Ce-Mn/TiO2催化剂选择性催化还原NO的低温活性及抗毒化性能

用浸渍法制备了Ce-Mn/TiO2催化剂,考察了其在O2存在条件下选择性催化还原(SCR)NO的活性和抗SO2及H2O毒化的性能.结果表明,反应温度、空间速度、NO进口浓度和NH3/NO摩尔比对NO转化率的影响较小;在120℃的低温条件下,该催化剂显示了良好的催化活性,NO的转化率始终保持在95%以上.该催化剂有良好的同时抗SO2和H2O毒化能力.     

H_2O和SO_2对Cr-Ce/TiO_2催化氧化NO性能的影响

采用浸渍法在最佳制备条件下制备了新型Cr-Ce/TiO2催化剂,并对催化剂进行了BET和XRD表征.同时,考察了反应温度、H2O和SO2对该催化剂催化氧化NO性能的影响,并对中毒催化剂进行了FT-IR分析,讨论了中毒机理.结果表明,Cr-Ce/TiO2催化剂具有良好的NO氧化活性,在空速为10000h-1、O2体积分数8%(φ)、NO进口体积分数700×10-6条件下,反应温度250℃时NO转化率可达到59.7%,330℃时NO转化率可达到最大值80.7%.单独加入10%(φ)H2O或300×10-6(φ)SO2都可使催化剂活性降低,但在较高温度时影响较小.330℃下单独通入SO2和同时通入H2O与SO210h后,由于催化剂表面生成了少量硫酸盐和亚硫酸盐,活性下降并维持在62.4%左右,能够满足对NOx进行高效吸收的要求;停止通入H2O和SO2后,催化剂活性恢复到71.6%,加热处理后活性能进一步恢复到78.5%.该催化剂具有比文献中报道的其它NO氧化催化剂更强的抗H2O和SO2毒化能力.     

SO2对Ag/Al2O3催化剂上CH3OH还原NO性能的影响

用溶胶-凝胶混合法制备了Ag负载量为5%的Ag/A12O3催化剂.研究了富氧条件下,SO2对CH3OH在催化剂上还原NO性能的影响.结果表明,反应气不含SO2和H2O时,NO还原活性温度较低,有显著量N2O生成,这被归因为反应过程中,部分氧化态Ag被还原为金属Ag.添加SO2或同时添加SO2和H2O使催化剂活性显著增加,N2O形成受到抑制,而且活性峰值温度提高.XPS分析表明SO2作用后的催化剂表面形成了硫酸盐化合物.     

Fe-MnOx-CeO2/ZrO2低温催化还原NO性能研究

以纳米ZrO2为载体,用浸渍法制备出Fe-MnOx-CeO2/ZrO2催化剂,考察了活性组分配比和助剂负载量对催化剂低温NH3选择性催化还原NO活性的影响,并对催化剂进行了XRD、SEM、EDS和BET表征;探讨了温度、H2O和SO2对Fe-MnOx-CeO2/ZrO2催化剂低温下NH3选择性催化还原NO的影响,结果表明,无SO2和H2O条件下,8%Fe-10%MnOx-CeO2/ZrO2催化剂具有良好的催化活性和稳定性.120℃时,催化剂的脱硝效率为85.23%,当温度升至180℃时,脱硝效率可达到92.0%.SO2和H2O共存条件下,催化剂易失活,采用傅立叶变换红外光谱对各反应阶段的催化剂进行了表征,对其失活机制进行深入研究,结果表明,催化剂失活的主要原因是催化剂表面硫酸铵盐的沉积和催化剂本身活性成分的硫酸盐化.     

Mn-Ce-Fe/TiO2低温催化还原NO的性能

采用浸渍法制备了Mn-Ce-Fe/TiO2.研究了其组分配比、焙烧温度等制备条件和NO进口浓度、空速、O2含量、NH3/NO摩尔比等操作条件对Mn-Ce-Fe/TiO2 NH3低温还原NO活性的影响,并探讨了H2O、SO2对Mn-Ce-Fe/Ti O2活性的影响.结果表明,Mn:Fe:Ce摩尔比为5:2:4、500℃下焙烧的Mn-Ce-Fe/TiO2在无H2O、SO2,NO体积分数为0.1%,空速为5000h～,反应温度为130℃、O2含量为6%、NH3/NO摩尔比为1.1的条件下,NO转化率接近98%,Fe的加入大大提高了催化剂的单独抗水和同时抗硫抗水性能,130℃下,体积分数10%的H2O对该催化剂的活性基本没有影响,转化率保持在96%以上;通硫、水后的400min内,活性仅下降3%.单独通人S02时,该催化剂中毒程度较深.该催化剂有望应用于基本不含SO2的燃气锅炉烟气和不含SO2的硝酸尾气等NO,工业废气的低温脱硝.     

