重力沉淀对猪场污水的分离效果及其对沼气发酵的影响

采用重力沉淀法对猪场污水进行浓稀分离,并对分离得到的稀污水和浓污水进行沼气发酵实验,以考察沉淀分离对猪场污水沼气发酵的影响.结果表明,分离得到的稀污水体积占原污水的71.5%,相对于原污水,体积减少了28.5%,而COD、BOD5、SS、TN、TP浓度却分别减少了59.3%、64.4%、85.8%、36.7%和70.9%.分离得到浓污水体积占原污水体积的28.5%,却回收了70%以上COD与BOD5、95%以上的SS、65%的TN和85%的TP.绝大部分产沼气的底物都被分离到浓污水中,浓污水沼气产量占总产气量的85.5%.沉淀分离可以提高沼气发酵效率,在相同的发酵温度、COD负荷下,浓污水平均池容产气率为1.68L·L-1·d-1,比原污水和稀污水分别高25.3%、145%.通过重力沉淀,可以获得更好的升温效果,提高沼气发酵效率,沼渣沼液利用及污水达标处理也更加容易.     

升流式曝气生物滤池深度处理城市污水的工艺特性

用升流式曝气生物滤池(UBAF)处理城市污水.经二级生化处理后,城市污水可生化性很差,但UBAF对其中的COD、BOD₅、SS、氨氮以及浊度分别有22.2%, 55%, 84.4%, 49%,75.6% 的去除效率.进水的有机负荷,水力负荷对BAF的运行效果均有一定的影响.     

强化污泥利用水解反应器改善碳源与污泥减量作用研究

通过改进传统水解池,强化水解池中的初沉污泥水解,以改善优质碳源比例.强化污泥利用水解反应器集悬浮物的沉淀分离和污泥的水解酸化为一体,经强化污泥利用水解反应器处理后,废水中SS去除率达到81.4%,SS/BOD5由进水的2.4下降至0.4;SCOD/COD、COD0.45～5/COD分别提高了35.4%和17.7%,而COD>100/COD下降了53.2%;BOD5/TN从3.7提高至4.7;BOD5/TP从23.8提高至36.4.废水的碳源结构得到了改善.同时,在强化污泥利用水解反应器中完成了对污泥的处理,污泥水解率达到51.9%,实现了污泥的资源化与减量化.     

乙酰螺旋霉素废水生物处理的试验研究

采用相同体积 (6 2L)的升流厌氧污泥床和厌氧复合床处理乙酰螺旋霉素废水 ,当容积负荷为 6 0kg(COD) (m3 ·d)时 ,升流厌氧污泥床和厌氧复合床反应器对SS、COD、BOD5的去除率分别为 6 7 4 %、85 1%、91 2 %和 75 6 %、91 7%、96 1%,结果表明厌氧复合床是高效实用的厌氧生物反应器 ;厌氧出水采用相同体积 (6 4L)的生物接触氧化工艺和周期循环活性污泥系统进行处理 ,当容积负荷为 1 6kg(COD) (m3 ·d)时 ,生物接触氧化反应器和周期循环活性污泥系统对SS、COD、BOD5的去除率分别为 87 9%、85 1%、92 8%和 91 6 %、88 7%、95 4 %,结果表明周期循环活性污泥系统是高效实用的好氧生物反应器 .     

添加原水改善SBR工艺处理猪场废水厌氧消化液性能

采用序批式反应器(SBR)工艺直接处理猪场废水厌氧消化液,处理系统的效率较低,COD去除率仅有10%左右,NH₄⁺-N去除率70%左右;处理出水水质较差,出水COD高于1 000mg/L,出水NH₄⁺-N在200mg/L左右;处理系统的工作不稳定,效能逐渐恶化.在猪场废水厌氧消化液中添加部分未经厌氧消化的猪场废水(原水),处理系统的处理效率明显提高,COD去除率高于80%,出水COD降到250～350mg/L;NH₄⁺-N去除率高于99%,出水NH₄⁺-N小于10mg/L;处理系统的稳定性也得到增强.添加原水后,猪场废水厌氧消化液的BOD₅/COD比值从0.19上升到0.54,BOD₅/TN比值从0.28上升到2.04,增加了微生物生长和反硝化所需的碳源,强化了反硝化作用,不仅提高了总氮去除效率,而且通过回补碱度,维持了处理系统的pH值稳定.     

