Decolorization of anthraquinone dye by Aspergillus ficuum in various physiological states

Decolorization of reactive brilliant blue KN-R by Aspergillus ficuum was investigated on suspended spores, mycelial pellets, immobilized cells. It was found that Aspergillus ficuum could effectively decolorize reactive brilliant blue KN-R especially when grown as pelleted mycelia. Many factors affecting the decolorization process in nitrogen-limited media (NLM) were studied, including: initial pH, temperature, and mycelial age. Results showed that the media containing reactive brilliant blue KN-R at 50 mg/L could be decolorized by 96% of the initial color in 42 h, in most conditions tested, the dye degraded products assayed by UV-visible spectrophotometer and macroscopic observation showed that the decolorization of reactive brilliant blue KN-R by mycelial pellets includes two important processes: biodegradation and biosorption. Kinetic study revealed that reactive brilliant KN-R biodegradation by mycelial pellets and suspended spores conformed to first-order reaction model while reactive brilliant blue KN-R biodegradation by immobilized cell followed zero-order model. In addition, mycelial pellets was found to biodegrade KN-R more quickly than suspended spores and immobilized cell.     

三维电极对水中染料降解脱色处理

研究了在传统二维电解槽的铁板电极之间填充锰砂并鼓气搅拌，得到三相三维电极流化床反应器，对比两种反应器对酸性大红3R染色模拟废水降解脱色作用，考察了槽电压、支持电解质质量浓度、反应时间等因素对两种反应器处理染料脱色率的影响。实验表明，这些因素对酸性大红3R的降解脱色均有不同程度的影响，在相同条件下，三相三维电极流化床反应器比二维电极电解槽的处理脱色速度快和处理效率高，在不同处理时间内，脱色率可提高30％～50％。紫外-可见光吸收光谱分析表明，该方法不仅能对酸性大红3R的生色基团进行降解脱色，且对萘环不饱和共轭体系也具有破坏降解作用。     

真菌对染料的脱色研究进展

染料废水的任意排放不仅会造成自然水体的污染、水生动植物的死亡、生态系统的失衡,还会直接对人体产生危害.真菌对染料脱色的研究最早始于上世纪80年代,是目前生物法处理染料废水研究中的热点.本文主要从真菌染料脱色的多样性、真菌染料脱色机理以及真菌染料脱色的应用条件等3方面对真菌染料的脱色研究进展进行综述,探讨了不同种类真菌包括白腐真菌、霉菌、酵母菌等对染料的脱色作用,阐明了真菌吸附脱色、降解脱色的机理,介绍了真菌在染料脱色应用中的优势,并对未来真菌染料脱色研究的方向提出了展望.图1参42     

Decolorization of methyl orange in wastewater with in situ electrogenerated oh free radicals

A treatability study was conducted to determine the potential of white rot fungi to remediate soil from a Superfund site that had been contaminated with DDT. A tiered approach was utilized, starting with simple laboratory studies to screen the potential of white rot fungal strains to degrade DDT and culminating with a soil pan study that simulated land farming. Results from early tiers of the study indicated that Phanerochaete sordida had the best potential for remediating the soil. In the soil pan study, the fungus ultimately grew very well after second inoculation. However, the good growth did not translate to higher DDT removal compared to removal in pans that were not inoculated. ¹⁴[DDT] fate studies indicated the small amount of removal that did occur for both fungal inoculated and non‐inoculated conditions could be partially attributed to incorporation into humic material. Addition of a surfactant to the soil enhanced the removal of DDT in both inoculated and non‐inoculated soil. Consequently, under simulated land fanning conditions, this strain of fungus was not successful in remediating this soil.     