SO2存在下NO在NiO/γ-Al2O3催化剂上的催化氧化

研究了SO2对NO在NiO/γ-Al2O3催化剂上氧化活性的影响，考察了不同反应温度和不同SO2浓度下的NO氧化脱除率和NO2生成浓度随时间的变化。并用XRD、IR、BET等方法测定了反应前后催化剂的物相结合。结果表明，在150℃时SO2的存在对一段反应时间内NO在催化剂表面上的氧化具有很大的促进作用。SO2在NiO/γ-Al2O3上的适量吸附有效地提高了NO催化氧化的活性，但随着SO2吸附量的增加，仙化剂的活会逐渐衰退，提高反应温度会使催化剂的失活速度加快。     

地下水脱硝催化剂的制备及其性能研究

以Al2O3为载体制备了负载型催化剂,通过甲酸催化还原脱除地下水中硝酸盐对该催化剂进行了活性评价,并研究了催化剂制备条件对催化性能的影响,发现催化剂种类、配比及其含量不同,催化剂的催化性能也相应发生变化,其中4%Pd-1%Cu/Al2O3催化剂可以在45min内将100mg/L的NO3-被完全去除。     

废弃SCR脱硝催化剂的再生及其脱硝性能研究

对废弃脱硝催化剂处理后重新加工再生,研究了添加剂对其粉体成型和再生催化剂脱硝活性的影响,探讨了反应温度、空速、n(NH3)∶n(NO)摩尔比、氧含量、H2O和SO2对再生催化剂NH3选择性催化还原(SCR)NO的影响。结果表明:最佳再生条件是使用5%羧甲基纤维素和10%无机粘结剂辅助成型;废弃催化剂再生利用率高达90%;再生催化剂抗压强度为4.73 MPa,优于商用催化剂;空速5 000 h-1、氨氮摩尔比1、氧含量6%时,脱硝活性温度窗口为310⁴50℃,350℃时活性最高为94%;350℃时,单独通入1 000×10-6SO2或10%H2O对再生催化剂活性均有一定抑制作用,最低活性分别为70%和81%,停止通入SO2或H2O后其活性逐渐恢复;同时通入1 000×10-6SO2和10%H2O,再生催化剂活性下降至63%并于1 h内保持相对稳定,停止通入SO2和H2O 2 h后,活性逐渐恢复到73%。     

Ag/Al2O3催化剂用于碳氢化合物选择性还原NO

比较了富氧条件下CH4、C3H8、C3H6和C2H5OH分别用作还原剂时,NO在Ag/Al2O3催化剂上的还原活性.结果表明, CH4和C3H8还原NO的活性很低,而C3H6和C2H5OH能有效地还原NO.在此基础上,研究了H2O和SO2对C3H6和C2H5OH在Ag/Al2O3催化剂上还原NO活性的影响.结果表明,H2O的存在会降低低温区的NO还原活性,而且这种影响是可逆的.将H2O 和SO2同时加入反应混合气,引起NO还原活性较大幅度降低,结合程序升温脱附实验结果,认为可能是由于存在SO2时,Ag/Al2O3催化剂吸附NO的能力降低.     

V2O5/TiO2催化剂中毒机理的试验研究

选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂是SCR烟气脱硝技术的核心,是整个SCR系统脱硝效率和经济性的决定因素.本文工作的主要研究思路是以钒钛SCR催化剂为研究对象,研究了H2O和SO2,以及相同含量下K、Na、Ca、Pb的氧化物对钒钛催化剂NO转化率的影响.H2O的存在会抑制V2O5/TiO2催化剂脱硝活性,而SO2在一定程度上促进(V2O5/TiO2)催化剂的SCR脱硝反应,提高NO转化率;碱金属K对钒钛催化剂的钝化作用都是最强,K2O和Na2O的掺入会抑制钒钛催化剂上V2O5的还原能力,而CaO和PbO的掺入对钒钛催化剂上V2O5的还原能力影响较小.     

NH3-SCR performance and the resistance to SO2 for Nb doped vanadium based catalyst at low temperatures

Niobium oxide as the promoter was doped in the V/WTi catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO.The results showed that the addition of Nb_2O_5could improve the SCR activity at low temperatures and the 6 wt.%additive was an appropriate dosage.The enhanced reaction activity of adsorbed ammonia species and the improved dispersion of vanadium oxide might be the reasons for the elevation of SCR activity at low temperatures.The resistances to SO_2of 3V6Nb/WTi catalyst at different temperatures were investigated.FTIR spectrum and TG-FTIR result indicated that the deposition of ammonium sulfate species was the main deactivation reason at low temperatures,which still exhibited the reactivity with NO above 200°C on the catalyst surface.There was a synergistic effect among NH_3,H_2O and SO_2that NH_3and H_2O both accelerated the catalyst deactivation in the presence of SO_2at 175°C.The thermal treatment at 400°C could regenerate the deactivated catalyst and get SCR activity recovered.The particle and monolith catalysts both kept stable NO_xconversion at 225°C with high concentration of H_2O and SO_2during the long time tests.     

