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利用2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)作为衍生化试剂,高效液相色谱/紫外检测法(HPLC/UV)定量检测上海市大气PM2.5中单羰基和二羰基化合物,共检测出5种单羰基化合物和2种二羰基化合物(乙二醛和甲基乙二醛).单羰基化合物中浓度最高的是甲醛和乙醛,其年平均浓度分别为(1579.47±672.81)ng/m3和(572.02±470.58)ng/m3;二羰基化合物乙二醛和甲基乙二醛的年平均浓度分别为(63.74±54.27)ng/m3和(97.28±39.62)ng/m3.研究发现上海市大气PM2.5中一些羰基化合物具有明显的日变化和季节变化规律:日变化表现为早晚高峰,而季节性变化单羰基化合物是冬天>夏天,二羰基化合物则是夏季>冬季.此外,PM2.5中羰基化合物的浓度还与温度、湿度、质量浓度具有一定的关系. 相似文献
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北京及周边地区大气羰基化合物的时空分布特征初探 总被引:7,自引:7,他引:0
利用2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)/HPLC方法,于2010年6月24日、7月22日、8月24日、9月14日(夏季)和2011年1月13日(冬季),在北京及周边地区38个采样点组织5次同步观测,测定了大气中23种羰基化合物的浓度水平.观测结果表明,北京市各类站点夏季和冬季的总羰基化合物体积分数分别为(16.38±6.03)×10-9,(8.50±5.27)×10-9;周边城市夏季和冬季的体积分数分别为(13.19±5.71)×10-9,(13.05±2.44)×10-9.区域大气中最主要的羰基化合物是甲醛、乙醛和丙酮,三者约占总羰基化合物浓度的78%~91%.夏季羰基化合物的浓度水平明显高于冬季,并且上午09:00~12:00时段的浓度高于下午13:00~16:00时段的浓度.在空间分布上,北京市夏季羰基化合物的高值区主要集中在交通密集的主城区,而冬季受西北风影响呈现由西北向东南递增的趋势.夏季,机动车尾气对大气羰基化合物有显著的一次和二次贡献,同时在不利的气象条件影响下,造成城市地区羰基化合物的污染现象.冬季,大气羰基化合物以一次排放为主,燃煤和机动车可能是主要的污染源. 相似文献
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为了探讨生物质锅炉羰基化合物的排放特征,采用气袋采样-PFPH衍生-GC/MS分析的方法测量了6台生物质锅炉排放烟气中的21种羰基化合物.结果表明,这些生物质锅炉的烟气中羰基化合物排放特征存在明显差异,总体而言,己醛和丙醛浓度在测定的21种目标化合物中比重最高,分别占总量的29%~47%和19%~31%,其次为甲醛和丙酮,乙醛和壬醛.通过羰基化合物排放量与消耗的燃料质量比值估算了排放因子,6台锅炉羰基化合物排放因子介于3.06~18.29mg/kg之间,平均为9.45±6.05mg/kg.采用最大增量反应活性法(MIR)评价了羰基化合物的化学反应活性及臭氧生成潜势(OFP),平均总的臭氧生成潜势(以O3计)为5.97gO3/gVOCs;己醛、丙醛、甲醛对OFP的贡献尤为明显,丙酮虽然占有较高的质量浓度,但对OFP的贡献较低. 相似文献
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上海市大气羰基化合物水平研究 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7
建立乙腈-水-四氢呋喃三元梯度洗脱方法,利用HPLC-UV分离定量22种羰基化合物,并成功地分离了丙酮和丙烯醛.选取了2个采样点(工业区和商业区)对上海市大气中的羰基化合物进行了研究.结果表明,甲醛、乙醛、丙酮和2-丁酮(C1-C4羰基化合物)是上海市大气浓度较高的化合物,它们分别占羰基化合物总量的78.95%(工业区)和77.63%(商业区).在工业区,甲醛、乙醛、丙酮和2-丁酮的平均浓度分别为10.36、15.32、9.95和4.56μg/m3;在商业区,它们的平均浓度分别为10.00、10.04、7.80和2.81μg/m3.工业区的C1-C4羰基化合物平均水平要高于商业区.羰基化合物总量亦是工业区(53.64μg/m3)高于商业区(41.96μg/m3).羰基化合物的昼夜变化在工业区和商业区也比较一致,均是早高峰和晚上这2个时段的浓度很高,而其它时段较低. 相似文献
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大气中羰基化合物GC/MS分析方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
介绍了一种灵敏度高、可靠并且能同时检测大气中20种羰基化合物(C1~C10)的分析方法.该方法是采用涂布PFPH(衍生剂)的Tenax TA作为固体吸附剂采集大气样品,然后再经过溶剂洗脱和气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)分离检测的一项分析技术.校正曲线的可决系数(R2)、检测限(LOD)、平行样标准偏差(RSD,n=6)、回收率分别为0.995~1.00,0.15~1.04ng·m-3,7.3%~15.8%和92.7%~109.2%.该方法成功地应用到对大气中羰基化合物的定量检测.对羰基化合物浓度的日变化分析表明,上海大气中羰基化合物浓度变化与大气光化学反应的强弱有密切关系. 相似文献
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《中国环境科学》2017,(3)
