炼油污水深度处理回用的中试

采用两级曝气生物滤池和多介质滤池相串联的中试装置,连续处理某炼油厂污水车间二浮出水,主要考察了中试装置对污水中主要污染物的去除效果和规律,并确定了适宜的气水比。试验结果表明:采用该工艺时,除石油类外,其它各项指标都达到《循环冷却水用再生水水质标准》(HG/T3923-2007)要求的水质指标;两级曝气生物滤池的气水比分别选用5.6∶1和5∶1为宜;验证了BAF是通过生物氧化和过滤两种作用来去除COD,第一段BAF以去除污水中碳化有机物为主,第二段BAF主要以去除污水中的NH4+-N为主。     

论污水处理厂增设中水回用系统的意义

本文结合辽源市污水处理厂现状,阐述了中水回用技术在污水处理厂和工业用水上的意义。     

曝气生物滤池处理化工污水研究

曝气生物滤池是80年代末在欧美发展起来的一种新型污水处理技术。它采用了一种新型粒状填料,综合了过滤、吸附和生物代谢等多种净化作用,具有占地小、出水质量好、流程简单、对环境影响小等诸多优点。文章介绍了曝气生物滤池生物膜的形成及净化机理,并取某石化公司化工污水处理厂调节池出水进行了实验,主要对水中COD、BOD、SS去除效果进行分析,结果表明:曝气生物滤池具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力,运转方便、设备简单。     

中水回用是城市污水资源化的有效途径

概述了中水回用技术的发展,分析了中水回用的经济利益,认为中水回用是解决水危机的有效途径。     

长庆油田生活污水回用技术研究

文章分析了目前长庆油田站场生活污水处理工艺存在的问题,对生活污水处理工艺进行了改进,采用膜生物反应器工艺处理生活污水以得到优质的中水,从而回收利用。通过对实际工程进行水质监测,COD、氨氮、浊度的去除效果好于GB 18920-2002《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》中冲厕、绿化等用水要求。通过中水回用,形成"给水→利用→处理→循环利用"的中水回用模式,既节约了新鲜水,又减少了污水排放,保护了油区生态环境。     

含油污水回用处理新工艺研究

研究了一种处理回用含油污水的新工艺,二期炼油污水深度处理中试研究表明,以炼油企业二级处理达标排放污水为处理对象,在使用该工艺处理水量为0.5m3/h、水力停留时间为1.49h 以及污水中COD、氨氮、石油类的浓度变化分别为44.07～102.13 mg/L、28.37～50.01 mg/L、4.10～6.77 mg/L时,平均去除率分别达到94%、96.1%、91.9%,其排出水质符合循环水补充水的水质要求。对该工艺进行了5.5h抗冲击实验,结果表明其抗冲击能力优良。     

居住区生活污水资源化的探讨

城镇居住区的生活污水资源化越来越受到关注,掌握其水质水量变化趋势对收集、处理和资源化利用十分必要。分别以北方某城市、南方某城市、东部某城市的典型居住区为例,开展了水质水量调查。研究表明,居住区的水量变化规律有很强的地区差异性,且与当地的生活习惯有很大关系。北方地区的污水各项污染物浓度平均比南方地区高10%。主要污染物的浓度与用水量有一定相关性,除去夜间的洗浴时间,在用水高峰期尤其是清晨期间浓度较高。     

某电厂生活污水再生处理回用系统设计与调试

随着水危机问题日益严峻,再生水回用已经成为解决水资源担缺的重要途径之一。河北某电厂采用“顸处理-悬挂链曝气生物移动床-深度过滤-臭氧消毒”工艺对原生活污水处理系统进行改造,处理后再生水用作循环冷却水补给水。经过填料挂膜及联机试运行,再生水水质指标为：CODcr=11.8mg／L,BOD5=3、8mg／L,SS=6mg／L,pH=7．67,大肠杆菌群≤3个／L,水质符合循环冷却水补给水的国家标准。该工艺可以广泛应用于生活污水的再生处理回用。     

组合工艺处理上虞市总干渠微污染原水的中试启动研究

根据上虞市总干渠微污染原水水质特点,采用混凝沉淀＋曝气生物沸石滤池（ZBAF）＋活性炭滤池（GAC）组合工艺进行中试研究,考察了运行初期ZBAF的挂膜启动情况和组合工艺整体对此类水体的处理效果。结果表明：ZBAF在水温25℃~29℃、气水比1∶2、滤速2.5m/h下运行20天即挂膜成功;挂膜成熟后,组合工艺在5m/h滤速下对浊度、氨氮、UV254、CODMn的去除率分别达99%、85%、70%和75%,出水水质良好,浊度、氨氮、CODMn分别稳定在0.5NTU、0.1mg/L、1.5 mg/L以下。     

胜利油田采油废水污染现状及达标处理技术探讨

介绍了油田采油外排污水的污染现状,并对油田主要的采油污水处理技术及其在生产中的应用情况进行了调查、分析与评价。调研结果表明:油田采油污水的外排量较大,处理达标率很低,环境污染严重;目前采用的大部分采油外排污水处理技术已不能适应油田生产的需求,必须研究开发新的采油外排污水处理技术。利用氧化塘技术处理桩西联采油废水和利用生物接触氧化法处理孤岛采油废水的工程实验获得成功,废水最终达标排放。     

Characterization of municipal and dairy wastewaters with 30 quality parameters and potential wastewater treatment by biological trickling filters

This study aimed to characterize raw municipal and dairy wastewaters. The quality of the collected wastewaters was determined by measuring 30 quality parameters, such as phenols, oxidation-reduction potential, oil and grease, total organic carbon (TOC), manganese, total viable count of bacteria (TVC), salinity, and biodegradability. Results were compared with wastewater disposal standards. This study also aimed to describe the potential application and performance of biological trickling filters (BTFs) in municipal and dairy wastewater treatment. Detailed reviews of trickling filter models were explained. Results revealed that two wastewater samples exceeded standard limits. The raw municipal and dairy wastewaters need treatment prior to disposal to the natural environment. Additionally, BTFs are efficient municipal and dairy wastewater treatments.     