外循环气升式反应器中光合细菌处理味精废水的研究

外循环气升式反应器（ＥＡＬＲ）中球形红假单胞菌处理味精废水,能生产单细胞蛋白。在连续供气、ＫＬａ为２４２ｈ＾－１,ＨＲＴ为１２ｈ,活性炭载体浓度为１０ｇ／Ｌ,进水ＢＯＤ５为２７５０ｍｇ／Ｌ条件下,废水ＢＯＤ５的去除率达到９２％。载体增加反应器内生物量２８％,ＳＣＰ产率系数Ｙ＝０．５９ｋｇ（ｃｅｌｌ）／（ｋｇ ＢＯＤ５·ｄ）,是无载体组的２倍。ＥＡＬＲ的生物负荷为１．６８ｋｇ ＢＯＤ５／（ｋｇ ＭＬ     

曝气生物滤池(Fe2+)-臭氧组合工艺强化处理石化二级出水

为了强化曝气生物滤池(BAF)-臭氧组合工艺的处理效果,以石化二级出水为处理对象,研究了投加Fe SO_4·7H_2O对组合工艺处理COD和TP效果的影响,同时采用分子量分级、三维荧光扫描、气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)等手段对工艺处理前后水质进行了系统分析.结果表明,在二级出水COD平均浓度82.91 mg·L~(-1),TP平均浓度1.37 mg·L~(-1),Fe SO_4·7H_2O投加浓度为9 mg·L~(-1)时,组合工艺COD平均去除率为52.20%,TP平均去除率为71.50%,相比不加Fe SO_4·7H_2O的对照组,COD去除率提高17.15%,除磷效率提高51.81%.原水中相对分子质量小于1×103的有机物占52%,铁盐强化组合工艺处理后该部分比例增加至75.39%;同时各区间分子量的有机物去除效率提高.三维荧光分析结果表明,Fe SO_4·7H_2O可以提高BAF-臭氧对水中荧光类物质的去除效果.GC-MS结果表明,与对照组相比,Fe SO_4·7H_2O的投加使得出水中有机物的种类减少,浓度降低.铁盐可以强化BAF-臭氧组合工艺处理石化二级出水的能力.     

Anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing methanol in upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor

The direct conversion of methanol into methane is the main process in anaerobic treatment of methanol containing wastewater. However, acetic acid can also be produced from methanol theoretically, which may probably result in an abrupt pH drop and deteriorate the anaerobic process. Therefore, it is interesting to know what would really happen in an anaerobic reactor treating methanol wastewater. In this study, an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor treating methanol wastewater was operated. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), acetic acid and pH of the effluent were monitored at different loadings and influent alkalinity. The results showed that the anaerobic reactor could be operated steadily at as low as 119 mg/L of influent alkalinity and high organic loading rate with no obvious pH drops. Volatile fatty acids accumulation was not observed even at strong shock loadings. The microorganisms in the sludge at the end of the test became homogeneous in morphology, which were mainly spherical or spheroidal in shape. __________ Translated from China Water & Wastewater, 2006, 22(13): 42–44,48 [译自: 中国给水排水]     

Fenton氧化深度处理石化废水厂二级出水研究

采用连续流Fenton氧化对石化废水处理厂二级出水进行了处理试验,研究了药剂投量对COD及磷处理效果的影响,同时对处理过程中有机物的变化特性进行了分析.结果表明,原水COD平均为64.8 mg·L-1,PO3-4-P平均为0.79 mg·L-1,当H2O2(30%)投加量为0.4 m L·L-1,Fe SO4·7H2O的投加量为0.8 g·L-1,PAM投加量为0.9 mg·L-1,停留时间为30 min时,COD的平均去除率为24.3%,出水COD低于50 mg·L-1,PO3-4-P平均去除率为95.5%,原水中相对分子质量小于1×103的有机物占80.4%,Fenton氧化处理后该部分比例增加至95.6%.三维荧光分析结果表明,Fenton氧化对水中蛋白类、酚类去除效果显著.GC-MS结果表明,石化二级出水中检出主要有机物约117种,氧化后检出27种,含不饱和键类有机物去除明显.Fenton氧化可用于石化二级出水的深度处理.     

厌氧水解-SBR工艺处理高浓度有机废水运行工序的优化

将ASBR反应器和SBR反应器结合组成厌氧水解-SBR工艺用于养猪场废水的处理,ASBR反应器作为厌氧水解反应器,主要完成对有机物的水解,达到初步降解有机物的目的,在反应器每次进水量和排水量不大于其有效容积70%的前提下,研究了ASBR反应器厌氧搅拌段的时间对污水可生化性和对后续SBR脱氮处理效果的影响.结果表明,厌氧搅拌36h的污水既保持了较高的可生化性,出水BOD/COD保持在0.4左右,又能在后续SBR处理中取得较好的脱氮效果,经SBR反应器处理后出水NH₄⁺-N<10mg/L.通过实验分析进一步确定了好氧SBR反应器运行的最佳工序,厌氧水解-SBR运行工序优化后,BOD5的总去除率达到98%以上,NH₄⁺-N去除率达到99%以上,但出水COD_Cr达不到排放标准,经混凝沉淀处理后方能达标排放.     