2014年冬季和2015年夏季在佛山市采集了36个羰基化合物的样品,检测出了其中14种化合物并进行了定量分析.结果表明,佛山市冬夏季羰基化合物污染严重,采样期间冬季和夏季平均浓度分别为36.15μg/m~3±3.45μg/m~3和33.25μg/m~3±4.25μg/m~3.冬季三种主要污染物为:甲醛(8.54μg/m~3,23.65%)丙酮(8.20μg/m~3,22.69%)乙醛(5.79μg/m~3,16.03%);夏季主要污染物为:甲醛(14.63μg/m~3,44.01%)乙醛(6.22μg/m~3,18.70%)丙酮(5.23μg/m~3,15.73%);冬季羰基化合物日变化不大,上午与晚上浓度相近,下午浓度略高于上午和晚上;夏季羰基化合物日变化较大,上午与晚上浓度相近,下午浓度明显高于上午和晚上;佛山市冬季C1/C2和C2/C3的浓度比分别为1.56和14.35,夏季C1/C2和C2/C3的浓度比分别为2.63和15.56.佛山大气羰基化合物主要来源于人类活动.冬夏季采样期间甲醛、乙醛、丙酮和丙醛之间具有较好的相关性,可以表明这些羰基化合物可能有相似的来源. 相似文献
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自1997年12月~1998年7月,在覆盖整个青岛市区布设了6个采样点,用2,4-二硝基苯肼HPLC法测定了11种醛酮类羰基化合物在不同季节、不同时间的浓度.青岛市大气中甲醛、乙醛、丙酮及醛酮总量的平均浓度冬季分别为3.64,4.18,2.50,13.9mg/m3,夏季分别为9.95, 7.00,5.75,26.9mg/m3,夏季的浓度明显高于冬季,青岛市大气中甲醛占总羰基化合物的26.2%~37%,乙醛、丙酮分别占总羰基化合物的26.0%~30.1%和18.0%~21.4%.甲醛+乙醛+丙酮之和占总羰基化合物的74.3%~84.3%,甲醛和乙醛在冬、夏两季的相关性较差(R2=0.43),而乙醛和丙酮在夏季具有较强的相关性(R2=0.7399). 相似文献
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选取广东某大型炼油厂废水处理站进行现场采样,采用PFPH衍生化-GC/MS联用技术分析挥发性羰基化合物(oVOCs)的组成特征和含量水平,研究了其源排放特征、化学反应活性.结果表明,在该废水处理站大气中共检测出20种挥发性羰基化合物,各化合物的浓度范围为0~68.80μg.m-3,各废水处理单元oVOCs总浓度均值为(253.02±124.5)μg.m-3.背景校正后的质量浓度表明,各废水处理单元的大气中14种挥发性羰基化合物均占到总含量的90%以上,其中己醛含量最高,浓度均值达到(44.74±20.89)μg.m-3,其次是2-丁酮和乙醛,浓度均值分别达到(30.47±12.94)μg.m-3、(23.51±14.57)μg.m-3.通过计算化学活性和大气寿命筛选出分子标志物,并建立了废水处理站的oVOCs源成分谱. 相似文献
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《Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics》1993,27(12):1891-1901
The levels of semi-volatile aldehydes with 4–10 carbon atoms and a ketone identified as 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one by mass spectrometry have been measured in some urban, suburban and forest areas together with important hydrocarbons emitted by man-made (benzene, toluene) and biogenic sources (α-pinene). The results obtained show the ubiquitous occurrence of these carbonyl compounds in the atmospheric environment. Diurnal profiles obtained at various sites and a vertical gradient measured in a pine forest seem to be consistent with their natural origin. Direct emission from plants seems to be a major source for these components in the atmospheric boundary layer. The levels measured indicate that they are among the most abundant gaseous organic components present in natural environments. 相似文献
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Ana Vicente Ana Calvo Ana P. Fernandes Teresa Nunes Cristina Monteiro Casimiro Pio Célia Alves 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(3):122-131