水中直接染料的多相催化脱色的试验条件研究

实验结果表明,金属氧化物催化剂与活性炭和过氧化氢配合使用,对直接染料有很高的催化脱色率。反应进行迅速,以直接耐酸大红4BS和直接红棕RN为代表的正交实验表明影响催化脱色作用的主要因素为催化剂,其次是活性炭和过氧化氢。直接深蓝L－3RB,直接铜蓝2R,直接黑L－3BQ,直接耐晒黄RS,直接青莲RB等的最大脱色率为92.9%-99.5%。     

新生MnO2对直接染料废水的脱色作用

以化学法合成的新生MnO2作吸附剂，对直接桃红12B（Direct red 12B)，直接大红4B（Direct reb 4B)，直接耐晒蓝B2RL（Direct Fast blue B2RL)染料废水进行脱色研究，探讨了影响吸附的因素，结果表明：新生MnO2对三种染料的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式，吸附速率大，在适宜条件下对直接桃红，直接大红，直接耐晒蓝的脱色率分别为95．5％，96．2％和98．9％。     

火山岩型膨润土原矿的脱色性能研究

考察了火山岩型膨润土原矿对亚甲基蓝溶液的脱色处理效果，发现12min后4种矿物的脱色率均达到了85％以上，其中信阳、黑山和凌源膨润土矿样脱色率高达98％以上。各膨润土矿地质背景差异导致矿样间物理化学性质的差异较大。讨论膨润土的物理化学性质和染料脱色效果，发现影响膨润土样品吸附的主要因素为膨润土d001值、CEC以及内表面积。     

Treatment of textile dye wastewater using ozone combined with photocatalyst

Ozonolysis combined with photocatalysis was used as a new approach for the treatment of textile dye wastewater containing azo dyes. The color reduction was very fast when only ozone was used for the treatment, but a 90% Total Organic Carbon (TOC) reduction was obtained only during a combined treatment. Reactive Black 5 dye containing two different percentages of NaCl was used for the experiment. The color reduction was fast in the neutral and basic pH. However for a fast TOC reduction acidic pH was found to be more effective. On‐line UV‐Vis spectrophotometry was used to measure the color reduction.     

Anaerobic degradation kinetics of reactive dye with different carbon sources

This study aims to investigate the anaerobic degradation kinetics of reactive dye, C.I. Reactive Red 141 (Evercion Red H-E7B) by partially granulated anaerobic mixed culture using three carbon sources, namely modified starch (MS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and acrylic size (AS) during batch incubation. There is a first-order kinetics reaction in the decolorization processes using MS and PVA as carbon sources, while a zero-order kinetics relationship describes the decolorization process for the AS carbon source. The k values and color removal rate of decolorization with MS carbon source was higher than those of PVA and AS carbon sources. This is because the MS carbon source was well degraded in comparison to AS and PVA, respectively This study also found dye reduction could be enhanced through the addition of MS as a carbon source. The decolorization rates increased with decrease in dye concentrations of RR 141. In contrast, the decolorization rates increased with increase in COD concentration.     

固定化无花果曲霉对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色

采用海藻酸钙法固定不同状态无花果曲霉，形成活菌固定化小球和死菌固定化小球。同时考察了不同因素如培养时间、温度、pH、染料浓度对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色影响。试验结果表明：在33℃、pH为5．0、150r／min的振荡条件下，经66h它对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色达到最佳效果。两种不同状态固定化小球的脱色率有较大的差别，其中活菌固定化小球的脱色率明显高于死菌固定化小球。其中活菌固定化小球经3次脱色后能重复使用，脱色率仍达79．8％。     

六方水钠锰矿对罗丹明B的去除效果及机理

六方水钠锰矿作为环境中一种具有较强氧化与吸附能力的氧化锰矿物,对环境中的有机染料有着一定的去除作用.采用常压回流法一步合成纳米六方水钠锰矿,运用X射线衍射(XRD)、电感耦合等离子体光谱仪(ICP-AES)、BET氮气吸附法、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对其矿物晶体结构、化学组成、比表面积、孔径分布...     

