩相似 ,可能与硅质岩具有相似物质来源或形成作用。金矿石中金与镍、铬等元素的相关性很低。推断金矿床成矿作用可能开始于中石炭世含金硅质岩的热水沉积作用 ,在早三叠世以前 ,成矿热液通过充填和交代作用在硅质岩和上部的岩石中形成含金石英脉。后来的区域变质作用、超基性岩自变质作用及镍矿化作用可能使金矿体的金含量提高 ,但没有产生具有工业意义的独立金矿化。     

福建尤溪肖板金矿控矿构造特征及其对矿化的控制

肖板金矿床控矿构造是在变质岩构造基础上发育起来的蒲洋变质核杂岩构造之北西侧的剥离构造－低角度正断层系，具有产状平缓、延伸稳定、明显穿切变质岩片理等特征，为以压扭性为主的韧脆性变形，上盘向北西运动，构造岩以千枚岩或构造片岩为主。低角度断层是重要的储矿构造，其控制了矿体的形态、产状、规模和分布，其压扭性力学性质决定了交代为主的矿化蚀变类型，而且在成矿过程中也起到地球化学界面作用。     

青海省巴硬格莉沟—哇沿河多金属矿化带稳定同位素地质与成矿物质来源

通过对青海省巴硬格莉沟—哇沿河多金属成矿带大量矿石及围岩的硫、氢、氧、碳、铅等稳定同位素测试及分析 ,指出该区成矿物质主要来源于幔源物质与壳源物质的混合 ,成矿与矿带外围印支期 (局部包括少量早燕山期 )二长花岗岩及下元古界达肯大坂群大理岩、二云斜长片麻岩关系密切 ,成矿热液具有混合热液性质 ,主要为岩浆水与变质水的混合 ,并有一定量的大气降水加入。因此构造 (哇洪山断裂带及其派生构造 )、岩体 (印支及早燕山期二长花岗岩 )、地层 (达肯大坂群二云斜长片麻岩、大理岩 )“三位一体”是本区多金属找矿工作的有利部位 ,在今后的找矿勘探中应予以重视。     

额尔古纳地区中生代火山岩形成的动力学环境

通过对额尔古纳地区中生代火山岩新的岩石化学、微量元素、构造等方面的分析， 表明该地区中生代火山岩（主要指塔木兰沟组（Ｊ_３ｔ）火山岩、上库力组（Ｋ_１ｓ）火山岩是形成在的明 显的挤压环境中；再结合区域构造、区域岩浆作用、古地磁特征和稳定同位素分析，笔者得出以 下认识；１、该区中生代火山岩岩浆来源较深（幔源）；岩浆是挤压背景下，“减压－剪切”作用的产 物，而不是裂谷环境中的产物，从而使得岩浆在演化过程中混入了大量的壳源物质；２、中生代火 山活动大致分两个亚族回，其中塔木兰沟组（Ｊ_３ｔ）火山岩和上库力组（Ｋ_１Ｓ）火山岩是同一岩浆亚 族回的产物，并构成一个完整的亚族回。     

赣东北地区浅变质岩岩石地层单位划分及沉积构造背景分析

赣东北地区浅变质岩地层非常发育，构造十分复杂，“九五”期间在此区开展1：5万区域地质调查发现：大致以景德镇-鹅湖断裂以南，塔前-赋春断裂以北，浅变质岩以一套碎屑岩为主夹菱铁矿、碳酸盐和火山碎屑沉积；塔前-赋春断裂以南，香屯-太白寺断裂以北变质岩主要以火山碎屑岩为主夹中基性熔岩、碎屑岩沉积。根据沉积构造环境分析，前者为正常海相沉积，后者为裂谷环境沉积，分别代表两个不同时期，不同构造环境沉积的产物。     

