Light-dependent magnetoreception in birds: the effect of intensity of 565-nm green light

 In a previous study, Australian silvereyes tested in autumn under monochromatic 565-nm green light at intensities of 2.1 and 7.5 mW m^–2 preferred their normal northerly migratory direction, whereas they showed a significantly different tendency towards northwest at 15.0 mW m^–2. Repeating these experiments in spring with silvereyes migrating southward, we again observed well-oriented tendencies in the migratory direction at 2.1 and 7.5 mW m^–2. At 15.0 mW m^–2, however, the birds once more preferred northwesterly directions, i.e. their response under this condition proved to be independent of the migratory direction. This contradicts the interpretation that monochromatic green light of this high intensity leads to a rotation of compass information; instead, it appears to produce sensory input that causes birds to give up their migratory direction in favor of a fixed direction of as yet unknown origin. Received: 3 April 2000 / Accepted in revised form: 19 June 2000     

Light-Dependent Magnetoreception in Birds: Does Directional Information Change with Light Intensity?

 Magnetic compass orientation in birds is based on light-dependent processes, with magnetoreception being possible only under light containing blue and green wavelengths. To look for possible intensity-dependent effects we tested Australian silvereyes during autumn migration under monochromatic green light (565 nm) produced by light-emitting diodes at various light levels. At intensities of 0.0021 and 0.0075 W/m², the birds showed normal activity and were oriented in their seasonally appropriate migratory direction. Under low light of 0.0002 W/m² the birds were less active; scatter increased, but they still oriented in their migratory direction. Under a high light level of 0.0150 W/m², however, the test birds showed a counterclockwise shift in direction, preferring west-northwest instead of north. This change in behavior may reflect a change in the output of the magnetoreception system, resulting from a disruption of the natural balance between the wavelengths of light. Received: 18 June 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 20 September 1999     

The action spectrum for maximal photosensitivity of germination

 Fruits of Garden Lettuce, imbibed in 0.01 M KNO₃, were depleted of maternal active phytochrome B by saturating deep-red exposure and photosensitized by chilling for 1 week at 4  °C. Twenty saturated fluence-response curves for photoinduced germination were elaborated between 300 and 800 nm, using exposure periods from 6 to 600 s at 22.5  °C; there is linear and closely parallel regression in the logarithmic probability net. The reciprocals of the half-response fluences obtained gave the apparent conversion spectrum of the controlling pigments and this was corrected for the transmittance of the seed-coat. It is a phytochrome spectrum of P _r with photoconversion cross-sections of 1.2·10⁹ and 4.5·10³ m² mol^–1 at 666 and 800 nm, respectively. This means that for half-saturated germination of sensitized seed, fewer than 1 out of 200,000 phytochrome A molecules have to be photoconverted to P _fr, and no photo-reversibility by deep-red was found. Therefore, all spectral colours of nightly moon- or skylight should stimulate the germination of sensitized weed seeds if they are exposed at the soil surface between sequential tillage operations. Received: 28 April 2000 / Accepted in revised form: 28 July 2000     

Photoperiod affects daily torpor and tissue fatty acid composition in deer mice

Photoperiod and dietary lipids both influence thermal physiology and the pattern of torpor of heterothermic mammals. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that photoperiod-induced physiological changes are linked to differences in tissue fatty acid composition of deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus (∼18-g body mass). Deer mice were acclimated for >8 weeks to one of three photoperiods (LD, light/dark): LD 8:16 (short photoperiod), LD 12:12 (equinox photoperiod), and LD 16:8 (long photoperiod). Deer mice under short and equinox photoperiods showed a greater occurrence of torpor than those under long photoperiods (71, 70, and 14%, respectively). The duration of torpor bouts was longest in deer mice under short photoperiod (9.3 ± 2.6 h), intermediate under equinox photoperiod (5.1 ± 0.3 h), and shortest under long photoperiod (3.7 ± 0.6 h). Physiological differences in torpor use were associated with significant alterations of fatty acid composition in ∼50% of the major fatty acids from leg muscle total lipids, whereas white adipose tissue fatty acid composition showed fewer changes. Our results provide the first evidence that physiological changes due to photoperiod exposure do result in changes in lipid composition in the muscle tissue of deer mice and suggest that these may play a role in survival of low body temperature and metabolic rate during torpor, thus, enhancing favourable energy balance over the course of the winter.     

