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广州市城市林业管理信息系统的研制开发 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
将GIS技术引进技术林业研究,建立广州市城市林业管理信息系统,该系统具有采集,管理,分析和更新多种区域空间信息的能力,其分六个子系统,公园管理子系统,绿地管理子系统、市郊森林管理子系统、管理机构管理子系统,法规文件管理子系统。可以文字,数据,报表,图形,录像和声音等方式输入、存储、显示、输出绿化系统各类信息,并能随时查阅,检索、修改、录入、删除各类信息。 相似文献
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本文以煤气化工程的典型实例分析为基础,通过对气源厂经济效益的分析,提出了以气化替煤量和节煤量两项指标,进行宏观经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的综合效益分析的步骤及相应的计算公式与方法。 相似文献
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廖立安 《湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报》2001,7(3):19-22
我国林业发展没有取得令人满意效果的主要原因是社会系统与自然系统不能协调发展.土地所有者虚位、国家投入不足、急功近利等都是人组成的社会系统这一控制主体自以为是的结果.树立人与自然是"伙伴关系"的观念,针对社会系统出现的与自然系统不协调的问题采取对策,采取林业社会化发展方式,必将实现林业的社会与自然协调发展. 相似文献
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从工农业生产水平、财政收入、社会发展水平、城乡居民收入水平、森林覆盖率等指标评估宜春市实施生态市建设所取得的实际效益,通过比较现有发展水平与规划指标得出,生态市建设实施十五年以来,宜春市基本达到了规划的经济发展、教育、科技、文化、人口发展控制目标、人民生活提高目标和生态环境控制目标,分析了生态市试点建设中存在的问题,提出了今后生态城市建设的建议。 相似文献
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城市人口与城市环境 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
王德铭 《城市环境与城市生态》1989,2(4):14-17
人口问题是其他问题(资源、能源、粮食、环境)的主要根源。城市人口与城市环境的关系密切。本文从世界、全国、湖北省及武汉市的人口发展分析,指出城市环境的研究核心问题是城市生态系统。提出今后城市应用生态和理论生态学方面可开展研究的内容,以及城市生态系统的调控中应注意应用耗散结构理论、协同论和黑箱方法。研究城市化的过程,重点应是城市人口的增长和分布、土地利用方式、工业化过程、目前的水平和趋势。适宜的人口密度及其良好素质,可提高社会经济活力,提高城市的经济效益,有利于搞好城市环境保护。 相似文献
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马华元 《湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报》2009,15(1):20-23
城市生态系统有自身的特点和独特的功能.城市园林景观建设在建设生态城市中起着重要的作用,但建设中存在很多问题.针对目前衡阳市生态建设存在的问题,提出衡阳市建设生态园林城市应提高公民生态意识和继承人文景观,塑造多样化的自然生态环境,以造就城市景观生态的和谐发展.参2. 相似文献
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论城市生态化与生态城市 总被引:132,自引:2,他引:132
本文从人类文明发展史角度提出了生态化发展模式,论述了城市生态化及其发展对策,在此基础上对生态城市的内涵进行了探讨,提出了建设生态城市实施步骤的设想,以期推动我国城市生态化和生态城市建设工作的开展。 相似文献
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城市发展与城市生态系统评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
陈尧华 《城市环境与城市生态》1994,7(3):27-30
本文从解决城市环境问题出发,根据城市发展与环境污染相互联系,指出了必须改变目前的单个建设项目评价方式,提出了对城市生态系统进行评价的观点,并对城市生态系统评价所涉及的若干问题做了初步探讨分析。 相似文献
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论述了林业生态环境评价的概念、特点、原则、内容、指标和标准等,构建出林业生态环境评价的基本框架,并提出了存在问题和建议。着重指出,林业生态环境的价值多重性决定了林业生态环境评价的特殊性和复杂性。 相似文献
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Urban area expansion is happening at much faster rates in Asian and African cities than elsewhere in the world. This study uses multi-temporal Landsat images to map the urban extent of six small to large cities in West Africa at four different time steps from the early 1970s–2010. The selected cities are Kumasi of Ghana, Daloa of Cote d’Ivoire, Abuja and Kano in Nigeria, Kindia of Guinea, and Ouagadougou of Burkina Faso. All cities revealed significant urban growth in both urban area and population; however, it was apparent that there was a lot of variability in urban area development. Exponential urban growth rates in the cities were measured as ranging between 0.026 and 0.077, with allometric scaling factors matching those of other countries. 相似文献
