超声辐射浸渍法制备Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂及性能研究

以Al2O3为载体,分别采用超声辐射浸渍法和普通浸渍方法制备Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂。采用BET、XRD和SEM对催化剂的理化性质和孔结构进行了分析,以模拟酸性绿B废水为研究对象考察催化剂的催化性能。实验结果表明,浸渍溶液pH值和焙烧温度显著影响催化剂的性能。与普通浸渍法相比,超声浸渍法制备的Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂对酸性绿B脱色反应表现出较高的催化活性。     

Cu/Al-PILC催化的C3H6选择还原NO反应的研究

采用聚合羟基铝交联剂对蒙脱土进行撑柱,合成铝交联黏土(Al-PILC),并以其为载体,制备了应用于C3H6选择还原NO的催化剂Cu/Al-PLIC.考察了制备工艺条件及La2O3助剂对催化剂性能的影响,并采用DTA、IR技术对Al-PILC进行表征.研究结果表明,Al-PILC热稳定性随Al/clay比增加逐步提高,SO2-4改性Al-PILC上SO2-4与铝氧化柱形成了具有超强酸性的结构,催化活性得到显著提高;当Al/clay比为10 mmol/g,浸渍SO2-4量为20%(wt),Cu担载量为3%(wt),空速20 000 h-1时,Cu/Al-PILC在350℃NO转化率达到最大值52.02%;浸渍0.5%La2O3提高了Cu/Al-PILC催化剂的活性和热稳定性.     

超声辐射浸渍法制备Fe-Ni-Mn/Al_2O_3催化剂及性能研究

以Al2O3为载体,分别采用超声辐射浸渍法和普通浸渍方法制备Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂。采用BET、XRD和SEM对催化剂的理化性质和孔结构进行了分析,以模拟酸性绿B废水为研究对象考察催化剂的催化性能。实验结果表明,浸渍溶液pH值和焙烧温度显著影响催化剂的性能。与普通浸渍法相比,超声浸渍法制备的Fe-Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂对酸性绿B脱色反应表现出较高的催化活性。     

Cu／Al-PILC催化的C3H6选择还原NO反应的研究

采用聚合羟基铝交联剂对蒙脱土进行撑柱，合成铝交联黏土(Al-PILC)，并以其为载体，制备了应用于C3H6选择还原NO的催化剂Cu／Al-PILE。考察了制备工艺条件及La2O3助剂对催化剂性能的影响，并采用DTA、IR技术对Al-PILC进行表征。研究结果表明，Al-PILE热稳定性随Al／clay比增加逐步提高，SO4^2-改性Al-PILE上SO4^2-与铝氧化柱形成了具有超强酸性的结构，催化活性得到显著提高；当Al/clay比为10mmol／g，浸渍SO4^2-量为20％(wt)，Cu担载量为3％(wt)，空速20000h^-1时，Cu／Al-PILE在350℃NO转化率达到最大值52．02％；浸渍0．5％La2O3提高了Cu／Al-PILE催化剂的活性和热稳定性。     

γ-Al_2O_3负载Ni、Fe催化剂同时脱硫脱硝

采用浸渍法制备了不同负载量的Ni(x)Fe(y)/γ-AL2O3催化剂,通过XRD、H2-TPR、BET和SEM对催化剂进行表征,使用微型催化反应装置考察催化剂在以CO作为还原气时,同时脱硫脱硝的催化活性。结果表明,Ni O和Fe2O3做为活性组分可以很好地分散在γ-Al2O3载体上,并且不破坏其结构;Ni(8)Fe(2)/γ-Al2O3催化剂有最佳的脱硫脱硝活性,脱硫率达到96.55%,脱硝率达到97.92%。     

Y_2O_3/AC催化剂的烟气同时脱硫脱硝性能

采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列不同负载量的x%Y_2O_3/AC(x=2、4、6、8和10)同时脱硫脱硝催化剂,以CO为还原气,考察该催化剂同时脱硫脱硝催化活性。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、H2-程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、比表面积(BET)对催化剂进行了表征。在不同负载量的催化剂中,6%Y_2O_3/AC表现出较好脱硫脱硝效果,SO_2和NO的T90%分别约为365℃和367℃。经HNO_3预处理过的活性炭载体制备的催化剂脱硝效果明显改善,催化剂预硫化可以显著提高脱硫脱硝活性,在550℃硫化的催化剂效果最好,NO和SO_2的T90%分别约为368和362℃,在380℃时脱硫脱硝率均可达到95%以上。     

CO3O4/介孔分子筛催化剂对苯催化完全氧化的研究

分别以介孔分子筛MCM-41、MCM-48、SBA-15为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了氧化钴/介孔分子筛催化剂,利用N2吸附、X射线衍射、程序升温还原等技术对催化剂进行了表征,考察了Co3O4的负载量及载体的孔结构对催化剂完全催化氧化苯的性能的影响.结果表明,Co3O4的负载量为20%时,催化剂的催化活性最好;载体的孔径和催化剂的可还原性能是影响催化活性的主要因素,催化剂活性顺序为Co3O4/SBA-15>Co3O4/MCM-41>Co3O4/MCM-48.     

