厌氧-好氧法处理特种有机工业废水的动态模拟实验

采用絮凝、毒性及生化试验,确定了废水处理最佳工艺流程,研究了浓度、停留时间对COD去除率的影响．结果表明,该有机废水采用絮凝净化效果不大,且对生化处理具有一定的抑制作用,当系统进水COD为3000mg/L,流量为1L/h时;经过厌氧、两级好氧处理后,出水中COD可降至150mg/L以下,总去除率可达95％以上,达到了工业废水排放标准．     

高盐度有机废水生物处理技术分析与展望

随着工业发展而产生的大量高盐度有机废水具有难处理的特点。通过对国内外高盐度有机废水处理工艺的研究进展进行分析,对包括物理法、化学法、生物法以及组合法处理高盐度有机废水的技术进行了综合比较,重点针对生物法阐述了高盐度对生物的影响以及微生物的耐盐机理,提出了采用组合工艺处理高盐度有机废水的良好发展前景。     

Organobentonites as adsorbents for some organic pollutants and its application in wastewater treatment

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SBR工艺处理高盐有机废水的试验研究

采用SBR工艺分别研究了不同盐度驯化下的活性污泥的生物相和结构,及对COD、NH4＋-N、TP的去除率。结果表明,随着盐度的升高,活性污泥的微生物种类减少,结构变得紧密细小;盐度在1.5%范围内,SBR工艺对COD、NH4＋-N的去除率均达到90%以上;盐度为1%时,TP的去除率为76%。     

Catalytic wet air oxidation for the treatment of emulsifying wastewater

The wet air oxidation (WAO) and catalytic WAO(CWAO) of the high strength emulsifying wastewater containing nonionic surfactants have been investigated in terms of COD and TOC removal. The WAO and homogeneous CWAO processes were carried out at the temperature from 433 K to 513 K, with initial oxygen pressure 1.2 MPa. It was found that homogeneous catalyst copper(Cu(NO3)2) had an fairly good catalytic activity for the WAO process, and the oxidation was catalyzed when the temperature was higher than 473K. Moreover, several heterogeneous catalysts were proved to be effective for the WAO process. At the temperature 473 K, after 2h reaction, WAO process could achieve about 75% COD removal and 66% TOC removal, while catalysts Cu/Al2O3 and Mn-Ce/Al2O3 elevated the COD removal up to 86%-89% and that of TOC up to 82%. However, complete elimination of COD and TOC was proved to be difficult even the best non-noble catalyst was used. Therefore, the effluent from WAO or CWAO process need to be further disposed. The bioassay proved that the effluent from WAO process was amenable to the biochemical method.     

电解催化氧化法处理毒死蜱废水的研究

采用电解氧化和Fenton技术耦合的电解催化氧化法对毒死蜱废水进行处理,考察了该法对毒死蜱废水的处理效果和出水的生化性能。结果表明:采用H₂O₂溶液用量逐步增加的方式,经过420 min电解催化氧化反应,废水COD_Cr仅由初始的7 920 mg/L降至5 880 mg/L,反映出毒死蜱废水的难降解特性。电解氧化单独处理毒死蜱废水时,在初始20 min内COD_Cr迅速下降,削减量为1 892 mg/L,随后COD_Cr变化不大;反应至80 min时,随着Fenton氧化反应的加入,废水COD_Cr开始逐步下降,有机物得到进一步降解。结合电解催化氧化出水的可生物降解COD_Cr(BCOD_Cr)和废水处理要求(生化出水预期COD_Cr为500~600 mg/L,满足DB 33/923—2014《生物制药工业污染物排放标准》排放限值),将其分别稀释3和4倍后进行好氧生化试验,反应动力学常数分别为383.4和298.3 min ^-1,该好氧生化反应过程可能更多受浓度控制而非毒性抑制。电解催化氧化出水稀释3倍后进行21 d水解酸化-好氧连续流试验,出水COD_Cr为512~673 mg/L,去除率基本保持在60%以上;出水TP浓度后期稳定在20~30 mg/L,去除率在45%左右;出水NH₃-N浓度为2.8~5.3 mg/L,去除率可达95%以上。     

高浓度难降解有机废水的催化氧化技术发展

在催化氧化法的研究发展中,产生的湿式催化氧化法,光催化氧化法,均相催化氧化法和多相催化氧化法４个分支,在实质上,它们都对氧化剂的分解产生催化作用,以加快放心水中与氧化剂之间的化学反应。由于某些强氧化可要催化作用下产生更强氧化性的基团,能够使一些高浓度难解的有机物氧化分解,因此催化氧化法成为处理高深度难降解有机废水一项重要的新技术。本文将对催化氧化法的研究发展,应用情况分类予以介绍。     

