Environmental management zoning for coal mining in mainland China based on ecological and resources conditions

The purpose of this research is to establish an environmental management zoning for coal mining industry which is served as a basis for making environmental management policies. Based on the specific impacts of coal mining and regional characteristics of environment and resources, the ecological impact, water resources impact, and arable land impact are chose as the zoning indexes to construct the index system. The ecological sensitivity is graded into three levels of low, medium, and high according to analytical hierarchy processes and gray fixed weight clustering analysis, and the water resources sensitivity is divided into five levels of lower, low, medium, high, and higher according to the weighted sum of sub-indexes, while only the arable land sensitive zone was extracted on the basis of the ratio of arable land to the county or city. By combining the ecological sensitivity zoning and the water resources sensitive zoning and then overlapping the arable-sensitive areas, the mainland China is classified into six types of environmental management zones for coal mining except to the forbidden exploitation areas.     

基于AHP-RANC模型的湖南省“十三五”生态环境评价

以湖南省“十三五”时期生态环境状况及变化情况为研究内容,在采用压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型确定湖南省生态环境质量评价指标的基础上,使用改进的层次分析-基于排名和非层次比较法(AHP-RANC)计算各指标权重,构建了湖南省生态环境质量综合评价体系,并对“十三五”期间湖南省生态环境系统进行综合评价。分析结果表明：城市环境优良天数比例、酸雨频率、地表水优Ⅲ比例、饮用水水源达标率、生物丰度指数、各污染物万元国内生产总值排放总量、污水处理率以及一般工业固体废物处理率等是影响湖南省生态环境质量的重要因素;“十三五”期间湖南省生态环境综合评价指数逐步改善,由最低值0.291(2016年)波动上升至最高值0.705(2020年),PSR循环由一般变为较好;从综合分析结果来看,生态环境质量受“天”和“人”影响较大,“十四五”期间生态环境系统的良性循环有待进一步巩固加强。     

区域水环境监测网络优化及评价考核方法研究

科学合理地布设水质监测断面是全面准确获取水环境质量监测数据的前提条件。利用研究区域现有断面2014年的监测数据,结合水资源调度方式和水环境功能区划要求,划分为五大片区并采用聚类分析方法进行断面优化,通过F检验和t检验表明优化前后断面无显著差异。同时,提出了一种综合的水环境质量考核办法——区域水环境综合评价考核指标,该指标包括骨干河道、乡村河道两类考核断面,采用综合水质评价与单因子评价相结合的方法,设置适当的权重系数,评价结果较为全面、客观地反映区域水环境质量状况,基本满足对区域水环境质量考核评价的管理需求。     

Applying the grey assessment to the evaluation system of ecological green space on greening projects in Taiwan

This study is designed to develop an alternative evaluation method for ecological green space. It offers criteria for identifying ecological green space on building sites. The grey decision-making method is applied to assess the greening project at the first step. The evaluation items are rebuilt by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method at the second step. The range of standard values and the weighting values are also obtained by AHP. Grey classes are identified using the whitening weight function of the grey number. The evaluation system of the ecological green space is framed by grey clusters. We considered the factors of building environment and the scale of building sites in the ecological greenery of green building sites.This study proposes a new model to solve the problems hard to be quantified. Especially for those ecological benefits are too close to decide. Architects and landscape architects can input the engineering data and the design information into the ecological greenery assessment system. The identification and assessment system of green space is fit for Taiwan area. We will obtain the best greening project by the maximum value of absolute degree of grey incidence (max{varepsilon ( ij )}) in grey-decision making. The maximum value of synthetic clustering coefficient (max{sigma ( k )}) in grey clustering assessment reflects the quality and variation of green space.     

宁夏太阳山湿地水生生态系统健康评价

通过在太阳山湿地设置11个采样点,监测水质及生物等17个指标,采用层次分析法、熵值法确定指标权重,运用灰色关联法、模糊综合评价法对研究区水生生态系统的健康状况进行评价。结果表明：在层次分析法赋权下,经灰色关联法评价得南湖为亚健康,其余湖为不健康;经模糊综合评价法得4个湖为病态。在熵值法赋权下,经灰色关联法评价得南湖为很健康,其余湖为不健康;经模糊综合评价得西湖为不健康,南湖为很健康,其余湖为病态。结合两种评价方法的计算过程及研究区实际情况,模糊综合评价结果较灰色关联法更符合实际。     

