TiO_2光催化涂料的制备及其降解甲醛研究

自制TiO_2光催化涂料,重点对所制备的涂料在室内进行降解甲醛研究,考察了在不同分散剂、不同光催化剂以及不同甲醛初始浓度、不同光源、不同温度和不同湿度等环境因素下涂料对甲醛降解率的影响。结果表明,选用聚丙烯酸钠离子型分散剂,铜金属掺杂TiO_2光催化剂制备的光催化涂料对甲醛降解率达80%以上且具有良好的耐久性,在室温(20℃左右)湿度50%日光灯照射下,甲醛初始浓度5μL时效果最佳。     

TiO2光催化涂料的制备及其降解甲醛研究

自制TiO2光催化涂料,重点对所制备的涂料在室内进行降解甲醛研究,考察了在不同分散剂、不同光催化剂以及不同甲醛初始浓度、不同光源、不同温度和不同湿度等环境因素下涂料对甲醛降解率的影响。结果表明,选用聚丙烯酸钠离子型分散剂,铜金属掺杂TiO2光催化剂制备的光催化涂料对甲醛降解率达80％以上且具有良好的耐久性,在室温（20℃左右）湿度50％日光灯照射下,甲醛初始浓度5μL时效果最佳。     

纳米生态建筑涂料光催化降解甲醛的研究

以掺加纳米TiO2制备的光催化建筑涂料为催化剂,研究了在紫外光照条件下对气态甲醛的催化降解,并探讨了纳米催化剂晶型、用量和吸附量对光催化降解甲醛的影响。实验结果表明,锐钛型纳米TiO2具有较高的光催化降解甲醛的活性,1h甲醛的降解率可达到70％左右,产物主要为二氧化碳和水;光催化降解甲醛受到涂膜上吸附量的较大影响;该涂料对甲醛的光催化降解反应表现出一级动力学速率规律,且具有良好的线性关系。     

BiOBr光催化剂微球的制备及其对药物废水光催化降解的研究

以Bi(NO_3)_3·5H_2O为铋源,KBr为溴源,在乙二醇中成功制得BiOBr微球。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和紫外可见漫反射光谱对所制备产物进行了表征。结果表明,前驱体铋源和溴源用量影响了BiOBr的形貌尺寸和光吸收性质,进而影响了其对药物废水的光催化降解性能。其中铋源和溴源用量均为0.04mol/L时,制得的BiOBr微球可有效降解卡马西平、磺胺甲噁唑和双氯芬酸钠溶液,表明基于BiOBr的光催化技术可有效用于降解药物废水。     

改性TiO_2光催化降解三苯甲烷类污染物

以硫酸钛为原料采用水热法制备了掺Fe3＋TiO2晶体粉末,采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）对样品的结构进行了表征。在可见光条件下,用溴酚蓝、甲基绿、甲基蓝、孔雀石绿、甲基紫和碱性品红等6种典型三苯甲烷类化合物为目标降解物,研究了以自制的掺Fe3＋TiO2晶体粉末对它们的催化降解作用。实验结果表明,制备的掺Fe3＋TiO2晶体属于锐钛矿型。6种化合物的光催化降解反应遵循拟一级动力学规律,且可用Langmuir-Hinshelwood（L-H）动力学模型描述,其表观反应速度常数（k）的大小顺序为：溴酚蓝〈甲基绿〈甲基蓝〈孔雀石绿〈甲基紫〈碱性品红,大小变化次序与其半衰期t1/2成反比,并从分子结构上对它们的降解规律进行定性解释。     

可溶性染料光催化降解研究

本文研究了使用半导体光催化法处理可溶性染料水溶液的降解情况。以直接耐酸大红4BS、酸性红G为例进行了试验。实验表明,在浓度约为10ppm的水溶液中,当高压汞灯照射20～30分钟后,两染料都已脱色,并伴随染料分子中的芳环断裂。     

一株苯好氧降解菌的分离及其降解特性研究

从一长期被苯类工业废水污染的土壤中驯化分离出一株能快速降解苯胺的菌株,初步鉴定为假单胞菌属。该菌株在5-35℃,都可以20mg/L的苯为碳源进行生长并完全降解苯,最适宜的生长温度为25℃;在pH为5-9范围内,可以生长并降解20mg/L的苯,偏碱性更适合细菌生长;培养过程中振荡速率大于120r/min,降解速率最大。     