无花果曲霉对直接冻黄（G）的脱色特性研究

文章利用无花果曲霉对直接冻黄G进行脱色研究,在搅拌条件下,菌丝球能有效地使直接冻黄G脱色（＞90％在24h内）。在限氮培养基中,对影响脱色过程的因素进行了试验。这些因素包括：葡萄糖浓度、酒石酸 铵浓度、原初pH及温度。结果表明：该菌丝球对染料脱色的最佳温度为30℃,最佳pH5.0,培养基成分对脱色也有一定的影响。该菌对染料的脱色酶为组成酶,脱色酶在细胞内、外均有分布,染料对酶无诱导作用。菌丝球经二次脱色后能重新被利用。     

一株染料脱色酵母菌的鉴定及脱色特性

从土壤中分离到一株活性艳红K-2BP脱色酵母菌株Y-63,根据其生理生化特征和26S rRNA基因序列相似性分析,鉴定为Pseudozyma rugulosa.该菌在16 h内对100 mg/L的活性艳红K-2BP脱色率为94%,其机理属于降解脱色.该染料脱色的最佳接种量(φ)应不低于5%,最适pH在4～9之间,(NH4)2SO4浓度(w)不低于0.1%,葡萄糖浓度(w)不低于0.2%.此外,该菌株对其它9种50 mg/L的染料(活性艳蓝X-BR、媒介漂蓝B、活性翠蓝KN-G、酸性媒介黄GG、媒介红S-80、依加仑蓝FBL 200%、弱酸艳红B、活性黑KN-B和活性红M-3BE)的脱色率在10%～96%之间.该研究表明酵母Y-63在染料废水的处理上具有较好的应用潜能.     

青霉木质纤维素降解酶系研究进展

越来越多的研究表明青霉属(Penicillium)真菌中的一些种类不仅能分泌组成齐全、酶活较高的木质纤维素降解酶系,而且具有易培养和生长快的优势.本文就国内外对青霉菌木质纤维素降解酶系研究的最新动态进行了综述,包括菌株的选育、纤维素酶系的特性与合成调控,以及基因分析与克隆.同时介绍了斜卧青霉纤维素酶系的生产与发酵工艺,以及酶解过程分析等相关研究进展.表4参48     

一株无色杆菌属菌株对孔雀绿的脱色降解

从孔雀绿污染土壤中分离筛选出1株对孔雀绿染料有强脱色能力的菌株MGT3,根据其形态学特征和生理生化鉴定以及16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为无色杆菌属(Achromobacter sp.)的菌株.在振荡培养条件下对该菌株的脱色反应条件进行了研究,结果表明,MGT3菌株的最适脱色pH为7,最适脱色温度为30℃,孔雀绿初始浓度小于50 mgL-1时有最佳脱色率,在最适脱色条件下脱色8 h,孔雀绿脱色率可达到90%以上,利用薄层层析法、紫外-可见分光光度计法、高效液相色谱法对孔雀绿脱色代谢产物进行了分析,结果表明,孔雀绿在脱色过程中被降解,生成了其他代谢产物.图8表1参26     

Photocatalytic oxidation of the textile dye basic red 18 with irradiated titanium dioxide

One of the major problems of textile wastewater is the presence of dye materials, because colour is visible to the public even if the dye concentration is lower than other pollutants, and needs therefore to be removed from the wastewater before it is discharged. Techniques based on “advanced oxidative processes” such as photocatalysed oxidation seem to be very promising for industrial wastewater treatment, especially for decolourization of textile effluents. In this work, we describe the photocatalytic degradation of the textile dye Basic Red 18 (BR 18) in aqueous solution using two different types of TiO₂ as photocatalyst: Degussa P25 (80% anatase) and Framitalia (100% anatase). Photooxidation of BR 18 was followed by HPLC analysis, and kinetic parameters were evaluated in order to optimise the treatment procedure. The results obtained in this work showed that the colour became virtually zero and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is strongly reduced at the end of the treatment. The obtained results are compared with the efficiency of decolourization using the H₂O₂/UV System. Finally, marine mussel test was used to evaluate the efficiency of photocatalytic oxidation with TiO₂ in terms of ecotoxicity. A significant reduction of cumulative mortality was observed for the treated effluent.     