Environmental impact of coal mining and coal seam gas production on surface water quality in the Sydney basin,Australia

The extraction of coal and coal seam gas (CSG) will generate produced water that, if not adequately treated, will pollute surface and groundwater systems. In Australia, the discharge of produced water from coal mining and related activities is regulated by the state environment agency through a pollution licence. This licence sets the discharge limits for a range of analytes to protect the environment into which the produced water is discharged. This study reports on the impact of produced water from coal mine activities located within or discharging into high conservation environments, such as National Parks, in the outer region of Sydney, Australia. The water samples upstream and downstream from the discharge points from six mines were taken, and 110 parameters were tested. The results were assessed against a water quality index (WQI) which accounts for pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and E .coli. The water quality assessment based on the trace metal contents against various national maximum admissible concentration (MAC) and their corresponding environmental impacts was also included in the study which also established a base value of water quality for further study. The study revealed that impacted water downstream of the mine discharge points contained higher metal content than the upstream reference locations. In many cases, the downstream water was above the Australia and New Zealand Environment Conservation Council and international water quality guidelines for freshwater stream. The major outliers to the guidelines were aluminium (Al), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn). The WQI of surface water at and downstream of the discharge point was lower when compared to upstream or reference conditions in the majority of cases. Toxicology indices of metals present in industrial discharges were used as an additional tool to assess water quality, and the newly proposed environmental water quality index (EWQI) lead to better trend in the impact of coal and coal seam gas mining activities on surface water quality when compared to the upstream reference water samples. Metal content limits were based on the impact points assigned by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, USA. For environmental and health impact assessment, the approach used in this study can be applied as a model to provide a basis to assess the anthropogenic contribution from the industrial and mining activities on the environment.     

县域生态环境质量考评方法研究

通过对县域生态环境质量的考评方法研究,认为县域生态环境质量评价及其指标体系由重庆环境质量背景、人类对生态环境的影响程度及人类对生态环境的适宜度需求３部分组成。提出了县域生态环境质量考评的指标体系和评价方法。介绍了县域生态环境质量考评指标体系的基本原则,体系组成及部分指标说明和县域生态环境质量的评价方法。     

化工企业VOCs治理评估指标体系的建立与应用

在对江苏省化工企业开展挥发性有机物(VOCs)治理核查评估的基础上,采用层次分析(AHP)与模糊综合评价(FCE)相结合的方法,运用化工企业AHP-FCE综合评估模型,建立了包括项目建立、现场排查、评估分析和管理监督4个准则层及22个指标层的化工企业VOCs治理综合评估体系。以江苏某化工园区企业为例,运用建立的指标体系对3家企业进行VOCs治理评估,结果表明,评估结果与企业实际状况相符。提出,VOCs治理评估指标体系的应用,可确定指标权重,解决模糊性问题,减少企业在VOCs整治绩效评估中的主观臆断,具有实际应用价值。     

城市声环境功能区划中的3S技术应用探索

探索3S技术在声环境功能区划中的应用.根据噪声的相关标准规范,应用3S技术开展桂林城区声环境普查和声功能区划的划分.结合传统的噪声监测评价方法和模糊数学聚类方法,探讨3S资源利用和精度控制、GPS应用、影像解译和GIS空间分析中的作用、特点及问题.3S技术使监测部门拥有获取城市基础数据的能力.     

Assessing regional environmental quality by integrated use of remote sensing,GIS, and spatial multi-criteria evaluation for prioritization of environmental restoration

This study was an attempt to analyse the regional environmental quality with the application of remote sensing, geographical information system, and spatial multiple criteria decision analysis and, to project a quantitative method applicable to identify the status of the regional environment of the study area. Using spatial multi-criteria evaluation (SMCE) approach with expert knowledge in this study, an integrated regional environmental quality index (REQI) was computed and classified into five levels of regional environment quality viz. worse, poor, moderate, good, and very good. During the process, a set of spatial criteria were selected (here, 15 criterions) together with the degree of importance of criteria in sustainability of the regional environment. Integrated remote sensing and GIS technique and models were applied to generate the necessary factors (criterions) maps for the SMCE approach. The ranking, along with expected value method, was used to standardize the factors and on the other hand, an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was applied for calculating factor weights. The entire process was executed in the integrated land and water information system (ILWIS) software tool that supports SMCE. The analysis showed that the overall regional environmental quality of the area was at moderate level and was partly determined by elevation. Areas under worse and poor quality of environment indicated that the regional environmental status showed decline in these parts of the county. The study also revealed that the human activities, vegetation condition, soil erosion, topography, climate, and soil conditions have serious influence on the regional environment condition of the area. Considering the regional characteristics of environmental quality, priority, and practical needs for environmental restoration, the study area was further regionalized into four priority areas which may serve as base areas of decision making for the recovery, rebuilding, and protection of the environment.     