基于细管流紫外反应系统探讨紫外和真空紫外/紫外辐照下水中微量磺胺甲噻二唑的光降解效果

水环境中存在的微量有机污染物可在较低浓度下对人类造成较大的危害.基于细管流紫外反应系统(MFPS)研究了典型微量有机污染物磺胺甲噻二唑(SML)在紫外(UV)和真空紫外/紫外(VUV/UV)辐照下的光降解过程,发现SML在VUV/UV辐照下的降解速率明显快于UV辐照.采用MFPS测定了各光化学动力学参数:UV和VUV/UV辐照下光子剂量基反应速率常数分别为0.88×10~3和4.64×10~3m~2·einstein-1;量子产率分别为0.227和0.379;羟基自由基(HO·)和SML的二级反应速率常数测定为6.59×10~9L·mol~(-1)·s~(-1).探讨了pH值和初始SML浓度对降解效果的影响,结果表明,VUV/UV辐照下pH 7.0时的SML降解速率达到最大,而UV辐照下SML的降解速率随pH增加而逐渐增大;初始SML浓度的增大会降低UV和VUV/UV辐照下的降解速率.此外,本研究表明MFPS作为实验室光反应系统可快速、准确地测量各光反应动力学参数,VUV/UV在去除水中微量有机污染物方面的效果优于UV,可较好的处理水中微量有机污染物.     

微米SiC/石墨烯复合物光催化降解罗丹明B

为发展低耗和环境友好的有机物降解技术,采用光催化还原制备微米级碳化硅(SiC)/石墨烯复合材料,XRD、FTIR、Raman光谱、XPS和SEM等手段表征其物相组成和形貌结构,并以罗丹明B(RhB)为模拟污染物,研究了复合材料在可见光照射下的光催化活性和稳定性;通过活性物种捕获实验初步探讨了RhB的光催化降解机制.结果表明,SiC与石墨烯复合延长了光生电子和光生空穴的寿命,提高了材料的光催化活性与稳定性.当SiC/石墨烯配比为1∶0. 8时,光照60 min时RhB的降解率可以达到92. 7%,降解过程符合一级反应动力学方程.光催化降解RhB过程中,主要活性物种的贡献依次为:光生空穴(h~+)超氧阴离子自由基(·O_2~-)光生电子(e~-)羟基自由基(·OH).     

High-field 1H T1 and T2 NMR relaxation time measurements of H2O in homeopathic preparations of quartz, sulfur, and copper sulfate

Quantitative meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials investigating the specific therapeutic efficacy of homeopathic remedies yielded statistically significant differences compared to placebo. Since the remedies used contained mostly only very low concentrations of pharmacologically active compounds, these effects cannot be accounted for within the framework of current pharmacology. Theories to explain clinical effects of homeopathic remedies are partially based upon changes in diluent structure. To investigate the latter, we measured for the first time high-field (600/500 MHz) ¹H T₁ and T₂ nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation times of H₂O in homeopathic preparations with concurrent contamination control by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Homeopathic preparations of quartz (10c–30c, n = 21, corresponding to iterative dilutions of 100⁻¹⁰–100⁻³⁰), sulfur (13x–30x, n = 18, 10⁻¹³–10⁻³⁰), and copper sulfate (11c–30c, n = 20, 100⁻¹¹–100⁻³⁰) were compared to n = 10 independent controls each (analogously agitated dilution medium) in randomized and blinded experiments. In none of the samples, the concentration of any element analyzed by ICP-MS exceeded 10 ppb. In the first measurement series (600 MHz), there was a significant increase in T₁ for all samples as a function of time, and there were no significant differences between homeopathic potencies and controls. In the second measurement series (500 MHz) 1 year after preparation, we observed statistically significant increased T₁ relaxation times for homeopathic sulfur preparations compared to controls. Fifteen out of 18 correlations between sample triplicates were higher for controls than for homeopathic preparations. No conclusive explanation for these phenomena can be given at present. Possible hypotheses involve differential leaching from the measurement vessel walls or a change in water molecule dynamics, i.e., in rotational correlation time and/or diffusion. Homeopathic preparations thus may exhibit specific physicochemical properties that need to be determined in detail in future investigations. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Carbon sequestration of paddy fields in Western Jilin of China during 1989–2004