UV-Fenton氧化法降解有机氟废水

针对有机氟废水中有机氟化合物C-F键稳定性强、难于降解的特点,采用UV-Fenton氧化法对五氟丙烷(F245)产品样品废水进行氧化降解处理,目的在于建立一种有机氟废水降解的有效方法。通过在波长185 nm紫外灯照射下,对温度、pH、催化剂以及催化剂与H2O2的比例4个因素进行正交实验设计,确定了反应的最佳条件:温度49℃、pH为4、催化剂Fe2+浓度1 mmol/L、Fe2+/H2O2比例1:50、反应时间24 h。实验结果表明,五氟丙烷(F245)产品样品废水经UV-Fenton氧化法降解处理后,有机氟被完全降解。     

改性TiO2光催化降解三苯甲烷类污染物

以硫酸钛为原料采用水热法制备了掺Fe3+TiO2晶体粉末,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对样品的结构进行了表征。在可见光条件下,用溴酚蓝、甲基绿、甲基蓝、孔雀石绿、甲基紫和碱性品红等6种典型三苯甲烷类化合物为目标降解物,研究了以自制的掺Fe3+TiO2晶体粉末对它们的催化降解作用。实验结果表明,制备的掺Fe3+TiO2晶体属于锐钛矿型。6种化合物的光催化降解反应遵循拟一级动力学规律,且可用Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)动力学模型描述,其表观反应速度常数(k)的大小顺序为:溴酚蓝<甲基绿<甲基蓝<孔雀石绿<甲基紫<碱性品红,大小变化次序与其半衰期t1/2成反比,并从分子结构上对它们的降解规律进行定性解释。     

旋转盘反应器光催化降解苯酚废水动力学

采用旋转盘反应器(SDR)降解苯酚废水,对苯酚初始浓度、溶液pH值、H2O2的添加对其光催化降解动力学的影响进行了研究。结果表明,SDR内的光催化降解动力学特征符合一级反应动力学规律。苯酚初始浓度越低,反应速率常数k值越大;溶液pH=2时的降解速率高于其他pH值;H2O2的协同作用使苯酚的降解速率明显提高,其速率常数k值为未添加H2O2时的78倍。     

TiO2光催化降解水中苯酚的试验研究

以悬浆态TiO2为光催化剂，在紫外光催化反应器中，进行了苯酚溶液的动态光催化降解性能的研究，考察了TiO2用量、TiO2焙烧温度、溶液pH值以及循环流量对苯酚光催化降解的影响。结果表明，TiO2用量1．0g／L，TiO2焙烧温度450℃，循环流量20L／h，紫外光照反应5h，苯酚去除率为71．2％。     

Photocatalytic Degradation of an Organophosphorus Pesticide Phosalone in Aqueous Suspensions of Titanium Dioxide

Abstract

The present work deals with photocatalytic degradation of an organophosphorus pesticide, phosalone, in water in the presence of TiO₂ particles under UV light illumination (1000 W). The influence of the basic photocatalytic parameters such as pH of the solution, amount of TiO₂, irradiation time, stirring rate, and distance from UV source, on the photodegradation efficiency of phosalone was investigated. The degradation rate of phosalone was not high when the photolysis was carried out in the absence of TiO₂ and it was negligible in the absence of UV light. The half-life (DT₅₀) of a 20 ppm aqueous solution of phosalone was 15 min in optimized conditions. The plot of lnC (phosalone) vs. time was linear, suggesting first order reaction (K = 0.0532 min^?1). The half-life time of photomineralization in the concentration range of 7.5–20 ppm was 13.02 min. The efficiency of the method was also determined by measuring the reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). During the mineralization under optimized conditions, COD decreased by more than 45% at irradiation time of 15 min. The photodegradation of phosalone was enhanced by addition of proper amount of hydrogen peroxide (150 ppm).     