甘肃小西弓金矿床成矿物质来源和含矿流体运移轨迹同位素示踪

小西弓矿床是北山地区最重要的金矿床。金矿化在中元古代糜棱岩化绿片岩和长英片岩中呈脉状或蚀变岩团块产出,并且同海西期花岗岩类侵入岩体具密切时空联系。详细的硫、氧、氢和铅同位素研究结果表明,金矿床成矿物质和含矿流体主要来自海西期花岗岩类侵入岩、中元古代变质岩地层与大气降水。晚古生代时期,哈萨克斯坦—北山与塔里木板块沿柳园—大奇山深大断裂发生碰撞与地体拼贴,其中挤压与伸展转换期的构造变形作用不仅致使前海西期岩体(层)发生深熔,形成花岗质熔浆,而且诱发含矿流体向低温与低压构造破碎带运移,进而形成小西弓金矿床。     

Metamorphic evolution of eclogite and associated garnet-mica schist in the high-pressure metamorphic Maksyutov complex, Ural, Russia

Metasedimentary garnet-mica schists are interlayered with metabasic garnet–omphacite schists and enclose eclogite boudins in the high-pressure metamorphic Maksyutov complex in the Southern Urals, Russia. These three rock types were investigated in one outcrop and compared chemographically and thermobarometrically. The Fe/Mg distributions between garnet rim–omphacite and garnet rim–phengite pairs indicate different equilibration temperatures for the three samples, with the lowest temperature (500°C, >1.5 GPa) for the eclogite boudin, an intermediate temperature (630°C, >1.7 GPa) for the foliated eclogite and the highest temperature (650°C, >1.7 GPa) for the garnet-mica schist. The garnets in garnet-mica schist enclose abundant chloritoid relics and the Fe/Mg distribution between chloritoid and garnet records an earlier high-temperature stage (650°C, >2.0 GPa) before the garnet rim–phengite temperatures were reached. Together with some minimum- and maximum-pressure estimates three different prograde pressure–temperature paths and a common retrograde metamorphic evolution are interpreted from the chemographic and thermobarometric data. The different early metamorphic evolutions and conditions confirm the variability of protoliths, which are also indicated by different U/Pb zircon and rutile ages.     

Tertiary metallogenesis in the Eastern Alps: the Waldenstein hematite deposit (Austria)

The specularite deposit at Waldenstein is an epigenetic replacement/vein-type hematite mineralization with distinct alteration zones. It is situated in highly metamorphosed schists and, gneisses of the Koralm Crystalline Complex. Sericitization and chloritization are strictly bound to this alteration and occur within a few meters of the hematite veins. Radiometric dating of the sericitization and the implicity of the mineralization yield a Middle Eocene age. Petrographic evidence proves an early, relatively reduced paragenesis (magnetite, ilmenite) being partly replaced by hematite and chlorite during the main phase of ore formation. Fluid inclusion and stable isotope investigations indicate that formation temperatures were approximately 300°C during the main stage and decreased to 200°C in the latest stage of the hydrothermal event. The H-isotope compositions of chlorites and of fluid inclusions in quartz indicate the influence of seawater. This also explains the high salinities determined by fluid inclusion studies (20–30% NaCl equiv.). According to the genetic model presented in this paper the hydrothermal activity started when the deformation accompanying the uplift of the Koralm Crystalline Complex passed from a ductile to brittle regime (Middle Eocene). The brittle faults acted as channelways for rising, deep fluids, probably of metamorphic origin. Temperature differences between the different uplifting crustal segments supported fluid circulation. Precipitation of the ore occurred at shallow crustal levels where the hydraulic regime was dominated by seawater, and oxidation of the original reducing fluids took place.     

