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1.
以陕西宝鸡石油中学学生为例,通过问卷调查方式,对其地震灾害认识水平、防震减灾基本技能、自救互救情况、震后心理倾向和信息传播进行了研究。采用权重法,利用Excel和SPSS17.0软件进行统计分析。结果表明:①城市中学生地震知识掌握的准确性和深度还很不够,防震减灾意识淡薄;②城市中学生掌握的实际防震减灾技能不足,但有迫切的学习需求;③城市中学生具有基本的自救能力,但自救互救的组织性和主动性较差;④城市中学生具有广泛的地震信息来源,但辨别地震谣言的能力不强,易于传播地震谣言。针对上述结果,提出了强化城市中学生防震减灾教育的相关建议。  相似文献   

2.
为了解溧阳地震四十年来该地居民防震减灾科学素质情况,通过问卷调查的方式对社区居民的个人基本信息、防震减灾科学知识理解、知识需求和偏好,以及对江苏省防震减灾科普宣教工作的评价进行调研。采用SPSS软件进行数据处理。结果表明,溧阳市社区居民防震减灾科学知识水平处于中等偏上水平,但对地震预报信息发布和相关法律法规认知方面还有欠缺;防震减灾知识需求强烈且务实,最想了解的是自救互救知识,偏好科普讲座和应急演练活动;对我省防震减灾科普宣传工作的评价为中等偏上,在评价过程中,最主要的影响因子是防震减灾科普知识实用性、宣传品质和渠道。本次调查为今后开展溧阳市社区防震减灾科普宣传工作提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

3.
“江苏防震减灾”信息网站于2001年10月正式向社会发布,网址为:http://www.js-seism.gov.cn; http://www.eq-js.ac.cn。 该网站是展示江苏省防震减灾工作、宣传防灾减灾知识,提供有关信息服务的窗口,是实现地震行业信息管理、共享与服务的平台。主要为社会各界提供防震减灾工作的重要活动信息、政策法规及科普知识等,旨在促进防震减灾事业的发展,增强社会公众的防灾抗灾能力,保障社会安定和经济可持续发展,逐步实现网上办公。该网站主页内容包括时事新闻、地震动态和科普知识,并建了与社会大型网站、地震系统网站及一些与生活息息…  相似文献   

4.
地震社会心理与防震减灾宣传   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
邹文卫 《灾害学》2006,21(3):114-119
运用社会心理学的知识和以往研究结果,对社会公众对待有关地震事件的社会心理作了深入分析,并对新时期社会心理的时代特征作了初步探讨。综合上述分析,提出了防震减灾宣传工作首先要了解地震社会心理,并根据社会心理的时代特征进行创新的观点:防震减灾宣传工作要针对不同层次人群的不同社会心理和需求,要注意同一人群不同地震时期的不同的社会心理,还要注意不同宣传形式的作用和效果。据此,提出了针对不同人群和不同时期的社会心理、结合形式多样和具有时代特征的不同的防震减灾宣传策略。  相似文献   

5.
山东省防震减灾科普宣传工作正式起步于1969年渤海7.4级地震.震后,地震部门组织的地震科普宣传队,广泛深入基层,宣传地震科普知识.经过50多年的发展,山东省防震减灾科普工作深深植根于山东文化的深厚土壤中,实践出许多行之有效的做法,探索出"以需求为导向,以学生为重点,以新媒体为平台,以示范创建为引领,以阵地式宣传为龙头...  相似文献   

6.
介绍了豫北地区防震减灾科普基地的建设与开发,通过调研,规划、设计了符合该省要求的防震减灾科普教育馆及形式多样的地震科普宣传方案,制定了"河南省防震减灾科普教育基地申报和认定管理办法",配合豫北地区完成了安阳、焦作以及南阳的地震科普教育基地建设与开发.安阳、焦作、南阳的地震科普教育基地均被认定为"省级防震减灾科普教育基地".而其中南阳和焦作的还被认定为"国家级防震减灾科普教育基地".科普教育基地的建成,使该地区科普知识的宣传得到了广泛的开展,真正地提高了全民防震减灾意识,达到了减轻地震灾害的目的.  相似文献   

