The behaviors of H2, CH4, C2H4 and C3H6 from the decomposition of polypropylene by NiO/Si–Al catalyst

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of light gases produced from polypropylene, specifically hydrogen. In particular, we examined the effect of operating conditions on gaseous product and compositions in the catalytic cracking of polypropylene. We also characterized the gaseous product generated from polypropylene cracking. The feedstock (2.0 g) mixed with NiO/SiO₂–Al₂O₃ (Si–Al) was used, under non-isothermal conditions at low temperature range between 380 and 500 °C. Argon gas was used to carry the pyrolyzed gas, and the gas collected in a tedlar bag was analyzed for its behavior. We observed the behavior of major gases (H₂, CH₄, C₂H₄ and C₃H₆, etc.) according to reaction time and temperature. Finally, the effect of reaction conditions on evolved gases from catalytic cracking of polypropylene was analyzed.     

BiPO_4-BiVO_4复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

采用水热法制备了BiPO_4-BiVO_4复合光催化剂,运用XRD,SEM,UV-Vis DRS技术对其进行了表征,并以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物考察了复合光催化剂在模拟太阳光下的光催化性能。实验结果表明:当BiPO_4与BiVO_4的摩尔比(磷钒比)为2∶8时BiPO_4-BiVO_4的光催化性能最优,光照180 min时对亚甲基蓝(初始质量浓度5mg/L)的降解率达96.20%,反应速率常数为0.018 1 min-1,明显优于单纯BiPO_4和BiVO_4。表征结果显示:单斜相的BiPO_4与BiVO_4晶粒实现了复合生长,BiPO_4-BiVO_4(磷钒比2∶8)的晶粒粒径比单纯BiPO_4和BiVO_4小;复合光催化剂在紫外光和可见光区均具有较好的光响应,且其禁带宽度较BiPO_4明显减小。     

可见光催化剂BiVO_4 降解废水中直接耐酸大红4BS

以直接耐酸大红4BS模拟染料废水为目标污染物,研究了BiVO_4对直接耐酸大红4BS(简称4BS)的吸附效果以及废水初始质量浓度、废水pH和BiVO_4的加入量对光催化降解效果的影响.实验结果表明:当废水初始质量浓度为40 mg/L、废水pH为6.38、BiVO_4加入量为1.0 g/L时,4BS的降解率可达98.9%;BiVO_4重复使用5次后4BS的降解率可达80.0%以上;COD的变化趋势说明4BS被催化剂吸附和光催化降解的过程是循序渐进的.     

Classification of the sugarcane residues and their characteristics—an environmental assessment of mortar with addition of sugarcane residues

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The use of agro-residue in resource-limited regions can be a smart way for civil construction to reduce costs, reduce emissions of pollutant gases...     

Bi/Fe_3O_4催化NaBH_4还原水中对硝基苯酚

以磁性Fe_3O_4为载体负载Bi(NO_3)_3,再用NaBH_4还原Bi~(3+)制备了Bi/Fe_3O_4催化剂。采用XRD和紫外-可见光谱对催化剂进行表征。考察了Bi负载量、NaBH_4加入量和Bi/Fe_3O_4加入量对Bi/Fe_3O_4催化NaBH_4还原对硝基苯酚(4-NP)效果的影响。表征结果显示:当催化剂中Bi含量较少时,Bi分散良好;当Bi含量较多时,会形成纳米颗粒。实验结果表明:当反应温度为25℃,初始4-NP浓度为4.0 mmol/L时,在Bi负载量为5%(w)、Bi/Fe_3O_4催化剂加入量为500 mg/L,NaBH_4加入量为6.0 g/L的条件下,反应速率常数为0.581 min~(-1),4-NP的去除率为99.7%;Bi/Fe_3O_4催化剂稳定性好,重复使用15次后,活性基本不变。     

Effect of γ-Dose rate on Biodegradation of γ-Sterilized Biomedical Polyolefins

The aim of the present study is to study the effect of γ-dose rate on the biodegradation of γ-sterilized polyolefins. Films of isotactic polypropylene, high density polyethylene and ethylene-propylene (EP) copolymer were sterilized under γ-radiation with doses of 10 and 25 kGy. Two different ⁶⁰Co sources were used with dose rate 600 and 780 Gy h⁻¹. Neat and sterilized samples were incubated in compost and fungal culture environments. The changes in functional groups, surface morphology and intrinsic viscosity in polymer chains were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM and viscometric measurements, respectively. It was observed that both γ-degradation and biodegradation processes depend on the dose rate of γ-source. It was found that the biodegradation of γ-sterilized polyolefins in composting and microbial culture environments increased with decreasing the γ-dose rate.     