Global and regional potential of wastewater as a water,nutrient and energy source

There is a proactive interest in recovering water, nutrients and energy from waste streams with the increase in municipal wastewater volumes and innovations in resource recovery. Based on the synthesis of wastewater data, this study provides insights into the global and regional “potential” of wastewater as water, nutrient and energy sources while acknowledging the limitations of current resource recovery opportunities and promoting efforts to fast-track high-efficiency returns. The study estimates suggest that, currently, 380 billion m³ (m³ = 1,000 L) of wastewater are produced annually across the world which is a volume five-fold the volume of water passing through Niagara Falls annually. Wastewater production globally is expected to increase by 24% by 2030 and 51% by 2050 over the current level. Among major nutrients, 16.6 Tg (Tg = million metric ton) of nitrogen are embedded in wastewater produced worldwide annually; phosphorus stands at 3.0 Tg and potassium at 6.3 Tg. The full nutrient recovery from wastewater would offset 13.4% of the global demand for these nutrients in agriculture. Beyond nutrient recovery and economic gains, there are critical environmental benefits, such as minimizing eutrophication. At the energy front, the energy embedded in wastewater would be enough to provide electricity to 158 million households. These estimates and projections are based on the maximum theoretical amounts of water, nutrients and energy that exist in the reported municipal wastewater produced worldwide annually. Supporting resource recovery from wastewater will need a step-wise approach to address a range of constraints to deliver a high rate of return in direct support of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 6, 7 and 12, but also other Goals, including adaptation to climate change and efforts in advancing “net-zero” energy processes towards a green economy.     

油田采出水处理技术探讨

对油田采出水进行处理以净化水质,达到各种目的所要求的水质标准,可采用污水回注的处理工艺,污水作为热采锅炉给水处理工艺,污水外排处理工艺。由于不同的水质要求,具体选择最佳的水处理工艺,达到净化水质保护环境的目的。     

氧化法处理水中酚的研究方法综述

目前氧化法处理含酚废水的方法有化学氧化法即臭氧氧化法、Fenton试剂氧化法等，酶催化氧化法以及光化学氧化法即光敏化氧化、光催化氧化法等；分析了它们的优势及存在的问题；并提出了今后的研究方向，即臭氧-生物活性炭、臭氧辐射、臭氧-H2O2技术，水溶性酶制剂连接到固体载体上制成固化酶，H2O2－BAC、O3－H2O2－BAC联用技术等。     

Quantifying the influence of environmental and water conservation attitudes on household end use water consumption

Within the research field of urban water demand management, understanding the link between environmental and water conservation attitudes and observed end use water consumption has been limited. Through a mixed method research design incorporating field-based smart metering technology and questionnaire surveys, this paper reveals the relationship between environmental and water conservation attitudes and a domestic water end use break down for 132 detached households located in Gold Coast city, Australia. Using confirmatory factor analysis, attitudinal factors were developed and refined; households were then categorised based on these factors through cluster analysis technique. Results indicated that residents with very positive environmental and water conservation attitudes consumed significantly less water in total and across the behaviourally influenced end uses of shower, clothes washer, irrigation and tap, than those with moderately positive attitudinal concern. The paper concluded with implications for urban water demand management planning, policy and practice.     

气田含甲醇污水处理问题探讨

气田含甲醇污水处理目前国内尚没有工程实例。结合陕甘宁中部气田含甲醇污水处理设计，对气田含甲醇污水中甲醇的再生工艺方法、厂址确定、净化后含甲醇污水的排放、生产安全及卫生等问题进行了较详细的讨论。     

Tool for assessment of process importance at the groundwater/surface water interface

The groundwater/surface water interface (GWSWI) represents an important transition zone between groundwater and surface water environments that potentially changes the nature and flux of contaminants exchanged between the two systems. Identifying dominant and rate-limiting contaminant transformation processes is critically important for estimating contaminant fluxes and compositional changes across the GWSWI. A new, user-friendly, spreadsheet- and Visual Basic-based analytical screening tool that assists in evaluating the dominance of controlling kinetic processes across the GWSWI is presented. Based on contaminant properties, first-order processes that may play a significant role in solute transport/transformation are evaluated in terms of a ratio of process importance (P_i) that relates the process rate to the rate of fluid transfer. Besides possessing several useful compilations of contaminant and process data, the screening tool also includes 1-D analytical models that assist users in evaluating contaminant transport across the GWSWI. The tool currently applies to 29 organics and 10 inorganics of interest within the context of the GWSWI. Application of the new screening tool is demonstrated through an evaluation of natural attenuation at a site with trichloroethylene and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane contaminated groundwater discharging into wetlands.     

水和废水中酞酸酯类化合物液相色谱分析方法验证

为了对水和废水中酞酸酯类化合物液相色谱分析方法进行验证实验。对方法的最低检出限、校准曲线、密码样和实际水样精密度、准确度,进行了全面的测定分析,三种酞酸酯类化合物的最低检出限为：５．０１～１７．８０ｎｇ,相对标准偏差小于４．２％,加标回收率在８４．１％～９８．９％范围内。