潘集矿区塌陷水域水质评价及其综合利用

采煤塌陷水域是淮南潘集矿区一种特殊的地表水体.为了对潘集矿区塌陷水域进行水质评价和提供水资源综合利用的理论基础,选择了潘一矿区典型的两个塌陷水域,采用格网法布设39个采样点对水质进行全面采样监测,分析了水体的重金属元素和部分理化指标并运用数学模糊综合评判法对水质进行了评价.结果表明,封闭性较好的l'水域水质由水体中间向两岸呈递减趋势,中间断面水质为Ⅲ类;与泥河连通的2#水域水质较差,所有监测断面水质均为Ⅳ、Ⅴ类.由于矿业污染源的影响,导致2#水域的重金属元素污染强度高于1#水域.各塌陷水域均已受到不同程度污染,然而丰富的塌陷水资源若合理保护和综合开发利用可带来显著的环境效益和经济效益.     

基于PSO-PPE模型的黑龙江省水资源生态安全探析

针对黑龙江省水资源生态环境现状,构建以水资源、社会经济、生态环境为子系统的水资源生态安全评价指标体系。运用粒子群算法(PSO)优化投影寻踪评价模型(PPE),对黑龙江省水资源生态安全进行研究。结果表明,该地区2003—2016年水资源生态安全整体呈现上升趋势。水资源污染指数和工业万元产值耗水量等指标状态的极大改善,使得2009、2013年水资源生态安全程度分别较前一年增加67.16%和98.76%。2003—2016年水资源、生态环境系统发展波动较大,前者略有降低,后者上升,社会经济系统(权重为0.426 5)发展最为迅速且对水资源生态安全影响最显著。对水资源生态安全影响最显著的指标有人均湿地面积、农业万元产值耗水量、水资源污染指数、工业用水比例、工业万元产值耗水量。该评价结果可为当地政府及环保部门制定政策提供理论参考。     

江苏省水质全要素代表性监测体系的设计

为了评价并进行城市水环境质量考核排名,介绍了江苏省组织开展涵盖地表水、饮用水、地下水、近岸海域和城市内河5种类型"全要素、代表性"水质监测断面(点位)体系建设工作的情况以及全要素断面设置的基本原则和做法。分苏南、苏北、苏中3个区域,对全省地表水监测代表性进行了量化计算,结果表明,调整后全省水质综合指数极差从41.07降至7.17,标准差从3.16降为0.49;采用德尔斐层次分析法分析,设计了水质代表性指数,含1项一级指标、5项二级指标、12项三级指标,计算表明,调整前全省水质代表性指数得分为69.1分,调整后为88.7分。将调整结果进行论证后再与各市环保主管部门交换意见,取得最终一致后正式实施。     

曹妃甸围填海工程的环境影响回顾性评价

围填海回顾性评价是一项涉及面广、内容复杂的分析评价工作。要做出准确、科学的评价,就必须有一套科学的后评价方法和指标体系,评价出项目实际目标与可行性研究阶段预测情况的偏离度,从而比较客观地做出评判。文章建立了围填海工程的海洋生态环境影响回顾性评价指标体系、评价标准与评价方法,并综合运用层次分析法对曹妃甸围填海工程的海洋生态、水动力环境、水质环境和底质环境影响进行回顾性综合评价。该方法克服了传统定性评价的主观性缺点,从而得出比较客观、科学的评价结果,为衡量和分析曹妃甸围填海工程对海洋环境的累积影响及后期围填海工程的环境管理与决策提供了依据。     