The study area of this article, Western Jilin province of China, was a typical area responding to global changing in middle latitude areas. In this paper, by interpreting the thematic mapper (TM) images of the study area in the years of 1989, 1996, 2000 and 2004, the land use/cover change (LUCC) data were achieved, which included the area of paddy fields and its spatial distributions. 113 soil samples were collected to obtain soil organic carbon (SOC) data of different land use types. After that, the organic matter contents of these samples were measured by using the potassium dichromate oxidation-outer heating method. Based on the data above, the amount of SOC sequestrated by the surface soil (0~30 cm) of paddy fields was calculated. The result showed that: the area of paddy fields was increasing continuously in western Jilin, from 11.28 × 10⁴ hm² in 1989 to 22.77 × 10⁴ hm² in 2004. Paddy fields transferred from wetlands, grasslands and water areas accounted for the main part of the paddy fields in 2004, the areas were 3.09 × 10⁴ hm², 2.98 × 10⁴ hm² and 2.8 × 10⁴ hm², respectively. And paddy fields with a total area of 0.83 × 10⁴ hm² degraded into saline-alkali lands. The amount of organic carbon sequestration in the surface layer (0–30 cm) of paddy fields was 658.86 × 10⁴ t. The primary SOC sinks located around the joint of Baicheng City and Zhenlai County, while the major SOC source located at Songyuan City and northern Qianguo County.     

Eolian Dust Affects Phytoplankton in the Waters off Kuwait, the Arabian Gulf

 Summer phytoplankton assemblages from surface waters off Kuwait were enriched with levels of eolian dust (10⁵, 10⁶, and 10⁷ mg/m³), similar to seasonal dust fallout for this region. Algal growth was positive and dose dependent. Highest biomass was up to 527 μg chlorophyll a/l on day 5. The maximum doublings of biomass per day were 0.64, 0.77, and 1.42, corresponding to 10⁵, 10⁶, and 10⁷ mg/m³ enrichment and were significantly higher than the 0.56 for control. Changes in the phytoplankton species composition occurred with changes in biomass, with small algae dominating peak populations. It is suggested that through enrichment of trace elements via eolian dust, a high level of phytoplankton biomass and growth can be sustained in this arid environment. Received: 15 October / Accepted in revised form: 16 June 1999     

Numerical dating of the Eckfeld maar fossil site, Eifel, Germany: a calibration mark for the Eocene time scale

 Sediments of the Eckfeld maar (Eifel, Germany) bear a well-preserved Eocene fauna and flora. Biostratigraphically, Eckfeld corresponds to the Middle Eocene mammal reference level MP (Mammals Paleogene) 13 of the ELMA (European Land Mammal Age) Geiseltalian. In the maar crater, basalt fragments were drilled, representing explosion crater eruption products. By ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of the basalt, for the first time a direct numerical calibration mark for an Eocene European mammal locality has been established. The Eckfeld basalt inverse isochron date of 44.3±0.4 Ma suggests an age for the Geiseltalian/Robiacian boundary at 44 Ma and, together with the 1995 time scale of Berggren et al., a time span ranging from 49 to 44 Ma for the Geiseltalian and from 44 to 37 Ma for the Robiacian, respectively. Additional ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating on a genetically related basalt occurrence close to the maar confirms a period of volcanism of ca. 0.6 m.y. in the Eckfeld area, matching the oldest Eocene volcanic activity of the Hocheifel volcanic field. Received: 27 December 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 6 April 2000     

Global warming potential of emissions from rice paddies in Northeastern China

In this study, paddy fields in Jilin province which are flooded parcel of arable lands used for growing rice (Oryza sativa Linn.) were selected as the object. Long-term exploitation of paddy fields led to variations of soil organic carbon (SOC) and green house gases (GHGs) emissions which might contribute to global warming. In order to calculate the amount of global warming potentials (GWPs) of emissions from ricepaddies and find the correlations among rice yield, SOC storage and GWP, DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model was used to simulate SOC densities and fluxes of main GHGs emitted from paddy fields. After verification, simulation results were used to calculate SOC storages and 100-year GWPs from 1949 to 2009. Results indicated that SOC densities in depths of 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm all kept increasing. Average methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) fluxes were 278.55 kg carbon (kgC) ha⁻¹ a⁻¹ and 2.22 kg nitrogen (kgN) ha⁻¹ a⁻¹. The SOC storage (0–30 cm) had increased from 3.96 × 10⁹kgC in 1949 to 47.85 × 10⁹kgC in 2009. In addition, GWP emission was increasing exponentially in the past 61 years, from 0.16 × 10⁶ Mg carbon dioxide equivalents (CO₂-equivalents) to 66.36 × 10⁶ Mg CO₂-equivalents. Both SOC storage and GWP presented obviously linear relation to rice yields. Overall, the research suggested that long-term rice yields could be used to estimate the SOC storage and GWP variations.     