7.
政府注重对地震应急工作的领导山东省胶州市政府将防震减灾工作列入重要议事日程,作为大事来抓。一是加大资金投入。市政府每年从财政拨款5万元专门用于防震减灾工作;2006年市政府又为地震观测站搬迁投资200万元更换监测仪器,改善办公条件:二是成立了胶州市防震减灾工  相似文献   

8.
内蒙古赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗地震局高度重视防震减灾科普宣传工作,全力普及地震科普知识,不断创新形式,别开生面地打造大众化,人性化,基层化的防震减灾宣传的新品牌,为弥合8.16地震给各族群众带来的经济损失和心理创伤提供“良药妙方”。  相似文献   

9.
在河南省盂州市委、市政府的高度重视下,在盂州市科技局领导的大力支持下,由孟州市政府出资、盂州市地震办主任侯瑞芬耗时两年主编的《防震减灾科普知识汇编》一书,  相似文献   

10.
陈力 《防灾博览》2007,(1):18-19
加强领导,狠抓落实,提高对地震应急演习的认识宁夏是一个多地震的省区,搞好地震科学普及工作,特别是做好对中小学生的地震科普知识的宣传教育尤为重要。早在2005年12月9日,在自治区党委九届十二次全体(扩大)会议上,自治区党委陈建国书记多次淡到防震减灾工作,  相似文献   

11.
Malholland K 《Disasters》1985,9(4):247-258
In 1985 cholera has been a serious problem in the horn of Africa, particularly affecting the many famine victims and refugees in that region. In this paper the history of cholera in Africa is briefly summarized, as is the background to the current refugee situation in eastern Sudan. A cholera epidemic involving 1,175 cases in two adjacent refugee camps in eastern Sudan is described. In this epidemic there were thirteen inpatient deaths and thirty-eight known home deaths from cholera. The management of the epidemic is described in detail. Overall an average of 8 1. of intravenous fluid was used per case, a higher figure than was anticipated, probably because of the unexpected degree of vomiting and the shortage of trained nursing staff.
The relationship between cholera and malnutrition is explored and hypochlorhydria is suggested as the main reason for the increased susceptibility to cholera among malnourished populations. It was observed that severely malnourished adults and children appeared to nave less severe diarrhoea with their cholera, presumably because of reduced mucosal surface area and poor enterocyte function. Finally possible means of aborting cholera epidemics are discussed.  相似文献   

12.
The land borders of Evros, Greece, have been a common entry point for undocumented migrants on their way to Europe through Turkey. Adverse conditions, however, have resulted in many human casualties over the years. On the Greek side, 334 cadavers were retrieved between 2000 and 2014. This study provides a detailed forensic account of the humanitarian disaster in Evros to create an official scientific record of the situation. It showcases the gravity of the global issue of migration relating to health and mortality, and encourages communication and continual improvement of the approach and patterns of practices surrounding the subject. A retrospective statistical research review was conducted of border‐related fatalities between 2000 and 2014, assessing the age and gender of victims, the cause of death, the location of bodies, identification rates, and country of origin. Age ranged generally from 24 to 29 years, but infants and children were among the deceased.  相似文献   

13.
Helen Young  Musa Adam Ismail 《Disasters》2019,43(Z3):S318-S344
Darfur farming and pastoralist livelihoods are both adaptations to the environmental variability that characterises the region. This article describes this adaptation and the longer‐term transformation of these specialised livelihoods from the perspective of local communities. Over several decades farmers and herders have experienced a continuous stream of climate, conflict and other shocks, which, combined with wider processes of change, have transformed livelihoods and undermined livelihood institutions. Their well‐rehearsed specialist strategies are now combined with new strategies to cope. These responses help people get by in the short term but risk antagonising not only their specialist strategies but also those of others. A combination of factors has undermined the former integration between farming and pastoralism and their livelihood institutions. Efforts to build resilience in similar contexts must take a long‐term view of livelihood adaptation as a specialisation, and consider the implications of new strategies for the continuity and integration of livelihood specialisations.  相似文献   

14.
Ian Davis 《Disasters》2019,43(Z1):S61-S82
This reflection, based on a keynote address to celebrate the fortieth anniversary of Disasters on 14 September 2017, begins by considering some of the prevailing assumptions that existed at the time of the journal's creation. Next is a summary of significant milestones during the past 40 years, covering major global trends, changing disaster impacts, and key developments in disaster risk management. Contrasting approaches in the first and fourth decade of the journal's history are then followed by examples of changes in terminology in the disaster field as an indication of shifting values. The paper goes on to explore the context of 2017, with observations of problem areas such as the loss of knowledge, failures to tackle the root causes of disasters, shortfalls in international assistance, and some negative attitudes. It closes by evaluating some current positive occurrences, including a reduction in casualties, sharing of experience, technological advances, and dramatic improvements in disaster warning.  相似文献   