无机盐离子对负载型催化剂Co_3O_4/GO降解PVA废水的影响

以氧化石墨烯(GO)作为Co3O4的载体,制备出应用于基于硫酸根自由基的高级氧化技术的负载型催化剂复合物——Co3O4/GO,采用XRD、FT-IR、Raman、EDS和SEM表征测试,并考察了无机盐离子(Cl-、HCO-3、H2PO-4和NO-3)对催化降解PVA的影响。结果表明,Co3O4已成功负载到GO上;负载型催化剂Co3O4/GO具有很高的催化活性;不同无机盐离子对催化降解反应的影响不同。本研究内容将对实际PVA废水处理过程起到借鉴和指导作用。     

非均相UV/Fenton氧化法降解水中六氯苯的研究

采用超声辐照促进浸渍法制备了非均相UV/Fenton催化剂Fe/Al2O3,并对其进行了表征.以制备的催化剂对水中六氯苯进行非均相UV/Fenton法氧化降解.考察了铁的负载量、初始pH、H2O2投加量、催化剂投加量和反应时间对六氯苯降解效果的影响,并探讨了六氯苯的降解动力学规律.结果表明,制备的催化剂表面活性组分分散均匀,对六氯苯具有较高的催化活性和重复利用性.非均相UV/Fenton法降解六氯苯的最佳实验条件为:铁的负载量为2%,废水初始pH为3,H2O2和Fe/Al2O3催化剂的投加量分别为34 mg/L和150 mg/L,反应时间为20 min.在此条件下,浓度为500μg/L的六氯苯降解效率达94.5%.HCB的降解反应动力学规律可用Langmuir-Hinshwood方程很好地描述.六氯苯在催化剂表面的吸附常数为1.962 L/mg,表面反应速率常数为0.08 mg/(L·min).     

Pd-Na/Al_2O_3催化剂的表征及室温下催化氧化甲醛的性能

为获得一种可在室温下完全氧化甲醛且价格较低的催化剂,选取商用的γ-Al2O3为载体,以价格相对较低的Pd为活性组分,以Na+为助剂,采用共浸渍法制备了一系列0.5%Pd-x%Na/Al2O3(x=0、1、2和4)催化剂。采用N2吸附脱附、XRD、H2-TPR、O2-TPD和XPS对催化剂物理化学性质进行了表征,对催化剂室温催化氧化甲醛性能进行了评价。结果表明:Pd与Na之间的协同作用促进了部分带负电荷Pd物种的形成,有利于O2物种的吸附;Pd与Na之间的强相互作用,显著改善了催化剂的低温还原性,促进了表面吸附氧活化,有利于催化氧化甲醛;0.5%Pd-2%Na/Al2O3催化剂具有较好的催化活性和良好的稳定性,在室温(25℃)下,甲醛体积分数为0.025%时,甲醛转化率为100%;连续使用60 h后,甲醛的转化率仍维持在99.0%以上。0.5%Pd-2%Na/Al2O3催化剂载体易得、Pd负载量低,合成工艺简单,催化氧化甲醛性能优异,有望成为一种去除室内甲醛的新型催化剂。上述结果可为室内空气中甲醛的催化氧化治理提供参考。     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的策划

在实施ISO／IEC 17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核策划阶段的关键环节，提出审核范围确定、审核计划和抽样方案制订的质量控制要求，为有序高效地实施内部审核提供了技术方法。     

Characterization of products of ozonolysis of acrylonitrile in liquid phase

In order to elucidate the reaction mechanism of the ozonolysis of acrylonitrile in the liquid phase, characterization of reaction products has been attempted. One of the products, which was volatile, has been found to be formaldehyde by derivatizing with dimedone. The infrared and mass spectra of the derivative corresponded with that of alkylidene dimedone. Three other reaction products were isolated by TLC using silica gel, CHCl₃:MeOH (80:20). These have been tentatively identified as glyoxal, epoxide of acrylonitrile and acetamide from their mass spectra. Based on these findings a reaction pathway for the formation of formaldehyde is proposed to be that described by Criegee.