浅论工业固化废物的资源化和减量化

从工业固化废物所具有的资源性特征出发，简要论术了工业困难废物资源化和减量化的重要意义。通过对资源化前景的分析，提出了发展社会化、专业化资源再利用和加强立法保障的对策建议。通过对国内外废物减量化的一些实例分析，论述了废物减量化的根本途径和今后的发展方向。     

实行废物削减审计 推进生产废物减量化管理

实行废物削减审计推进生产废物减量化管理上海锻压机床厂潘炳炎废物削减审计是对企业生产全过程中每个环节、每道工序产生的污染和废弃物情况进行定量审查，找出高耗、排污的原因，然后提出对策，”制定预防方案。它以最优化的利用资源和废物排放量最少化效果为目的，提高...     

拓展包装废物管理的新思路

发达国家包装废物管理制度 发达国家包装废物管理手段发达国家主要是从管理目标、法律法规、回收利用体系、经济制度等几个方面对包装废物进行减量化、资源化的环境管理.     

韩国包装废物管理制度

介绍了韩国固体废物的管理中针对包装废物的管理体制和制度。韩国固体废物的主要监管执行部门是环境资源公社。韩国固体废物管理制度按照循环经济3R原则,制订了生产者责任延伸制度、废物付费制度、押金返还制度、分类排放标识制度及事业场废物减量化制度,在控制韩国包装废物产量和提高回收中起到了很好的作用。     

浅论工业固体废物的资源化和减量化

从工业固体废物所具有的资源性特征出发,简要论述了工业固体废物资源化和减量化的重要意义。通过对资源化前景的分析,提出了发展社会化,专业化资源再利用和加强立法保障的对策建议。通过对国内外废物减量化的一些实例分析,论述了废物减量化的根本途径和今后的发展方向。     

中华人民共和国循环经济促进法

第一章总则第一条 为了促进循环经济发展,提高资源利用效率,保护和改善环境,实现可持续发展,制定本法。第：条本法所称循环经济,是指在生产、流通和消费等过程中进行的减量化、再利用、资源化活动的总称。本法所称减量化,是指在生产、流通和消费等过程中减少资源消耗和废物产生。本法所称再利用,是指将废物直接作为产品或者经修复、翻新、再制造后继续作为产品使用,或者将废物的全部或者部分作为其他产品的部件予以使用。     

节能小知识

一个可供开发区企业间进行废物资源交换的网络系统正在筹建之中，该网络将致力于为企业提供废物资源信息，采用市场化运作模式，促进企业之间进行废物交换，从而变废物为资源，使企业获得环境与经济效益的双赢，同时使整个园区的资源利用率得到提高。     

简讯

日处理医疗废物能力为7t的山东省滨州市医疗废物集中无害化处置中心日前正式运营。滨州市乡镇以上医院每天产生的4．09t左右的医疗废物将逐步得到有效减量化、无害化、资源化处置。     

畜禽养殖的循环经济发展模式

分析了畜禽养殖业的污染现状及其原因，提出畜禽养殖业应该走循环经济的发展模式，通过研制生态饲料及废物综合利用，达到畜禽粪便的减量化、无害化、资源化。     

中小型企业的清洁生产—废物预防

废物预防评估的目的于系统确定，评估和实施废物预防措施。为获得废物预防的成功，推动企业在生产过程中获得环境效益，特别对中小企业应根据企业的特点制定废物预防评价程序。本文描述了在一个铸造企业里是如何指导开展废物预防评估的。实例对获得废物预防的成功措施进行了研究，这些成功的措施是：获得明显的废物预防效益，组织有能力有动力的工程队伍，产生新的理论，采用预防环境关心系统。     

Waste minimisation in small and medium-sized enterprises—do environmental management systems help?