微好氧水解酸化在石化废水预处理中的应用研究

应用微好氧水解酸化技术对北方某石化污水厂进行了改造,投产后对其进行了跟踪监测.结果表明,在进水COD为490.3~673.2 mg·L-1,水力停留时间(HRT)为24 h以及溶解氧(DO)控制在0.2~0.35 mg·L-1条件下,监测阶段内COD的平均去除率为11.7%,出水和进水相比,BOD5/COD提高了12.4%,UV254值降低了11.2%,挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度升高了23.0%.相对分子质量分布测定和好氧生物降解性试验结果表明:石化废水采用微好氧水解酸化预处理后,小分子有机物(1×103)所占比例由59.5%提高至82.1%,而大分子有机物(100×103)所占比例由31.8%降低到14.0%.经微好氧水解酸化预处理后降解性有显著提高,原水COD经48 h好氧处理可降至102.2 mg·L-1,而微好氧水解酸化出水COD经48 h好氧处理可降解至71.5 mg·L-1.微好氧水解酸化出水的SO2-4浓度[(930.7±60.1)mg·L-1]高于进水[(854.3±41.5)mg·L-1],表明微好氧环境对硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)有抑制作用.由于硫酸盐的还原受到抑制,减少有毒和恶臭类气体产生,改善了周围环境.     

珠江三角洲典型集约化猪场废水污染特征及风险评价

根据2009年3月~2011年11月废水水质调查监测数据,运用《畜禽场环境质量评价准则》中单项污染指数、综合污染指数等方法,研究珠江三角洲典型集约化猪场厌氧发酵处理过程中各工艺阶段废水污染特征,并对其潜在生态风险进行综合评价.监测结果表明,所有监测值中,除pH和重金属外,其它污染因子含量普遍超过排放及农田灌溉水质标准,猪粪水中主要污染因子为粪大肠菌群(FC)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(COD)和生化需氧量(BOD),其平均质量浓度分别为1.98×109个·L-1、158.61 mg·L-1、5 608.68 mg·L-1和1 984.34 mg·L-1,猪场沼液中主要污染因子为粪大肠菌群、总磷、氨氮(NH+4-N)和悬浮物(SS),其平均质量浓度分别为8.10×106个·L-1、81.76 mg·L-1、476.24 mg·L-1和464.58 mg·L-1.生态风险评价表明,高值区主要出现在固液分离后的高浓度废水,其分布呈现从分离后废水>冲栏废水>沼液递减的趋势特征,其综合污染指数分别为11.41、6.91、5.27,均达到重度污染级.因此,分离前后猪场废水属高浓度、高风险废水,绝对不可直接排放和农田灌溉,经厌氧处理后的猪场沼液中粪大肠菌群、总磷、氨氮和悬浮物是潜在的强生态风险元素,在长期直接排放或农田灌溉过程中仍存在一定的生态风险,有进一步深度处理的必要性.     

铁屑过滤-SBR工艺处理印染废水的研究

采用铁屑过滤－ＳＢＲ工艺对印染废水进行了处理研究,当进水ＣＯＤ为１０００－１６００ｍｇ／Ｌ,色度为２００－８００倍,ＢＯＤ５在２００－４００ｍｇ／Ｌ时,ＣＯＤ去除率可达８５％,ＢＯＤ５去除率和脱色率均在９０％以上,出水达到排放标准,该工艺具有投资少,运行费用低,处理效果稳定等特点,尤其适合中小型印染厂的废水治理。     

一座新型氧化塘的研究和设计

本文介绍一座新型氧化塘的研究和设计.该塘污水停留仅一天,表面负荷140g/m~2·d.当原污水BOD_5为100mg/L、SS为120mg/L时,经初沉池分别去除30％和50％,至氧化塘出水BOD_5和SS均为30—40mg/L.经过各阶段试验和120m~2/d中间试验均达到预期效果.现已用于广州大坦沙15×10m/d污水处理厂设计.     

Kinetic analysis of anaerobic phosphorus release during biological phosphorus removal process