Emission of trace organics from municipal solid waste incinerators—rationale of national guidelines in the Federal Republic of Germany

In the Federal Republic of Germany a working party has developed recommendations for dealing with the dioxin problems posed by waste incineration. According to these recommendations limit values for dioxin emissions are neither necessary nor practical. However, from the point of view of preventive environmental protection, dioxin emissions should be further reduced as far as is possible with present-day technology. The TA Luft (Technical Instructions for Maintaining Air Quality) contains stipulations and advice on this. The most significant of the solid residues from waste incinerators are the filter ashes as they have a high dioxin content. The working party of Under (states) has compiled a catalogue of recommendations for the disposal of filter ashes. The transport of solid residues from solid waste incinerators is controlled under the Abfallgesetz (Waste Act) and regulations passed in connection with this act and under the Gefahrgutverordnung Strasse—GGVS (Regulation on the transport of dangerous freight by road). The latter stipulates at what level of dioxin certain transport conditions must be respected. The new Gefahrstoffverordnung-GefStoffV (Regulation on dangerous substances) prohibits substances containing dioxin in concentrations above a certain level from being placed on the market. It does not apply to residues from solid waste incinerators.     

分离提纯二苯甲烷-（4，4’）-二氨基甲酸酯的方法

该发明提供了一种从苯氨基甲酸酯与甲醛偶联反应的固体混合物中分离提纯二苯甲烷-（4，4’）-二氨基甲酸酯的方法：（1）用一种或多种低碳醇、取代的低碳烷烃或苯系衍生物溶液，在50～150℃下溶解偶联反应后的固体混合物，低碳醇、取代的低碳烷烃或苯系衍生物的质量是固体混合物质量的5～100倍，趁热过滤，分离除去不溶的大分子聚合物和大量的小分子杂质，目标物和其他小分子聚合物、目标物的同分异构体进入溶液，     

天津建4个再生资源回收中心

<正>201 9年6月4日,提案天津市商务局召开城市垃圾分类再生资源回收体系建设工作会,将从培育骨干企业、健全回收网络、强化资源利用等方面开展专项行动,提高重点品种的回收率和分拣回收加工水平,加快建设北辰区、滨海新区、静海区等4个全密闭再生资源回收分拣加工中心。据悉,天津市将引进第三方再生资源企业,负责或承包     

Influence of Processing Additives on the Degradation of Melt-Pressed Films of Poly(ε-Caprolactone) and Poly(Lactic Acid)

Melt-pressed films of polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with processing additives, CaCO₃, SiO₂, and erucamide, were subjected to pure fungal cultures Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium simplicissimum and to composting. The PCL films showed a rapid weight loss with a minor reduction in the molecular weight after 45 days in A. fumigatus. The addition of SiO₂ to PCL increased the rate of (bio)erosion in A. fumigatus and in compost. The use of a slip additive, erucamide, was shown to modify the properties of the film surface without decreasing the rate of bio(erosion). Both the rate of weight loss and the rate of molecular weight reduction of PCL increased with decreasing film thickness. The addition of CaCO₃ to PLA significantly reduced the thermal degradation during processing, but it also reduced the rate of the subsequent (bio)degradation in the pure fungal cultures. PLA without additives and PLA containing SiO₂ exhibited the fastest (bio)degradation, followed by PLA with CaCO₃. The degradation of the PLA films was initially governed by chemical hydrolysis, followed by an acceleration of the weight change and of the molecular weight reduction. PLA film subjected to composting exhibits a rapid decrease in molecular weight, which then remains unchanged during the measurement period, probably because of crystallization.     

Formation of Reactive Gaseous Mercury in the Arctic: Evidence of Oxidation of Hg° to Gas-Phase Hg-II Compounds after Arctic Sunrise

We have measured total gaseous mercury concentrations(Hg°) at Point Barrow, Alaska since September 1998 in aneffort to determine the geographic extent and reaction mechanismof the so-called mercury depletion events (MDE) previouslyreported in the high Arctic at Alert, Canada. Hg° has beensampled now for nearly 2 years at Barrow. In September, 1999, webegan making the first automated measurements of reactive gaseousmercury (RGM) attempted in the Arctic, along with measurements ofHg accumulation in snowpack to determine the fate of the depleted Hg°. During the fall and early winter, Hg°and RGM exhibit only minor variation, Hg° remaining within10% of global background, near 1.6–1.8 ng m^-3. The MDEperiods are quite different, however; within days of Arcticsunrise in January, Hg° exhibits major variations from themean, rapidly dropping as low as 0.05 ng m^-3 and then cyclingback to typical levels, sometimes exceeding global background. These events continue throughout Arctic spring, then end abruptlyfollowing snowmelt, in early June. Prior to Arctic sunrise, RGMremains near detection (<2 pg m^-3), but after sunriseincreases dramatically (to levels as high as 900 pg/m³) insynchrony with the depletion of Hg°. Both phenomenaexhibit a strong diel cycle, in parallel with UV-B. We concludethat MDE's involve rapid in-air oxidation of Hg° to aspecies of RGM by photochemically-driven reactions, probablyinvolving the same reactive bromine and chlorine compoundsinvolved in ozone destruction. Sharp increases in Hg in thesurface snowpack after sunrise coincident with periods of peakRGM suggest surface accumulation of the RGM by dry deposition.     