Low intensity ultrasound stimulates biological activity of aerobic activated sludge

This work aims to explore a procedure to improve biological wastewater treatment efficiency using low intensity ultrasound. The aerobic activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant was used as the experimental material. Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) of the activated sludge (AS) was determined to indicate the changes of AS activity stimulated by ultrasound at 35 kHz for 0–40 min with ultrasonic intensities of 0–1.2 W/cm². The highest OUR was observed at the ultrasonic intensity of 0.3 W/cm² and an irradiation period of 10 min; more than 15% increase was achieved immediately after sonication. More significantly, the AS activity stimulated by ultrasound could last 24 h after sonication, and the AS activity achieved its peak value within 8 h after sonication, or nearly 100% higher than the initial level after sonication. Therefore, to improve the wastewater treatment efficiency of bioreactors, ultrasound with an intensity of 0.3 W/cm² could be employed to irradiate a part of the AS in the bioreactor for 10 min every 8 h. Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(4): 124–128 [译自: 环境科学]     

Significance of organic matter in Eocene turbidite sediments (SE Pyrenees,Spain)

Although turbidite deposits are classically considered to be good reservoir rocks for oil and gas, there are no reports concerning their source rock potential in the literature. The sediments from the Vallfogona Formation in the South-Eastern Pyrenees present numerous organic matter-rich levels interbedded in sandstones and coarse turbidite deposits. Two types of organic matter deposits were differentiated on the basis of organic geochemistry and petrography: type A and type B. Type A was deposited in a carbonate marine environment under hypersaline conditions as indicated mainly by even/odd n-alkane predominance, pristane and phytane ratio (Pr/Ph) < 1, presence of gammacerane, and trisnorneohopane over trisnorhopane ratio (Ts/Tm) > 1. Type B was deposited in a more mud-rich marine environment evidenced by the predominance of odd n-alkane, Pr/Ph ≥ 1, Ts/Tm < 1, the absence of gammacerane, similar concentrations of the C₂₇ and C₂₉ regular steranes, and the greater abundance of C₂₇ diasteranes. Turbidite facies can be regarded as an environment where organic matter sedimentation is heterogeneous in type and amount. This study suggests that turbidite deposits with interbedded organic matter-rich levels may act as a combined source–reservoir system.     

Contrasting factors controlling microbial respiratory activity in the sediment of two adjacent Mediterranean wetlands

Electron transport system (ETS) activity of sediments as an indication of microbial metabolic activity was examined in two adjacent Mediterranean wetlands (southern Spain). We determined the spatio-temporal variation in ETS, and we explored the potential biological [organic matter (OM), chlorophyll a (Chl a), aerobic and anaerobic bacteria] drivers of sediment ETS activity. ETS activity was notably higher in the eutrophic Lake Nueva (34.91 μl O₂ g⁻¹ D.W. h⁻¹) than in the hypertrophic Lake Honda (24.99 μl O₂ g⁻¹ D.W. h⁻¹). Strong spatial differences were observed in ETS in both study sites. Highest ETS values were achieved at the surface sediment at the deepest sampling station in each lake and a notable reduction in ETS with sediment depth was observed. By using linear regression and multiple regression analysis, OM was identified as the best predictor of ETS in Lake Honda while Chl a was the best predictor in Lake Nueva. The strong influence of OM supply on ETS activity in sediment from Lake Honda was the consequence of the labile nature of sedimentary OM, while a more refractory OM (with a higher contribution of vascular plants) comprised most of the sedimentary OM from Lake Nueva. By contrast, a large contribution of phytobenthos (supported by a higher lake water transparency) to ETS has been recognized in sediments from Lake Nueva. In summary, the results of this study revealed that the relative importance of planktonic primary producers (phytoplankton), benthic algae and vascular plants in the study sites could explain the differences observed in the intensity of sediment ETS as well as in their drivers.     