新疆康古尔-黄山对接碰撞带的存在、成矿模式及成矿预测

据地层及其时代、岩相古地理、基性 -超基性岩及蛇绿岩套、花岗岩类、古生物地理区系、古地磁、地球物理、遥感影像及韧性变形变质带等系统分析研究 ,表明康古尔塔格 -黄山深断裂带为晚古生代双向俯冲对接碰撞带。其南为塔里木板块 ,早古生代为库都克阿奇克 -沙泉子俯冲带 ;泥盆纪北移至康古尔塔格 -黄山一带 ,经泥盆 -石炭纪拉张、双向俯冲、对接碰撞 ,二叠纪固结 -裂解演化 ,两者间为觉罗塔格岛弧增生带 ;其北为哈萨克斯坦 -准噶尔板块南缘大南湖岛弧带 ;有基性 -超基性岩、火山岩和中酸性斑 (玢 )岩及铜镍、金和铜钼矿分布 ,中酸性斑 (玢 )岩及铜钼矿呈对称分布 ,进而建立区域构造 -岩浆 -成矿模式 ,进行战略性和战术性成矿预测。千万吨资源量的赤湖 -土屋斑岩型Cu、Mo(Ag)矿的发现 ,验证了这种模式和预测的正确性。对地质构造研究及找矿有重要意义。     

The isostatic state of the southern Urals crust

The Uralide orogen, in Central Russia, is the focus of intense geoscientific investigations during recent years. The international research is motivated by some unusual lithospheric features compared with other collisional belts including the preservation of (a) a collisional architecture with an orogenic root and a crustal thickness of 55–58 km, and (b) large volumes of very low-grade and non-metamorphic oceanic crust and island arc rocks in the upper crust of a low–relief mountain belt. The latter cause anomalous gravity highs along the thickened crust and the isostatic equilibrium inside the Uralides lithosphere as well as the overthrust high-metamorphic rocks. The integrated URSEIS '95 seismic experiment provides fundamentally new data revealing the lithospheric architecture of an intact Paleozoic collisional orogen that allows the construction of density models. In the Urals' lithosphere different velocity structures resolved by wide-angle seismic experiments along both the URSEIS '95- and the Troitsk profile. They can be used to constrain lithospheric density models: a first model consists of a deep subducted continental lower crust which has been highly eclogitized at depths of 60–90 km to a density of 3550 kg/m³. The second model shows a slightly eclogitized lower crust underlying the Uralide orogen with a crustal thickness of 60 km. The eclogitized lower crust causes a too-small impedance contrast to the lithospheric mantle resulting in a lack of reflectors in the area of the largest crustal thickness. Both models fit the measured gravity field. Analyzing the isostatic state of the southern Urals' lithosphere, both density models are in isostatic equilibrium.     

内蒙古流沙山金(钼)矿床地质特征及矿床类型的划分

流沙山矿床是近年来在内蒙古西部发现的一处金 (钼 )矿床。金 (钼 )矿化主要在海西期花岗闪长岩内呈大脉细脉和线脉产出 ,其空间展布形态受一系列环状断裂带控制。金 (钼 )矿体多为环状到半环状透镜体 ,局部地段为扁豆群和楔状体。矿石的金属矿物有辉钼矿、白钨矿、辉铋矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、钼钙矿、自然金和银金矿。脉石矿物有石英、钾长石、斜长石、黑云母和角闪石 ,其中辉钼矿Re Os同位素等时线年龄为 (2 6 0±10 )× 10 6a。矿体的围岩蚀变主要有硅化和钾化 (钾长石化和绢云母化 ) ,次为绢英岩化和青盘岩化。本文重点研究了与矿化有关的花岗岩类岩相学和岩石化学 ,阐述了金 (钼 )矿床的矿化特征 ,划分了矿床的蚀变分带。在对比流沙山金 (钼 )矿床与国内外经典性斑岩型金属矿床主要特征的基础上 ,将流沙山 (钼 )矿床确定为深成岩型斑岩金 (钼 )矿床     