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is a commonly used and sustainable method for phosphorus removal from wastewater. Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyphosphate, and glycogen are three kinds of intracellular storage polymers in phosphorus accumulation organisms. The variation of these polymers under different conditions has an apparent influence on anaerobic phosphorus release, which is very important for controlling the performance of EBPR. To obtain the mechanism and kinetic character of anaerobic phosphorus release, a series of batch experiments were performed using the excessively aerated sludge from the aerobic unit of the biological phosphorus removal system in this study. The results showed that the volatile suspended solid (VSS) had an increasing trend, while the mixed liquid suspended sludge (MLSS) and ashes were reduced during the anaerobic phosphorus release process. The interruption of anaerobic HAc-uptake and phosphorus-release occurs when the glycogen in the phosphorus-accumulating-organisms is exhausted. Under the condition of lower initial HAc-COD, HAc became the limiting factor after some time for anaerobic HAc uptake. Under the condition of higher initial HAc-COD, HAc uptake was stopped because of the depletion of glycogen in the microorganisms. The mean ratio of Δρ _P/Δρ _PHB, Δρ _GLY/Δρ _PHB, Δρ _P/ΔCOD, was 0.48, 0.50, 0.44, and 0.92, respectively, which was nearly the same as the theoretical value. The calibrated kinetic parameters of the HAc-uptake and phosphorus-release model were evaluated as follows: Q _HAc,max was 164 mg/(g · h), Q _P,max was 69.9 mg/(g · h), K _gly was 0.005, and KCOD was 3 mg/L. An apparently linear correlation was observed between the ratio of Δρ _P/ΔCOD and pH of the solution, and the equation between them was obtained in this study. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(9), 1164–1169 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Comparison between UV and VUV photolysis for the pre- and post-treatment of coking wastewater

In this study, ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis were investigated for the pre-treatment and post-treatment of coking wastewater. First, 6-fold diluted raw coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. It was found that 15.9%–35.4% total organic carbon (TOC) was removed after 24 hr irradiation. The irradiated effluent could be degraded by the acclimated activated sludge. Even though the VUV photolysis removed more chemical oxygen demand (COD) than UV, the UV-irradiated effluent demonstrated better biodegradability. After 4 hr UV irradiation, the biological oxygen demand BOD₅/COD ratio of irradiated coking wastewater increased from 0.163 to 0.224, and its toxicity decreased to the greatest extent. Second, the biologically treated coking wastewater was irradiated by UV and VUV. Both of them were able to remove 37%–47% TOC within 8 hr irradiation. Compared to UV, VUV photolysis could significantly improve the transparency of the bio-treated effluent. VUV also reduced 7% more ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺–N), 17% more nitrite nitrogen (NO₂⁻–N), and 18% more total nitrogen (TN) than UV, producing 35% less nitrite nitrogen (NO₃⁻–N) as a result. In conclusion, UV irradiation was better in improving the biodegradability of coking wastewater, while VUV was more effective at photolyzing the residual organic compounds and inorganic N-species in the bio-treated effluent.     

光合细菌接触氧化工艺的研究

一、前言 光合细菌法(简称PSB法)具有负荷高、效果好、占地省等优点,菌体污泥又有很高的营养价值,可以回收利用。因此这是近年来引人注目的一种废水资源化及综合利用的新技术。有不少排出高浓度有机废水的工厂,     

进水渗滤液总氮和BOD5/TN对填埋场反应器反硝化和厌氧氨氧化协同脱氮的影响

晚期垃圾渗滤液具有氨氮浓度较高、碳氮比(C/N)较低和可生化性差的特点,生物脱氮较困难.本文研究了改变进水总氮负荷和BOD5/TN比值对填埋场生物反应器处理垃圾渗滤液的脱氮效果的影响.结果表明,总氮负荷为15~25g·(m3·d)-1的范围内时,总氮去除负荷稳定为10~12 g·(m3·d)-1,但是总氮去除率随着负荷的增加从67.7%下降至60.2%,说明在一定范围总氮负荷的增加会降低总氮去除率,但不会影响去除负荷.当改变进水的BOD5/TN从0.3提高到0.4后,总氮负荷为9 g·(m3·d)-1时的厌氧、准好氧反应器,总氮去除率可从79.9%分别提高到89.9%和86.2%,表明提高BOD5/TN能够有效促进填埋场生物反应器对总氮污染物的去除,并且厌氧条件下效果更好.脱氮途径分析表明,填埋场生物反应器中厌氧氨氧化和反硝化作用可以协同脱氮.     

On-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR)

The objectives of this study were to establish an on-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal synchronously of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The SBR for municipal wastewater treatment was operated in sequences: filling, anaerobic, oxic, anoxic, oxic, settling and discharge. The reactor was equipped with on-line monitoring sensors for dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH. The variation of DO, ORP and pH is relevant to each phase of biological process for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in this SBR. The characteristic points of DO, ORP and pH can be used to judge and control the stages of process that include: phosphate release by the turning points of ORP and pH; nitrification by the ammonia valley of pH and ammonia elbows of DO and ORP; denitrification by the nitrate knee of ORP and nitrate apex of pH; phosphate uptake by the turning point of pH; and residual organic carbon oxidation by the carbon elbows of DO and ORP. The controlling system can operate automatically for nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently removal. __________ Translated from Water & Wastewater Engineering, 2006, 26(5): 728–733 [译自: 给水排水]     

BOD5与COD相关机理的探讨

目前,在水污染监测与控制系统中,国内外都广泛应用生化需氧量(BOD₅)和化学需氧量(COD)作为表征有机物污染的重要水质指标。