木材加工废水处理工程实例分析

针对某木材加工企业生产废水高COD、高氨氮、高色度、含甲醛等特点,采用“芬顿氧化+A/O+沉淀+气浮”组合工艺对原废水处理厂进行扩容提标改造。该工程设计处理规模为600 t/d,总投资为340万元,直接运行成本为4.83元/t。运行效果表明:采用芬顿氧化预处理洗胶废水可有效降解甲醛等高毒性的有机物,增设载体的A/O工艺可提高COD去除效果与抗冲击负荷能力,组合工艺出水COD<400 mg/L,氨氮<20 mg/L,TN<40 mg/L,TP<2 mg/L,甲醛<2 mg/L。     

超声波诱导催化氧化处理有机化学实验室废水的初步试验

采用超声波诱导催化氧化处理有机化学实验室废水,探讨了超声辐射时间等因素对有机化学实验室废水处理效果的影响,获得了最佳工艺条件：100mLCOD为4632mg／L的废水（初始pH值=3）在超声辐射反应时间50min,Fe^2＋离子浓度为100mg/L,H2O2浓度为800mg／L的条件下,COD去除率达到79％。     

高浓度有机废水厌氧膜生物工艺处理的中试研究

高浓度有机废水ADUF工艺处理的中试研究结果表明 ,(1)厌氧池污泥SRT为 5 0d时 ,不仅COD去除率高 ,膜水通量也更稳定 ;(2 ) pH值宜采用在线控制为 7 0 ,温度则应在材质允许范围内尽可能高些 (本实验中为 39℃ ) ;(3)污泥负荷在1 0— 3 5kg/ (kg·d)之间时 ,污泥负荷对ADUF工艺的运行效果没有影响     

高环烷酸原油污水处理升级改造

某炼油厂炼制高环烷酸原油,其排放污水的COD(3 000~5 500 mg/L)远大于污水处理厂设计进水水质标准(2 400 mg/L),导致污水处理厂不能达标排放。采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对各处理单元出水分析发现,污水中环烷酸、茚酮类、环烯(烷)烃、含氮杂环化合物等有机物难以有效去除导致出水COD超标。通过参考大量文献,并结合现场试验确定采用曝气生物滤池(BAF)、水解酸化、臭氧催化氧化工艺对污水处理厂实施升级改造,改造后工艺流程为隔油+浮选+BAF+水解酸化+A ²O生化池+膜生物反应器+臭氧催化氧化+生物活性炭。改造后运行数据表明:BAF增强污水处理厂抗冲击负荷能力,大幅削减污水有机污染物负荷,出水COD<2 000 mg/L,确保A ²O生化池及后续处理单元在原设计工况下平稳运行;水解酸化能提升BAF废水可生化性(B/C),并具有“水质稳定器”作用;装填催化剂的臭氧氧化塔COD去除率高达69.4%,污水处理厂出水COD满足低于60 mg/L的排放要求。     

印染废水处理方法的研究

针对印染废水的特点 ,采用混凝沉降 -氧化法处理印染废水。根据生产实际 ,把废水分成较易处理和较难处理两种情况。经过混凝沉降、化学氧化、砂滤后 ,可达到国家印染废水的排放标准。同时 ,确定了主要技术参数和工艺流程 ,并对实验结果进行了理论和经济分析     

非均相催化臭氧处理高浓度制药废水的研究

非均相催化臭氧是一种对高浓度制药废水进行预处理的有效方法.本研究采用单一活性炭吸附、单一臭氧氧化和臭氧/活性炭联用3种体系对实际制药废水进行预处理,并对处理过程中的工艺参数进行优化.结果表明,相比单一活性炭吸附和单一臭氧降解体系,臭氧/活性炭联用体系能显著提高COD、TOC的去除率及BOD5/COD值,并显示出良好的协...     

城市污水处理过程中恶臭气体释放的研究进展

长期以来,我国城市污水处理相关工作人员职业病频发,与城市污水处理过程中会释放出大量的有毒有害气体有重要关系,我国现有的《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》对水质排放指标作了明确规定,但对于污水处理过程中释放的气体污染物的类型及排放限值缺少详细说明.本文对城市污水处理厂不同污水处理工艺及不同污水处理单元在运行中所释放的气体污染物的特征进行了归纳总结,阐述了城市污水处理厂释放的主要恶臭挥发性有机物的产生途径、释放量及影响因素,并指出目前城市污水处理厂释放的气体污染物主要通过尾气末端收集综合处理的方式进行治理,而对于工艺运行参数与气体污染物释放特征之间的相关性关系仍需深入研究.     