15.
Joseph Chung 《Disasters》1987,11(1):40-48
Tropical cyclones and hurricanes have a severe impact on the social and economic activities of affected communities. For small island nations in the Pacific region, the effects can be devastating because of their smallness. FQi and several other countries in the region are vulnerable to such disasters as they are situated in the zone where cyclones occur frequently.
During the last decade, the frequency of natural disasters and their adverse impact on die economic and social development of small nations like Fiji, has aroused awareness mat relief efforts must go beyond immediate "mopping up" operations to those which contribute to attaining longer term benefits through reconstruction and rehabilitation.
The paper outlines the 1985 agricultural rehabilitation program and discusses related issues and problems.  相似文献   

16.
Steckley M  Doberstein B 《Disasters》2011,35(3):465-487
This paper presents the results of primary research with 40 survivors of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in two communities: Khao Lak (n=20) and Koh Phi Phi Don (n=20), Thailand. It traces tsunami survivors' perceptions of vulnerability, determines whether residents felt that the tsunami affected different communities differently, identifies the populations and sub-community groups that survivors distinguished as being more vulnerable than others, highlights community-generated ideas about vulnerability reduction, and pinpoints a range of additional vulnerability reduction actions. Tsunami survivors most consistently identified the 'most vulnerable' community sub-populations as women, children, the elderly, foreigners, and the poor. In Khao Lak, however, respondents added 'Burmese migrants' to this list, whereas in Koh Phi Phi Don, they added 'Thai Muslims'. Results suggest that the two case study communities, both small, coastal, tourism-dominated communities no more than 100 kilometres apart, have differing vulnerable sub-groups and environmental vulnerabilities, requiring different post-disaster vulnerability reduction efforts.  相似文献   

17.
建筑物在火场中的结构响应问题中,门窗玻璃在火场中的热响应特性及破裂脱落是影响火灾发展的重要因素之一。通过事故案例分析了火灾场景中玻璃破裂脱落的危害性,指出了研究火灾场景中玻璃受热破裂脱落的意义,并对目前火灾场景中玻璃受热破裂过程和主要形态、玻璃的破裂机理和判据等的研究现状进行了详细的分析,总结了目前实验和计算机模拟的最新研究进展和不足,为今后进一步开展玻璃受热破裂脱落研究提出了若干建议。  相似文献   

18.
中国内陆自然环境的干旱化与未来趋势   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
延军平 《灾害学》1999,14(2):28-32
根据中国内陆陕西、甘肃部分地区509a旱涝资料和主要测站气象、水文实测数据,应用Word97图形处理系统,证明在526a序列中目前处在11a、50a滑动的干旱期。近46a气温上升了0.3℃,年降水减少了80mm,径流量减少了0.78%,出现了明显的干旱化,环境变化趋势不容乐观。  相似文献   

19.
朱绛 《灾害学》2002,17(4):83-86
美国开展洪泛平原管理已有约40年历史,洪水保险计划是美国泛平原管理的主要措施。了解并借鉴他们的思路与具体策略,将有助于我国洪泛平原管理政策的制定。  相似文献   

20.
Young L 《Disasters》1985,9(2):122-133
This paper attempts to examine the broad features of Somalia's harsh physical environment into which several hundreds of thousands of refugees, with mainly a nomadic or semi-nomadic life style and culture, dramatically descended six years ago. The thirty-six rural camps in which at least half of them live are described as is the refugee agricultural programme which is training several thousand families so that they may be "self-supporting." The four regions where the camps are located are each briefly summarized in terms of their soils, their climates, their natural vegetation, and the type of agriculture which the refugee farmers practice. A more detailed analysis is then given on the following critical environmental concerns: Vegetation and erosion on refugee farms, the growing problem of refugee livestock, the destruction of trees, and irrigation practices and salinity on refugee farms. The paper concludes with an argument to preserve Somalia's environment from careless and destructive exploitation, which is leading towards desertification, and calls for an in-depth study of the situation.  相似文献   

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