Iron-doped Mn-Ce/TiO2 catalyst for low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

The catalysts of iron-doped Mn-Ce/TiO 2(Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2) prepared by sol-gel method were investigated for low temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO with NH 3.It was found that the NO conversion over Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 was obviously improved after iron doping compared with that over Mn-Ce/TiO 2.Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 with the molar ratio of Fe/Ti = 0.1 exhibited the highest activity.The results showed that 96.8% NO conversion was obtained over Fe(0.1)-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 at 180°C at a space velocity of 50,000 hr 1.Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO 2 exhibited much higher resistance to H 2 O and SO 2 than that of Mn-Ce/TiO 2.The properties of the catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),N 2 adsorption,temperature programmed desorption(NH 3-TPD and NOx-TPD),and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) techniques.BET,NH3-TPD and NOx-TPD results showed that the specific surface area and NH3 and NOx adsorption capacity of the catalysts increased with iron doping.It was known from XPS analysis that iron valence state on the surface of the catalysts were in Fe3+ state.The doping of iron enhanced the dispersion and oxidation state of Mn and Ce on the surface of the catalysts.The oxygen concentrations on the surface of the catalysts were found to increase after iron doping.Fe-Mn-Ce/TiO2 represented a promising catalyst for low temperature SCR of NO with NH3 in the presence of H2 O and SO2.     

Mn-CeOx/Ti-PILCs for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 at low temperature

Titanium-pillared clays (Ti-PILCs) were obtained by different ways from TiCl₄, Ti(OC₃H₇)₄ and TiOSO₄, respectively. Mn-CeO_x/Ti-PILCs were then prepared and their activities of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH₃ at low-temperature were evaluated. Mn-CeO_x/Ti-PILCs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia and H₂-temperature-programmed reduction. It was found that Ti-pillar tend to be helpful for the enlargement of surface area, pore volume, acidity and the enhancement of thermal stability for Mn-CeO_x/Ti-PILCs. Mn-CeO_x/Ti-PILCs catalysts were active for the SCR of NO. Among three resultant Mn-CeO_x/Ti-PILCs, the catalyst from TiOSO₄ showed the highest activity with 98% NO conversion at 220℃, it also exhibited good resistance to H₂O and SO₂ in flue gas. The catalyst from TiCl₄ exhibited the lowest activity due to the unsuccessful pillaring process.     

锰铈脱硝催化剂的制备及其再生性能研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列Mn-Ce-Ox复合氧化物脱硝催化剂用于NH3选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)NO。考察了Mn/Ce摩尔比、焙烧温度、H2O和SO2对Mn-Ce-Ox复合氧化物脱硝催化剂活性的影响及催化剂中毒再生性能。结果表明:当NH3:NO=1:1,空速为5 000 h-1,550℃焙烧制得的Mn/Ce摩尔比为5∶1的Mn-Ce-Ox复合脱硝催化剂活性最佳,活性温度窗口为100~260℃,在此温度区间内催化剂活性大于90%。200℃时,Mn-Ce-Ox复合催化剂活性最高为97.84%;在10%(V/V)H2O蒸汽和300×10-6SO2共存条件下,200℃时,催化剂活性在开始反应2.5 h内迅速下降至53%左右,并在之后的6 h内没有明显变化;中毒催化剂经常温水洗再生处理、质量分数为3%的硝酸溶液再生处理和550℃焙烧2 h再生处理后200℃活性均能恢复到90%以上,其中中毒催化剂经质量分数为3%硝酸处理后活性恢复率最高。     

Performance and mechanism study for low-temperature SCR of NO with propylene in excess oxygen over Pt/TiO2 catalyst

A 0.5 wt.% Pt/TiO2 catalyst was prepared and used for the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO with C3 H6 in the presence of excess oxygen.The effects of Pt loading and O2 concentration on Pt/TiO2 catalytic performance for low-temperature SCR were investigated.It was found that optimal Pt loading was 0.5 wt.% and excess O2 favored low-temperature SCR of NOx.The mechanism of low-temperature SCR of NO with C3 H6 was investigated with respect to the behavior of adsorbed species over Pt/TiO2 at 150°C using in situ DRIFTS.The results indicated that surface nitrosyl species(Pt δ+-NO and Ti 3+-NO) and Pt 2+-CO are main reaction intermediates during the interactions of NO,C3 H6 and O2.A simplified NO decomposition mechanism for the low-temperature SCR of NO with C3 H6 was proposed.     