Decolorization of remazol yellow RR gran by white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium

In this study, the removal of color, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and aromatic group from one of the azo dyes, Remazol Yellow RR Gran, had been carried out by using one of the white rot fungi, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Experimental studies were performed in growth media containing different amounts of dye and glucose. Color measurements were done at 436nm wavelength using spectrophotometer while aromatic group measurements were done at 280 nm wavelength using UV/Visible spectrophotometer. As a result of this study the values of the removable color concentration were determined as 10 mgl(-1) and lower. The optimum medium glucose concentration was determined to be 2 gl(-1) during color removal processes, aromatic group measurements were done in samples in the UV region at 280 nm wavelength. As a result of the measurements, it was shown that certain amount of aromatic group remained in the model wastewater at the end of the process.     

新生MnO2对甲基橙废水的脱色特性研究

以化学法合成的新生MnO2作吸附剂,对水中甲基橙染料进行吸附脱色研究,探讨了影响吸附的因素和吸附机理。结果表明：新生Mn2对甲基橙的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,吸附速率大,吸附前溶液pH值是影响染料脱色效果的最主要因素,吸附后溶液pH和温度影响较小。在实验条件下可使甲基橙脱色率达99％。     

耐高盐撕裂蜡孔菌P2对模拟橙黄G染料废水的脱色及废水脱色前后的毒性测试

为评价撕裂蜡孔菌P2处理橙黄G染料废水的应用潜力,采用批次实验在开敞系统中研究静置与摇动、染料初始浓度、pH、温度、盐度、碳源、氮源、金属离子等因子对该菌降解橙黄G染料废水的影响,同时利用植物萌发与微生物抑菌试验进行染料与脱色溶液的毒性测试.结果表明,与摇动培养相比,静置培养更适合于撕裂蜡孔菌的脱色,最适脱色pH与温度分别为9和25℃.盐度测试结果显示撕裂蜡孔菌能在浓度为128 g L-1的盐溶液中能进行高效脱色,可达70%以上.在上述参数体系的优化基础上,分别进行了碳源、氮源与金属离子的添加优化实验,结果显示碳源、氮源与金属离子的最适浓度分别为4 g L-1葡萄糖、0.15 g L-1硝酸铵和0.1 mmol L-1 Zn2+.菌丝吸附在整个脱色过程中作用较小,撕裂蜡孔菌对橙黄G的脱色过程以酶的降解为主,未发现该菌分泌漆酶,只分泌锰过氧化物酶与木质素过氧化物酶,其最高活性分别为230 U mL-1和158 U mL-1.植物与微生物毒性分析显示撕裂蜡孔菌脱色后的产物对植物与微生物的毒性大大降低.因此,撕裂蜡孔菌对于处理橙黄G染料废水具有良好的应用潜力.     

定点突变对扩展青霉脂肪酶热稳定性的改善

利用重叠延伸PCR方法对扩展青霉脂肪酶基因进行体外定点突变,构建了K115R与随机突变体ep8双突变的重组质粒pAO815-ep8-K115R.将该质粒电转化到毕赤酵母GS115中进行异源表达,获得双突变体脂肪酶PEL-ep8-K115R-GS.与野生型脂肪酶PEL-GS和随机突变体脂肪酶PEL-ep8-GS进行比较,发现双突变体脂肪酶PEL-ep8-K115R-GS在40℃温浴30 min后残余酶活为89%,比野生型脂肪酶PEL-GS和随机突变体脂肪酶PEL-ep8-GS分别提高54%和27%;双突变体脂肪酶PEL-ep8-K115R-GS的Tm值为42.2℃,比野生型脂肪酶PEL-GS提高3.5℃,比随机突变脂肪酶PEL-ep8-GS提高2.0℃.研究结果表明对扩展青霉脂肪酶的分子改造能提高其热稳定性.