廊坊市秋冬季大气细颗粒物污染特征及来源解析

分析了2019～2020年秋冬季廊坊市北部、市区和南部这3个站点的大气细颗粒物及其化学组成.空间分布上,PM_2.5浓度整体为：南部>市区>北部.PM_2.5主要成分为有机物、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、铵盐、矿物组分、氯离子和元素碳,分别占PM_2.5的质量分数为25.4%、21.5%、11.0%、11.5%、13.7%、3.5%和5.8%,金属元素及其他物质的质量分数分别为0.3%和7.2%;二次无机盐浓度呈现市区(28.7μg·m^-3)高于北部(28.0μg·m^-3)和南部(26.8μg·m^-3)郊区的变化特征,而有机物(其浓度分别为16.6、13.0和18.5μg·m^-3,由北向南,下同)、矿物组分(9.6、6.7和9.7μg·m^-3)、氯盐(2.0、2.0和2.8μg·m^-3)和元素碳(3.6、3.2和4.3μg·m^-3)浓度呈现南部和北部郊区高于市区的变化特征.随...     

内蒙甲─查银多金属矿区控矿构造

内蒙甲一查银多金属矿床是由燕山期构造岩浆作用形成的后火山热液脉状矿床。矿体的形态、产状、厚度、品位等完全受控于成矿期断裂的性质及其产状、规模。本文论述了矿区的控矿断裂特征，并指出在进一步找矿中应注意采用构造地球化学方法、追索和寻找活动时间较长、规模较大、成矿期为张剪性或压剪性的NWW、NNW向断裂。     

新疆吉拉拜金矿床地质特征及成因

吉拉拜金矿位于新疆布尔津县北约 40km处的哈巴河黑云母斜长花岗岩体内北西向断裂带中 ,研究表明该金矿为石英脉型金矿 ,稀土元素研究表明 ,矿化蚀变岩石与黑云母斜长花岗岩具有相似的变化特征 ,流体包裹体均一测温表明成矿温度为 12 0～ 36 0℃ ,有两个峰值 ,一个峰值位于 2 70～ 30 0℃范围 ,另一峰值位于 15 0～ 2 30℃范围内 ,表明岩浆期后热液和断裂活动对成矿均起作用。含金脉石英的氢氧同位素组成研究表明 ,矿化早阶段 ,成矿热液中以变质热液及岩浆热液为主 ,随着矿化作用的后移 ,成矿溶液中自然会加入越来越多的大气降水 ,导致其氢氧同位素组成向大气降水线方向漂移。研究结果显示 ,哈巴河岩体为该金矿提供成矿物质 ,成矿流体是由哈巴河岩体的岩浆期后热液、动力变质热液及大气降水共同组成 ,北西向断裂带是这些成矿热液的运移通道。该北西向断裂带为逆冲压扭性质。该逆冲压扭断裂中的局部弱应力部位是成矿物质有利的沉淀富集场所。吉拉拜金矿床含金石英脉就是沿北西向逆冲压扭性断层中局部张性部位产出。哈巴河岩体中北西向断裂带及其中的石英脉都很发育 ,具有很好的找矿前景     

Tectonic and lithological constraints on the evolution of the Karoo graben of northern Malawi (East Africa)