Magnetic properties of the microorganism Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis

Magnetotactic microorganisms use the interaction of internal biomineralized nanoparticles with the geomagnetic field to orientate. The movement of the magnetotactic multicellular prokaryote Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis under an applied magnetic field was observed. A method using digital image processing techniques was used to track the organism trajectory to simultaneously obtain its body radius, velocity, U-turn diameter, and the reorientation time. The magnetic moment was calculated using a self-consistent method. The distribution of magnetic moments and radii present two well-characterized peaks at (9 ± 2) × 10⁻¹⁵ and (20 ± 3) × 10⁻¹⁵ A m² and (3.6 ± 0.1) and (4.3 ± 0.1) μm, respectively. For the first time, simultaneous determination of the distribution of the organism radii and magnetic moment was obtained from the U-turn method by a new digital imaging processing. The bimodal distributions support an organism reproduction process model based on electron microscopy observations. These results corroborate the prokaryote multicellular hypothesis for Candidatus M. multicellularis.     

自然光照对淹水条件下三峡库区消落带典型土壤磷释放影响

为研究淹水条件下光照对土-水界面磷释放的影响,以三峡库区消落带典型土壤为对象,通过室内自然光照试验,讨论了铁还原及有机质降解对磷释放的影响,分析光照对淹水土壤磷释放的影响机制.结果表明,光照对淹水土壤磷释放存在一定程度的抑制作用,光照作用下淹水紫色潮土上覆水体中TP浓度范围为0.018~0.033 mg·L-1,避光处理为0.02~0.057mg·L-1,灰棕紫泥光照下TP浓度范围为0.028~0.045 mg·L-1,避光处理为0.04~0.084 mg·L-1.光照引起淹水土壤中铁氧化物的变化可能是光照抑制磷释放的重要原因.光照导致土壤中铁氧化物饱和程度降低,铁还原和无定形铁生成受阻进一步加深了光照对磷释放的抑制影响.CO2和CH4反映淹水土壤有机质分解情况,光照降低有机碳的转化效率,加速土壤中无机电子受体的消耗,解释了光照作用下铁氧化物的变化.由此可见,光照对淹水土壤磷释放的抑制与淹水土壤中铁还原和有机质分解密切相关.     

紫外线和次氯酸钠对Escherichia coli和Poliovirus的消毒作用

本研究选用大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和脊髓灰质炎病毒(poliovirus)分别作为典型的细菌和病毒,利用培养和定量PCR的检测技术,对比研究紫外线消毒和次氯酸钠消毒对细菌和病毒的作用特点.结果表明:脊髓灰质炎病毒比大肠杆菌更难被灭活,达到1-log所需的氯剂量分别为19.2 mg·L~(-1)·min和10.14 mg·L~(-1)·min;所需的紫外线剂量分别为6.37 m J·cm~(-2)和1.81 m J·cm~(-2).定量PCR方法检测大肠杆菌和脊髓灰质炎病毒达到1-log的核酸损伤所需的紫外线剂量和氯剂量要比培养法高出1~2数量级,紫外线消毒对脊髓灰质炎病毒的RNA损伤量明显大于对大肠杆菌的DNA损伤,病毒的单链RNA对紫外线的敏感性更强,该结果与培养法正好相反.达到1-log核酸损伤脊髓灰质炎病毒所需的紫外线剂量为135 m J·cm~(-2),大肠杆菌所需的剂量为270.3 m J·cm~(-2),核酸损伤需要更多的消毒剂量,可能由于消毒过程微生物进入活性但处于非可培养状态(VBNC),以及灭活对微生物其他分子的损伤和微生物死后核酸的持续性.     