Reed-wetland beds for municipal wastewater treatment

The performance of 11 reed-wetland beds for municipal wastewater treatment is described in this paper. The interrelation between pollutants removal (BOD5, SS, N and P) and hydraulic loading rate, organic loading rate, hydraulic retention time as well as the seasonal variation could be found in this study. The treatment efficiencies of reed beds are better than the secondary treatment standards with high and steady nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The total nitrogen and phosphorus of the final effluent are less than 10 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L, respectively.     

Rapid infiltration wastewater treatment for small communities in Beijing

This rapid infiltration (RI) system is proposed as the first one in China. The RI system treated 500 m3/d of municipal and industrial wastewater. About 0.36 ha of field was used. It has been evaluated that the RI system has an excellent ability to treat the wastewater. The infiltration rate was 50.3 m/a.     

催化还原法深度处理污水中硝态氮的研究

为有效降低城市污水处理厂出水硝态氮的含量,减轻氮素污染,依次进行了基础性试验和验证性试验.基础性试验以Fe0为还原剂,以配置的KNO3溶液为试验用水对分别添加H+、Fe2+、Cu2+、Pd/Al2O3等后的脱氮效果进行了对比研究.试验结果表明,系统pH值为2.1,Fe2+、Cu2+投加量分别为1000mg/L时,系统均可获得较好的脱氮效果,分别为92%、41%、61%,产物均以氨氮为主;当投加10g/L催化剂Pd/Al2O3,调节系统pH值为3.02时,系统脱氮率可达48%,且其产物以氮气为主,副产物较少.在此基础上,验证性试验以北京市某污水处理厂出水为试验用水,对上述各方法的脱氮效果进行了试验验证,并对其可行性进行了分析.结果表明,在一定条件下,各方法均可达到理想的脱氮效果,其去除率分别可达到87%、36%、50%、46%.但综合脱氮效果、产物分析、出水水质等考虑,相比较而言,添加催化剂的化学催化还原法在去除污水中的硝态氮时具有更好的可行性.     

冬季不同污水处理工艺对溶解性有机物的去除

以东北地区4个城市污水处理厂为研究对象,考察冬季不同污水处理工艺对溶解性有机物(DOM)组分的去除效果,以及对DOM组分的光谱学特性和卤代活性的影响.利用XAD树脂将DOM分为5个部分:疏水性有机酸(HPO-A)、疏水性中性有机物(HPO-N)、过渡亲水性有机酸(TPI-A)、过渡亲水性中性有机物(TPI-N)和亲水性有机物(HPI).结果表明,A/O法、曝气生物滤池、浮动填料法和A2/O法对DOM都具有较高的去除能力,其中曝气生物滤池对DOM的处理效果最好.经4种污水处理工艺处理后,5种组分的芳香性和三卤甲烷生成活性(STHMFP)均升高.A2/O法对HPO-A和TPI-A的芳香性增强程度最高,而曝气生物滤池对HPO-N,TPI-N和HPI的芳香性增强程度最高.浮动填料法对HPO-A,TPI-A和HPI的STHMFP升高最显著,A2/O法对HPO-N的STHMFP增加最显著,曝气生物滤池对TPI-N的STHMFP升高最显著.4种污水处理工艺对HPI中荧光物质的去除率高于非荧光物质.而对于其他4种DOM组分来说,不同的污水处理工艺对不同荧光峰的改变不相同.     

An innovative integrated oxidation ditch with vertical circle (IODVC) for wastewater treatment

The oxidation ditch process is economic and efficient for wastewater treatment, but its application is limited in case where land is costly due to its large land area required. An innovative integrated oxidation ditch with vertical circle(IODVC) system was developed to treat domestic and industrial wastewater aiming to save land area. The new system consists of a single-channel divided into two ditches(the top one and the bottom one by a plate), a brush,and an innovative integral clarifier. Different from the horizontal circle of the conventional oxidation ditch, the flow of IODVC system recycles from the top zone to the bottom zone in the vertical circle as the brush is running, and then the IODVC saved land area required by about 50% compared with a conventional oxidation ditch with an intrachannel clarifier. The innovative integral clarifier is effective for separation of liquid and solids, and is preferably positioned at the opposite end of the brush in the ditch. It does not affect the hydrodynamic characteristics of the mixed liquor in the ditch, and the sludge can automatically return to the down ditch without any pump. In this study, experiments of domestic and dye wastewater treatment were carried out in bench scale and in full scale, respectively. Results clearly showed that the IODVC efficiently removed pollutants in the wastewaters, i.e., the average of COD removals for domestic and dye wastewater treatment were 95 % and 90%, respectively, and that the IODVC process may provide a cost effective way for full scale dye wastewater treatment.     

Free radical oxidation of spent radioactive organic solvent

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