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森林是稳固和改善生态环境的重要载体,因其能提供巨大的生态服务功能而备受各国政府和学界的关注。珠江三角洲地区城市化进程的步伐逐渐加快,带来一系列环境问题。以广州市南沙区海岸景观防护林(也即河涌水网林、公路隔离林、海岸防风林)建设为例,主要研究了防护林的关键构建模式、林分群落结构等方面内容。结果显示,采用多层次的乔灌草配置,遵循适地适树的原则,以本土树种为主,搭配部分优良的引进树种,采取适合的营林措施,可构建出具有一定防护功能的人工林群落。广州南沙防护林建设是珠三角地区城市森林建设的一个缩影和代表,为我国南方城市森林建设理论的创建提供了一定的参考经验。破解城市化危机,创建宜居城市环境,实现城市可持续发展,应综合考虑城市的人口集中程度,经济发展规模,环境污染模式,针对具体的水分、气候和土壤等要素,运用多学科理论和技术,制定合适的森林构建模式,并需要政府、社会组织、以及公众的协同努力。 相似文献
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天津城市化发展趋向与水资源可持续利用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分析了新时期天津城市化发展趋向,从城市人口增长、城市工业结构、城市化进程等诸方面,探讨了城市化进程与水资源利用之间的关系,提出了适应城市化发展的水资源可持续利用战略。 相似文献
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Sustainable development is meeting the expectations and necessities of the current era and future generations without making any sacrifices. The focus of the sustainable development concept is humankind. Humankind has the responsibility of protecting the environment it lives in, as much as it has the right to continue living a healthy productive life in harmony with nature. These responsibilities will be the main elements in determining continuity. With these aspects in mind, the research deals with the basic criteria predicted by Meadows on sustainable development. These criteria are divided into three: ‘sustainable’, ‘critical’ and ‘destructive’. The first element evaluated in these predicted criteria is the increase in population. From the pace of the population increase observed in Turkey, it can be said that Turkey affects the sustainable development in a ‘destructive’ way. Other criteria, such as economic development, deforestation rate, the area of the forests and the density of the population show an inclination towards the ‘critical area’. Turkey, in terms of its agricultural development, self‐sufficiency rate and urban population, is to be found in the sustainable development range. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. 相似文献
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Agriculture expansion oriented to global market has changed the relation between population and deforestation in South America. Actually, the population dynamic in an agricultural frontier turned into a consequence of deforestation (rather than the cause). For Dry Chaco of Argentina during the period 1991–2001, we explore the impacts of deforestation over urban population and employment dynamics in small- and medium-size urban centers. We used deforestation maps from remote sensing data and demographic information from the national census. We found a positive relation between population growth and deforestation. Additionally, urban centers in a context of new and active deforestation stages generate more jobs than in a context of advanced stages. Based on our results, we suggest a boom and bust pattern. Agriculture expansion and deforestation generate transient jobs and benefits, but in a long-run perspective, positive impacts are uncertain. 相似文献
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本文研究了雷林1号桉(Eucalyptus leizhou No.1)林地间种菠萝(Ananas comosus)对土壤性质、林地养分积累和林木生长的影响,并对间种的经济效益作了初步分析。结果表明,间种两年半后,林地枯落物保存量比对照区提高76%;间种区枯落物和菠萝植株所积累的N、P、K、Ca、Mg分別是对照区枯落物所积累的养分量的4.3、5.5、34.6、3.6和3.5倍;间种区桉树平均树高、胸径和每木蓄积量分別比对照区增大8.9%、13.4%和34.7%,蓄积量增加14.9m~3ha~(-1)。间种的直接经济效益已达4100元ha~(-1)。 相似文献
17.