SO2诱导的萱草保卫细胞凋亡及其信号调节

SO2是一种常见的大气污染物,急性和慢性暴露都会对植物造成伤害.因此,本文以景观绿化植物萱草叶片下表皮为材料,研究了SO2对气孔保卫细胞的致死效应及其可能的信号调节途径.结果表明,利用SO2体内衍生物-亚硫酸钠和亚硫酸氢钠混合液处理萱草表皮3 h后,随着处理浓度(1.0~5.0 mmol·L-1)的增加,萱草保卫细胞生理活性下降,甚至死亡;浓度超过2.0 mmol·L-1时,细胞死亡率显著增高(p0.05),死细胞出现核固缩、核拉长、核碎片等典型凋亡特征,保卫细胞内的活性氧种(ROS)、一氧化氮(NO)和Ca2+水平显著升高.采用不同浓度的抗氧化剂过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸(AsA),Ca2+螯合剂乙二醇双四乙酸(EGTA)和Ca2+通道抑制剂氯化镧(LaCl3)及NO清除剂羧基-2苯-4,4,5,5-四甲基咪唑-1-氧-3氧化物(C-PTIO)和合成抑制剂叠氮钠(NaN3)处理后,均可使SO2衍生物诱发的细胞死亡率降低,以200 U·mL-1CAT、0.05 mmol·L-1的AsA、EGTA、LaCl3及0.20 mmol·L-1的C-PTIO、NaN3的效果最佳,同时胞内ROS、NO和Ca2+水平下降.以上结果表明,一定浓度的SO2可诱导萱草保卫细胞死亡,可能通过诱导ROS和NO爆发,激活细胞质膜钙通道,进而引起胞内Ca2+增加,通过ROS-NO-Ca2+信号途径介导细胞死亡.SO2诱导的萱草细胞死亡可能存在细胞凋亡过程.     

慢性氟暴露致小鼠海马损伤及L-型钙拮抗剂的干预作用

探讨了慢性氟暴露致小鼠海马损伤及L-型钙通道拮抗剂的干预作用.将140只初断乳ICR雄性小鼠随机分为7组：对照组（C组）、高氟组（HF组,饮用30 mg·L^-1 NaF溶液）、低氟组（LF组,饮用5 mg·L^-1 NaF溶液）、高/低氟+L-型钙通道激动剂组（FPL64176）（HF/LF+FPL）、高/低氟+L-型钙通道拮抗剂组（Nifedipine）（HF/LF+NIF）.染氟6个月,染氟结束前1周,HF/LF+FPL和HF/LF+NIF组分别每天腹腔注射激动剂或拮抗剂（5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）.用TUNEL法检测小鼠海马CA₁区细胞凋亡水平,用Western Blot法检测细胞膜L-型钙通道Cav1.2、Ca²⁺信号通路分子和下游凋亡调节相关分子蛋白表达水平等.结果表明,与对照组比,HF/LF组小鼠海马组织抗氧化能力显著降低（p<0.05或p<0.01）,细胞凋亡水平极显著上升（p<0.01）,Cav1.2与Bcl-2蛋白表达水平显著下降（p<0.05或p<0.01）,Ca²⁺信号转导通路CaM、CaMKII和促凋亡Bax、Bax/Bcl-2蛋白表达水平显著上升（p<0.05或p<0.01）.注射FPL64176的小鼠海马细胞和上述分子指标的损伤加剧,而注射NIF对海马细胞和上述分子蛋白表达有一定的逆转作用.提示L-型钙离子通道介导了氟暴露致小鼠海马损伤,氟暴露致海马细胞膜L-型钙离子通道Cav1.2蛋白、细胞内Ca²⁺信号转导通路分子和下游凋亡调节相关蛋白表达异常是其分子机制之一,而L-型钙通道拮抗剂NIF可能是一种新型有效的抗氟药物.     

紫外辐照改性生物炭对VOCs的动态吸附

采用365 nm紫外光辐照改性椰壳生物炭,以提升对挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)的吸附性能.选取苯和甲苯两种典型的VOCs为吸附质,考察了改性前后生物炭的吸附穿透曲线.结果表明,紫外辐照改性后的生物炭其吸附性能显著增加,对苯和甲苯的饱和吸附量分别由7.27 mg·g~(-1)和7.98 mg·g~(-1)提升至122.80 mg·g~(-1)和236.36 mg·g~(-1),吸附穿透时间也由1 min和2 min大大延长至390 min和620 min.生物炭表面理化特征分析表明,紫外辐照增大了生物炭表面含氧官能团的含量和外比表面积,这可能是改性生物炭吸附性能提升的关键因素.Yoon-Nelson、Thomas和BDST模型均能很好地模拟改性生物炭对不同浓度苯和甲苯的吸附过程,其相关系数大于0.992.热重分析结果表明,紫外辐射对生物炭的热稳定性影响甚微.改性生物炭吸附饱和后,可经热再生后重复利用,对甲苯的吸附重复利用5次后仍有较高的吸附能力.