贵州煤矿区表层水-沉积物重金属分布特征及来源分析——以新寨河为例

为探索贵州煤矿区表层水-沉积物中重金属的分布特征及来源,科学制定环境保护与污染治理措施,以新寨河为研究对象,在11个样点共采集66个表层水体和沉积物样品,通过对Cd、Pb、Cr、Zn、Cu、As、Hg、Fe、Mn等9种重金属元素进行分析,揭示其在新寨河的空间分布特征。同时,利用多指数法开展了有毒重金属元素污染状况评价,通过相关性分析和主成分分析解析了重金属的来源。结果表明,新寨河流域表层水体中,Fe、Mn点位超标率达100%。表层水中重金属元素的平均含量排序为Fe＞Mn＞Zn＞Cu＞Cr＞As＞Cd＞Pb＞Hg,而沉积物中重金属元素的平均含量排序则是Fe＞Mn＞Zn＞Cr＞Cu＞As＞Pb＞Cd＞Hg,表明新寨河表层水体和沉积物中重金属元素的空间分布存在一定差异。各重金属元素的内梅罗综合污染指数介于0.59~1.13之间,表明新寨河表层水体中重金属的污染程度达到轻微污染水平。单种重金属元素的潜在生态危害系数计算结果显示,90.91%和9.09%的沉积物样点分别被归类为轻微风险和中等风险。所有样点沉积物的潜在生态危害指数介于14.57~120.55之间(均值为72.08),表明新寨河沉积物的潜在生态风险较低。Cu、As在多个样点存在污染现象,需予以重点监控管理。新寨河流域重金属的来源可分为三大类:Cd、Pb、Cr、Zn、Cu为第一类,对应地表径流源;As、Fe、Mn为第二类,对应煤矿开采源;Hg为第三类,对应复合源。     

华北地区滨海湿地生态系统健康评价体系构建研究

以华北地区滨海湿地中的天津宁河七里海湿地为例,以PSR模型作为评价基础框架,运用可持续发展的理论、环境生态学、城市生态学、景观生态学等科学理论,结合社会经济资料收集、地面数据的采集与生态环境现状调查,应用层次分析法(AHP),在咨询专家意见的基础上,利用T L Saaty的标度法,构建了华北地区滨海湿地生态系统健康评价体系。体系由压力子系统、状态子系统、响应子系统构成,共筛选出三大类共计19项综合指标,其中压力指标6项、状态指标9项、响应指标4项。通过实际验证,该评价体系能客观地反映出湿地生态系统健康水平,可为环境管理部门的科学决策以及湿地的可持续发展提供技术支持,可供其他滨海地区湿地评价时参考。     

用模糊贴近度方法评价土壤重金属污染程度

分析了模糊贴近度方法用于土壤环境质量评价的基本步骤,并以贵州省遵义市环境质量评价为实例,探讨了模糊贴近度方法在土壤环境质量评价中的应用。结果表明,基于模糊贴近度的土壤环境质量评价原理直观、客观,计算方法简单,能较完整地反映土壤环境质量污染程度,是一种实用而准确的评价方法。     

水环境指示生物筛选及水质评价方法研究

以齐齐哈尔市近30年地表水生物监测数据、理化监测数据为研究依据,提出一套基于指示生物的地表水体评价方法。该方法将地表水体划分为5个级别,并从中筛选出每个级别对应的指示生物,最终建立一套基于指示生物描述水体污染程度的评价体系。该方法以理化指标为基础,筛选多种优势种作为指示生物,对水体进行综合评价。相比单一生物监测评价指标,该评价方法更能反映整个生态系统状况,从而更客观地反映水体真实情况,有望为地表水体污染评价新方法的建立提供参考。     

模糊综合评价在青藏铁路西格段沿线生态环境影响评价中的应用

介绍了模糊综合评价方法,并应用该方法对青藏铁路(西格段)沿线的环境影响,尤其是生态环境影响进行了评价.实例表明,被评价范围内的生态环境敏感性为中等,青藏铁路(西格段)增建第二线的工程对原有地形植被、生态环境造成了一定影响.模糊综合评价方法对于生态环境影响分析与评价具有重要的参考意义和应用价值.     

基于RS的徐州市区生态环境动态监测与评价分析

近年来,随着城市化进程推,城市生态环境正逐步恶化。徐州作为老矿业城市,情况尤其不为乐观,以徐州市区为例作生态评价分析。按照代表性、可操作性、适应性、可比性和方便性原则,选取了植被覆盖度、生物丰度、水网密度、人均绿地面积、城市环境污染负荷指数和环境质量综合指数作为评价指标来进行生态环境质量指数的计算。根据评价指标,选用1994年、2000年和2007年三个时相徐州市TM影像,对土地利用、河流水库、植被、人均绿地等方面进行遥感动态监测,然后对该地区13年来生态环境演变做了定量评价分析。评价结果表明,徐州市区生态环境质量由1994年的良好水平退化为一般水平,且有逐年下降恶化趋势,这与该区城市化进程一致。