V. Kerry Smith Holger Sieg H. Spencer Banzhaf Randall P. Walsh 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》2004,47(3):559-584
This research demonstrates how locational equilibrium models can be used for benefit measurement with the detail required to match EPA's benefit analysis for the first Prospective Analysis. Using the projected changes in ozone concentrations for 2000 and 2010 together with the Sieg et al. (Int. Econ. Rev., forthcoming) estimates for household preferences for housing, education, and air quality, this paper measures general equilibrium willingness to pay for the policy scenarios developed for the Prospective study as they relate to households in the Los Angeles area. Benefits are evaluated taking account (at the household level) of initial air quality conditions, relocation based on changes in ozone, and price changes. The framework generalizes the partial equilibrium/general equilibrium comparisons available with conventional computable general equilibrium and property capitalization models. Estimated general equilibrium gains from the policy range from $33 to $2400 annually at a household level (in 1990 dollars). 相似文献
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赵承开 《湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报》1995,(1)
本文回顾了生态系统管理的进程,简述了生态系统管理的内容,提出了生态系统管理的目标,论述了森林生态系统管理的效益。森林是一种再生资源,它既具有社会环境效益,又具有经济价值;而且前者往往超过后者。 相似文献
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Abstract: We assessed population performance of rare plants across a gradient from rural to urban landscapes and evaluated 2 hypotheses central to strategic conservation planning: (1) population performance declines with increasing human dominance and (2) small populations perform poorly relative to larger ones. Assessing these hypotheses is critical to strategic conservation planning. The current conservation paradigm adheres to the well-established ecology theory that small isolated populations, particularly those in human-dominated landscapes, are the least likely to succeed over the long term. Consequently, conservation planning has strongly favored large, remote targets for protection. This shift in conservation toward ecosystem-based programs and protection of populations within large, remote systems has been at the expense of protection of the rarest of the rare species, the dominant paradigm for conservation driven by the endangered species act. Yet, avoiding conservation of small populations appears to be based more on theoretical understanding and expert opinion than empiricism. We used Natural Heritage data from California in an assessment of population performance of rare plants across a landscape with an urban-rural gradient. Population performance did not decrease in urban settings or for populations that were initially small. Our results are consistent with a pattern of few species extinctions within these landscapes over the past several decades. We conclude that these populations within compromised landscapes can contribute to overall biodiversity conservation. We further argue that conservation planning for biodiversity preservation should allocate relatively more resources to protecting urban-associated plant taxa because they may provide conservation benefit beyond simply protecting isolated populations; they may be useful in building social interest in conservation. 相似文献
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Xiong NING Yi LIU Jining CHEN Xin DONG Wangfeng LI Bin LIANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(5):658-668
Urban wastewater infrastructures have been threatened by natural and socioeconomic disturbances. This study investigates infrastructure resilience against the risks of long-term changes rather than natural disasters. Urban expansion that leads to an increased urban runoff and massive population movements that cause fluctuations in domestic emissions are considered in this study. Pollution permits for water bodies are adopted as constraints on wastewater infrastructures. A land use-based accounting method, combined with a grid-based database, is developed to map domestic discharge and urban runoff to service areas of wastewater treatment plants. The results of a case study on downtown Sanya, the most famous seashore tourist attraction in China, show that the average resilient values of three sub-catchment areas in 2010 were -0.57, 0.10 and 0.27, respectively, a significant spatial variation. The infrastructure in the Sanya River sub-region is the least flexible, and is more likely to fail due to unstable inflows. The resiliencies will increase to 0.59, 1.01 and 0.54, respectively, in 2020, a considerable improvement in robustness. The study suggests that infrastructure resilience needs to be taken into further consideration for urban planning and the related realm of urban governance to foster more robust wastewater management under various risks. 相似文献