The results of a lithostratigraphic, tectonic and kinematic study of the Karoo deposits of northern Malawi are reported. The objective of the lithostratigraphic study is to correlate the deposits of the Karoo basins of northern Malawi with the well-known deposits of southern Tanzania, thus establishing a stratigraphic framework through which the timing of faulting can be constrained. The kinematic analysis of faulting constrains the opening direction for the Karoo graben in this area and provides basic data to discuss the Karoo graben development within the regional tectonic framework of south-eastern Africa. The studied faults are defined by moderately to steeply dipping cataclastic zones with a width of up to 15?m and are characterized by an array of slickensided fault surfaces with different orientations and slip directions. In this study, small faults (offset <10?m) and meso-scale faults (offset >10?m, but generally not exceeding 30–40?m) have been distinguished. Methods used to analyse the kinematic data include the 'pressure tension' (PT) method, which estimates the principal axes for the bulk brittle strain, and the internal rotation axis (IRA) method, which estimates the axis of bulk internal rotation and the overall sense of slip at the faults. A mass balance calculation reveals a volume increase of up to 16% during cataclastic deformation in the fault zones. The PT method shows an approximately east trending extension direction for faults that occur only in the latest Carboniferous (?) and Early Permian strata, whereas the fault kinematics from faults that cut middle Permian to Early Triassic rocks is characterized by a ESE to SE trending extension direction. The small faults yield essentially the same kinematic results as the meso-scale faults. In a transport-parallel cross-sectional view, the principal extension axes are at an acute angle of approximately 60° to the major fault planes. Given the moderate fault density, the relatively high angle between the orientation of the principal extension axis and the fault planes suggest only a moderate amount of horizontal extension across the Karoo graben of northern Malawi. Riedel structures in the fault zones formed within two conjugate sets of localized shear zones; slip on one set was top to the W/NW and, on the other, top to the E/SE. The two conjugate sets of Riedel structures have an acute angle about the regional shortening axes, implying that no pronounced rotation of the strain axes occurred. The internal rotation axes for the Riedel structures reveal a largely bimodal distribution and inferred weakly monoclinic to orthorhombic symmetry. Therefore the overall deformation during Karoo rifting in northern Malawi is interpreted to be close to a coaxial deformation with a limited amount of horizontal extension.     

阜山金矿区构造应力场及其转化的恢复

本文估算了阜山金矿区成岩成矿期构造差应力值 ,获得近 2km2 内主压应力和差异应力的空间分布规律 ,结果表明矿体部位往往对应于应力应变强烈变化区段 ,而并非极高值或极低值处。通过应变测量和磁组构分析 ,得到阜山金矿成岩期和成矿期构造应变场特征 ,指出阜山金矿构造应力场在成矿期经历了由NW向挤压转为NE向挤压转化的特征 ,这次转化对该区成矿意义重大     

卡林型金矿床的特征和成因

卡林型金矿床主要分布在北美大盆地地区科迪勒拉造山带、科罗拉多地台和我国扬子地块西南缘的板内古生代 -中生代沉降带和西北缘古生代 -中生代冒地槽。具有分布局限、成矿集中的特点 ,形成许多超大型矿床。金矿床成矿域发育一套大面积分布的巨厚的古 -中生代冒地槽建造 ,同成矿期的岩浆活动和构造活动强烈 ,有利于形成各种地热体系和流体活动。金矿床往往形成成矿带 ,单个金矿床的规模大小不一 ,矿化受构造、围岩和深部流体控制 ,围岩一般具有还原性质。围岩蚀变为去碳酸盐化、硅化、泥化、硫化物化和重晶石化等。金与砷黄铁矿、黄铁矿及毒砂紧密相关 ,以次显微金的形式存在。其他矿物为雄黄、雌黄、重晶石、辉锑矿、石英、方解石、含铊矿物以及表生矿物明矾石和黄钾铁矾等。成矿流体中水为大气降水 ,碳、硫主要来源于矿床围岩和以下岩石 ,少量可能来源于深部。矿床形成于浅 -中等深度。提出了大气降水热液、岩浆热液、变质热液和卤水成矿等卡林型金矿床形成模式 ,大气降水成因模式能较好解释金矿床的地质地球化学特征。     

Determination of chemical elements in deposition on the Western North Pacific

Shipboard sampling was performed for the evaluation of the deposition amount of chemical species on the southwestern section of the North Pacific, utilizing simple plastic samplers fixed on the upper decks of research vessels of the Japan Meteorological Agency on their routine meteorological and oceanographical cruises from 1988 to 1990. The deposition of nss-sulfate (non-seasalt sulfate, calculated from the concentration of sodium) was found to be high in the western Japan Sea, East China Sea and southern sea adjacent to the Japanese Islands. In the Mariana Sea and the equatorial area, the lowest values were constantly observed in the summer of those 3 years. Values a little higher, but much lower than in the Japan Sea or East China Sea, were measured off the Philippine Islands. The deposition amounts of crustal elements such as silicon, aluminum and iron showed similar tendencies but with some difference in detail.