In summer 2010, twenty eight(14 PM_(2.5)samples plus 14 samples PM_(2.5–10)) smoke samples were collected during wildfires that occurred in central Portugal. A portable high-volume sampler was used to perform the sampling, on quartz fibre filters of coarse(PM_(2.5–10)) and fine(PM_(2.5)) smoke samples. The carbonaceous content(elemental and organic carbon) of particulate matter was analysed by a thermal–optical technique. Subsequently, the particulate samples were solvent extracted and fractionated by vacuum flash chromatography into three different classes of organic compounds(aliphatics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and carbonyl compounds). The organic speciation was performed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS). Emissions were dominated by the fine particles, which represented around 92% of the PM_(10). A clear predominance of carbonaceous constituents was observed, with organic to elemental carbon(OC/EC)ratios ranging between 1.69 and 245 in both size fractions. The isoprenoid ketone6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone, a tracer for secondary organic aerosol formation, was one of the dominant constituents in both fine and coarse particles. Retene was the most abundant compound in all samples. Good correlations were obtained between OC and both aliphatic and PAH compounds. Pyrogenic processes, thermal release of biogenic compounds and secondary processing accounted for 97% of the apportioned PM_(2.5)levels. 相似文献
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烹调油烟气的成分及其分析方法 总被引:51,自引:2,他引:51
综述了烹调油烟气的历分及其分析方法,在烹调油烟气中检测到的成分至少3 300多种,具体尬发因熟钎条件不同而各异,主要有脂肪酸、烷烃、烯烃、醛、酮、醇、酯、芳香化合物和杂环化合物等。测定油烟气的方法主要有重量法,紫外分光光度法,薄层色谱法、高效液相色谱法、荧光分光光度法、握相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱联用法等。 相似文献
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《Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics》1990,24(7):1673-1684
Snow samples from central and southern California were collected during the winter of 1987–1988 from there storms and analyzed for carbonyl compounds and carboxylic acids. Approximately 90% of the samples contained total aldehyde concentrations up to 40 μM. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the dominant aldehydes observed; secondary aldehydes included glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and benzaldehyde. The highest aldehyde concentrations were observed in snow collected in areas where deciduous and coniferous forests are widespread. However, these aldehydes can be attributed also in part to primary and secondary products of anthropogenic activities. Formic and acetic were analyzed in all measured samples with concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 4.9 μM for HCOOH and from <0.3 to 13.4 μM for CH3COOH. Maximum contribution of organic acids to precipitation-free acidity, calculated