Assessment of the environmental impact of management measures for the biodegradable fraction of municipal solid waste in São Paulo City

There is increasing concern about landfilling of biodegradable wastes. Therefore, biological treatment processes such as composting and biogasification have been considered as alternative strategies for managing those wastes. In this work, life cycle assessment was employed to compare the environmental impacts of landfilling, composting, and biological treatment of municipal solid waste in S?o Paulo City, Brazil. Energy consumption, recovered resources, and emissions to air and water were quantified and analyzed in terms of their potential contribution to global warming, acidification, and nutrient enrichment impact. The results demonstrated that processes that require high levels of energy consumption, such as wastewater treatment, play an important role in the outcome of environmental impact potentials. It was found that the landfilling of all waste is generally the worst strategy from an environmental point of view. However, significant reductions in the resulting impacts can be accomplished through biogasification and composting of the biodegradable fraction. Regarding composting, the application of a biofilter for gas treatment reduced significantly the gaseous emissions.     

皂土对CuSO_4的吸附性能研究

研究了皂土对CuSO_4的吸附性能,考察了溶液初始pH、无机电解质NaCl、MgCl_2和AlCl_3及乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和柠檬酸等因素对皂土吸附量的影响。实验结果表明:皂土对CuSO_4有很强的吸附能力;其吸附动力学曲线和吸附等温线分别符合准二级反应速率方程和Langmuir方程;饱和吸附量达29.85 mg/g;随溶液初始pH增大,吸附量增大;无机电解质NaCl、MgCl_2和AlCl_3以及EDTA和柠檬酸均可以抑制CuSO_4在皂土上的吸附。     

利用磷肥生产废弃物制备4A分子筛

以磷肥生产废弃物氟硅酸制备氟化铵溶液时副产的白碳黑为原料,以铝矾土为铝源,制备了晶化导向剂,并采用水热法制备了4A分子筛.考察了晶化导向剂加入量、晶化时间和晶化温度对4A分子筛性能的影响.实验结果表明,当晶化导向剂的加入量为7%(质量分数)、晶化温度为80℃、晶化时间为2 h时,制备的4A分子筛的钙交换容量(以CaCO_3计)为336 mg/g,并采用X射线衍射仪和红外光谱仪对4A分子筛的结构进行了表征.     

《化工环保》第4卷总索引

一九八四年第一期(总第十九期)把化工环境保护与发展生产紧密结合起来紫外分光光度法测定炼油废水中总氰化物 抓紧抓好······……化工部环保办公室(2)·…“…”··…”···……~·”·…申开莲等(42)催化嫩烧法治理苯醉生产尾气炎黑废水中硫化物的测定”··…”…周     

一种C4馏分的加氢方法

该专利公开了一种C4馏分的加氢方法。原料C4馏分与氢气混合后进人加氢反应器,先与加氢催化剂Ⅰ接触进行二烯烃加氢饱和反应,其反应生成物不经分离直接与加氢催化剂Ⅱ接触进行杂质脱除和烯烃加氢饱和反应,所得的反应流出物经冷却、分离后,得到C4馏分产品。采用该方法能在较为缓和的反应条件下,脱除原料C4馏分中的大部分烯烃,得到的C4馏分产品中的烯烃含量小于1．0％,     

用废锂电池制备Co3O4

将废锂电池正极用酸溶解,再分别采用分步沉淀法和吸附沉淀法去除废锂电池液中的Fe^3＋,Al^3＋,Ca^2＋,Mg^2＋,抽滤后得到含CoSO。的滤液;用NaHCO3作沉淀剂,对CoSO4滤液进行沉淀反应,将得到的沉淀物过滤、洗涤、干燥后得CoCO4粉末;将CoCO4粉末进行煅烧后得Co3O4粉末。实验得出的制备CoCO4粉末的最佳工艺条件：反应温度50℃,用NaHCO,作沉淀剂;制备Co3O4粉末的最佳工艺条件：煅烧温度600℃,煅烧时间大于4h。在该条件下得到的Co3O4粉末符合锂电池生产的要求。     

海南4年内将形成回收拆解体系

由海南省环科院承担的《海南省废弃电器电子产品处理发展规划(2011—2015)》(以下简称《规划》)通过专家评审。《规划》提出,到2015年海南省要基本形成覆盖全省的多元化废弃电器电子产品回收体系和规范化拆解处理体系,全面提高废弃电器电子产品无害化处置和资源化利用水平。据介绍,该《规划》围绕促进海南省废弃电器电子产品处理行业健康发展的主题,全面分析了全省废弃电器电子产品回收处理现状及存在的主要问题;以主要家电社会保有量为基础,预测"十二五"期间废