低温条件下Nano-MnOx上NH3选择性催化还原NO

采用流变相法制备了无载体Nano-MnO_x催化剂,在低温条件下(50～150℃)以NH₃为还原剂系统考察了氮氧化物的选择催化还原特性.结果表明,流变相法制备的Nano-MnO_x催化剂具有良好的低温催化活性.实验条件下,80℃即可获得98.25%的NO转化率,100～150℃内NO几乎完全转化;SO₂和H₂Ｏ会与NO和NH₃在催化剂表面产生竞争吸附,导致催化活性下降,但该影响是可逆的.经分析,较大的比表面积和较低的晶化度是Nano-MnO_x具有良好低温活性的2个主要原因.     

不同方法制备的铟催化剂选择性还原NO

不同负载量的In/Al₂O₃催化剂分别以浸渍法、共沉淀法和溶胶-凝胶法制得,对比评价了不同方法制备的样品在富氧条件下以丙烯为还原剂,选择性催化还原NO的活性,考察了氧气浓度、H₂O对活性的影响.研究表明,铟催化剂有较高的去除NO活性,制备方法对催化剂活性具有显著影响.其中,溶胶-凝胶法和共沉淀法最高活性都可达90%左右;而浸渍法样品的活性较差,最高转化率不到60%.氧气浓度对NOx最高转化率及其相应反应温度均有重要影响.随着O2浓度的提高,最高活性对应的反应温度降低.反应气氛中H₂O的加入使铟催化剂活性大幅降低.铟与其他多种金属活性组分相比,一个突出的不同表现是,3种方法各自的最佳负载量相差不大.     

钒钛基SCR催化剂中毒及再生研究进展

在烟气脱硝系统中,选择性催化还原催化剂的中毒和再生是广泛关注的问题。文章介绍了钒钛基催化剂的碱金属中毒、碱土金属中毒、砷中毒和二氧化硫中毒,探讨其成因,并对中毒机理进行了分析,同时研究了避免催化剂中毒的措施以及中毒催化剂的再生技术。对碱金属中毒和碱土金属中毒催化剂的水洗再生和硫酸酸洗再生方法进行了实验评价。文章对溶胶凝胶法制备的以陶瓷颗粒为骨架的纳米负载型催化剂V2O5-WO3/TiO2(C)进行研究。实验结果表明,硫酸酸洗再生对碱金属和碱土金属中毒催化剂具有较好的再生效果。在380～410℃温度范围内可使中毒催化剂的NO去除率恢复至90%以上。水洗再生对碱金属中毒催化剂无明显效果,而在380～410℃温度范围内可使碱土金属中毒催化剂的NO去除率达到80%以上。对V2O5-WO3/TiO2(C)抗SO2性能研究表明,以锐钛TiO2为载体的V2O5-WO3/TiO2(C)催化剂具有较好的抗SO2效果。     

Kinetics of selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH_3 on Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst

The catalyst of Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 has been found to be more active than Fe-ZSM-5 and Mo/ZSM-5 separately for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide (NO) with NH_3.The kinetics of the SCR reaction in the presence of O_2 was studied in this work.The results showed that the observed reaction orders were 0.74-0.99,0.01-0.13,and 0 for NO,O_2 and NH_3 at 350-450℃,respectively. And the apparent activation energy of the SCR was 65 kJ/mol on the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst.The SCR mechanism was also deduced. Adsorbed NO species can react directly with adsorbed ammonia species on the active sites to form N_2 and H_2O.Gaseous O_2 might serve as a reoxidizing agent for the active sites that have undergone reduction in the SCR process.It is also important to note that a certain amount of NO was decomposed directly over the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst in the absence of NH_3.     

Kinetics of selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 on Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst

The catalyst of Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 has been found to be more active than Fe-ZSM-5 and Mo/ZSM-5 separately for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide (NO) with NH3. The kinetics of the SCR reaction in the presence of O2 was studied in this work. The results show that the observed reaction orders were 0.74-0.99, 0.01-0.13, and 0 for NO, O2 and NH3, respectively, at 350-450℃. And the apparent activation energy of the SCR was 65 kJ/mol on the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst. The SCR mechanism was also deduced. Adsorbed NO species can react directly with adsorbed ammonia species on the active sites to form N2 and H2O. Gaseous O2 might serve as a reoxidizing agent for the active sites that have undergone reduction in the SCR process. It is also important to note that a certain amount of NO was decomposed directly over the Fe-Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst in the absence of NH3.