by assuming that the only sources of the measured formate and acetate were their respective acid forms, averaged 43.1% for samples with a pH⩽5. A consistent correlation between NH4+ and acetate was found. [CH3COOH] exceeded [HCOOH] in about 50% of the samples with the highest levels for CH3COOH measured in cores collected from lower elevated locations adjacent to the Los Angeles basin. Results presented in this paper suggest that dry deposition and/or scavenging of carbonyl compounds and organic acids to snow may be important sinks for these compounds. 相似文献
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于2008年12月7~9日对珠江三角洲新垦的大气环境进行连续加强观测,采用DNPH-HPLC/UV分析方法测量了冬季海陆风条件下大气挥发性羰基化合物的组成及浓度水平,研究了污染特征和来源.结果表明,新垦大气中共检测到17种挥发性羰基化合物,浓度变化范围为7.78′10-9~31.78′10-9,大多数物质地面浓度高于楼顶.其中浓度最高的污染物是丙酮,其次是甲醛和乙醛,三者占总羰基化合物浓度的比例高于70%.大气挥发性羰基化合物的浓度分布呈现出以12月8日为代表的受城区污染物长距离输送影响的变化规律,以及以12月7日和12月9日为代表的受海陆风影响的变化规律.甲醛/乙醛和乙醛/丙醛的特征比值及各成分相关性分析表明它们主要来自城区人为污染源的排放,其组成和含量的变化与污染物长距离输送过程和海陆风影响有密切关系.大气光化学反应生成的二次产物和当地植被排放亦是重要来源. 相似文献
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《Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics》1991,25(11):2571-2580
Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) measurements are reported, taken on smoke aerosol particle samples generated from the combustion of small quantities of high- and low-sulfur crude oils. The smoke samples were stored in 6 m3 aging bags, and were analyzed over aging times of more than 50 h. Up to 58% of the high-sulfur crude oil smoke particles were found to be active as CCN at water supersaturation of 1% or less, while 20% were active in the low-sulfur case. Ion chromatography data show the presence of small quantities of inorganic and organic compounds which may be the cause of the CCN activity. The low-sulfur crude oil smoke particles were mixed with wood smoke particles, to see if the resulting aggregates are active as CCN. 相似文献
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影响餐饮业挥发性有机物排放浓度和组分构成的因素繁多。在餐饮实验平台上利用控制单一变量的方法,研究了食用油种类、烹饪方式和食材种类等因素对餐饮烹饪过程中非甲烷总烃(NMHC)、非甲烷的挥发性有机物(NMVOCs)和醛酮类化合物的排放特征的影响。结果表明:玉米油烹饪产生的NMVOCs浓度低为434μg/m3,仅为调和油的1/10,其产生的NMVOCs组分种类最少,致癌风险较调和油和起酥油更低;油炸的烹饪方式相比炒生成更多的NMVOCs和醛酮类化合物,相同方式下烹饪肉类食材产生的NMVOCs组分种类数量比蔬菜类食材更多。 相似文献
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对浙江嘉兴农场的大气羰基化合物水平进行了研究,利用液相双质谱(LC-MS/MS)进行样品分析,检测出32种羰基化合物.结果表明,甲醛、乙醛、壬醛/2-壬酮和十二醛为最为丰富的羰基化合物,其平均浓度分别为13.99,8.76,7.77,7.13μg/m3,分别占羰基化合物总量的18.29%,11.45%,10.16%,9.32%.光化学反应和植物排放,尤其是水稻的排放,是嘉兴农场大气羰基化合物的主要来源;水稻收割活动还是乙醛和己醛的另一个来源.羰基化合物之间的相关性分析表明,甲醛与乙醛之间有显著线性相关(r=0.58,P0.70,表明庚醛与乙醛及其他高分子的羰基化合物亦有相同来源;十一醛、十二醛、十三醛、辛醛、癸醛和壬醛/2-壬酮之间的线性相关在0.95~0.99范围(P<0.01),表明其来源极为一致. 相似文献