掺银TiO2光催化降解活性艳红X-3B的研究

通过活性艳红X-3B的光降解，评价了掺银改性TiO2的光催化活性。研究结果表明，适量的银离子掺杂可显著提高TiO2的光催化活性。掺银TiO2光降解X-3B反应的动力学符合Langmuir—Hinshelhood模型，掺银改性能使TiO2对太阳光的利用率有极大提高。     

Photocatalytic Degradation of the Herbicide Erioglaucine in the Presence of Nanosized Titanium Dioxide: Comparison and Modeling of Reaction Kinetics

The present work mainly deals with photocatalytic degradation of a herbicide, erioglaucine, in water in the presence of TiO₂ nanoparticles (Degussa P-25) under ultraviolet (UV) light illumination (30 W). The degradation rate of erioglaucine was not so high when the photolysis was carried out in the absence of TiO₂ and it was negligible in the absence of UV light. We have studied the influence of the basic photocatalytic parameters such as pH of the solution, amount of TiO₂, irradiation time and initial concentration of erioglaucine on the photodegradation efficiency of erioglaucine. A kinetic model is applied for the photocatalytic oxidation by the UV/TiO₂ system. Experimental results indicated that the photocatalytic degradation process could be explained in terms of the Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model. The values of the adsorption equilibrium constant, K, and the second order kinetic rate constant, k, were 0.116 ppm^{? 1} and 0.984 ppm min^{? 1}, respectively. In this work, we also compared the reactivity between the commercial TiO₂ Degussa P-25 and a rutile TiO₂. The photocatalytic activities of both photocatalysts were tested using the herbicide solution. We have noticed that photodegradation efficiency was different between both of them. The higher photoactivity of Degussa P-25 compared to that of rutile TiO₂ for the photodegradation of erioglaucine may be due to higher hydroxyl content, higher surface area, nano-size and crystallinity of the Degussa P-25. Our results also showed that the UV/TiO₂ process with Degussa P-25 as photocatalyst was appropriate as the effective treatment method for removal of erioglaucine from a real wastewater. The electrical energy consumption per order of magnitude for photocatalytic degradation of erioglaucine was lower with Degussa P-25 than in the presence of rutile TiO₂.     

2,2-二氯乙烯基二甲基磷酸酯在TiO2/H2O界面上光催化降解

实验研究了２,２－二氯乙烯基二甲基磷酸酯在ＴｉＯ２／Ｈ２Ｏ界面上光催化降解的最适空气通入量,初始ＰＨ值, 不同浓度的调变性助催经剂Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ａｇ＾＋在供Ｏ２条件下对ＴｉＯ２光催化降解有机磷速率的影响。     

BOD生物传感器的研制与应用

介绍了ＢＯＤ生物传感器的原理、研制过程以及实际测定。该仪器测定ＢＯＤ的周期为３０ｍｉｎ，有较高的精密度和准确度，与稀释法有良好的相关性，可以及时信息反馈，特别适用于污水处理过程中的控制分析以及ＢＯＤ的快速测定。     

纳米Fe3O4的制备及其对对硝基甲苯的催化降解

采用共沉淀法制备了纳米四氧化三铁（Fe3O4），并进行必要表征，制备所得的Fe3O4粒径与商品Fe3O4相当，均为15～20nm。在中性、碱性条件下，制备的材料表面带负电，而在弱酸性条件下，则带正电。制备出的Fe3O4与商品的Fe3O4一样，对对硝基甲苯具有相同的机械催化降解效率，均符合准一级反应动力学。     

超声波处理废水有机污染物的机理及应用

综合介绍了超声波降解水体中有机物技术的国内外研究现状,包括超声空化机理,声化学反应器类型,有机物降解的影响因素.并探讨了这种工艺的研究方向与应用前景.     

An Improved Model for Analyzing the Performance of Photocatalytic Oxidation Reactors in Removing Volatile Organic Compounds and Its Application

Abstract

An improved photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) reactor model was developed to analyze the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air. One new parameter, the average total removing factor K _t, together with the other two parameters, the number of mass transfer units NTU_m and the fractional conversion e, are found to be the main parameters influencing the photooxidation performance of PCO reactors. Three new parameters, the ideal reaction number of mass transfer units, NTU_m,ir; the ideal reaction fractional conversion, ε_ir; and the reaction effectiveness, η, also are defined. These concepts are helpful to the structural design and optimization for PCO reactors. The application of the model in designing a plate-type PCO reactor is demonstrated. This study shows that the present model is an effective tool for designing PCO reactors and for evaluating VOC removal performance of available PCO reactors.     

Degradation of lansoprazole and omeprazole in the aquatic environment

Lansoprazole and omeprazole degrade in water leading to sulfides, benzimidazolones and a red complex material. Degradation is accelerated in acid medium and by solar simulator irradiation. Benzimidazoles, dianilines and pyridines have also been identified.