The main research question of our study was as follows: What opportunities for upgrading material efficiency and waste minimisation can be found in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)? The empirical material consisted of 41 theme interviews in Finnish industrial SMEs. In the article, the SMEs are assigned to four different categories according to their attitudes towards environmental protection. This analysis also explains why SMEs build up environmental management systems (EMSs). The EMSs do not appear to provide much impetus for SMEs to implement waste minimisation. The reduction of wastes in SMEs is driven more by the costs of raw materials than by waste costs. From the standpoint of environmental authorities, it is therefore crucial to find procedures to support SMEs in increasing their efficient use of materials.     

我国工业危险废物产生特性研究

工业生产是危险废物的主要来源,工业危险废物是世界各国固体废物管理的重要方面.以我国历年环境统计数据为基础,全面分析了我国工业危险废物产生现状和特点.研究了工业危险废物产生量、利用量和处置量、工业危险废物区域和行业分布特点、工业危险废物与工业固体废物的关系、工业危险废物产生量与工业产值的关系及工业危险废物产生的变化趋势等.提出今后我国既要重视对传统的石油化工、化学工业和冶金工业等行业产生的危险废物管理,又要重视对高新技术产业和西部资源省份产生工业危险废物的管理.     

Hedonic analysis of hazardous waste sites in the presence of other urban disamenities

Hedonic research indicates that residential property values are reduced by increased proximity to hazardous waste sites, a measure of diminished environmental quality. Standard hedonic procedures measure proximity by the linear distance between a property and a waste site of interest. A sample of properties is then used to estimate a distance-to-site coefficient that measures the effect of the hazardous waste site on surrounding property values. These estimates can help policy makers assess the external effects of hazardous waste sites and may also be useful in both prioritizing and assessing the benefits of cleanup. In an urban situation, hazardous waste sites are often located near other industrial disamenities such as railroads, storage tanks, industrial noises, and air pollution. This spatial grouping of hazards may be due to economic forces or due to policy instruments such as zoning. As a result, distance to hazardous waste site may be correlated with distances to other industrial disamenities. Standard hedonic procedures that use a distance-to-site variable may suffer from omitted variable bias when the bundled industrial disamenities are present but ignored. Our empirical analysis examines this bias by assessing hedonic regressions with and without a measure that accounts for industrial activity.     

大掺量工业废渣普通硅酸盐水泥

利用工业 废渣煤 矸石、液态 渣、磷渣 、锰渣、磷 石膏生产 ４２５ Ｒ 型普 通硅 酸盐 水泥。 水泥 中工业废 渣的掺 量 达 ３５ ％ 以 上， 其 ３ ｄ 平 均 抗 压 强 度 达 到 了 ２ ６５ Ｍ Ｐａ ，２８ｄ 平 均 抗 压 强 度 达 到 了５２４ Ｍ Ｐａ 。该项技 术值得推 广借鉴     

工业废气在循环流化床锅炉中的掺烧应用

介绍了东方化工厂两台循环流化床锅炉掺烧工业废气改造的背景及原则,叙述了火炬气回收及供气系统、燃气燃烧器、PLC控制三个主要系统的布置、选择、设计等情况,论述了锅炉掺烧火炬气后的安全、掺烧比例的确定、掺烧位置的选择等三个需要重点关注的问题,分析了项目实施后所取得的节能效益、环保效益,是同行业回收利用工业废气,实现节能降耗的一种有效方式,具有很好的参考价值和推广意义。     

环境污染治理对区域工业经济发展速率的影响研究

环境污染治理对区域工业经济发展速率的影响,一直是该领域研究人员的讨论热点,对该方面进行研究,有利于社会经济的整体提升和生态环境的高效治理。分析了环境污染对区域工业经济发展产生的影响,将其划分为对人体健康的影响和对人们生活的影响,并在经济生产力大幅度下降,人类安全的影响,区域工业经济发展速率影响三个方面分别进行研究,依据研究结果分析环境污染治理对工业经济发展速率的影响,对工业废气治理与人均GDP关系、工业废水治理与人均GDP关系、工业固体废物治理与人均GDP关系的相关研究.     

Technological options for waste minimisation in the mining industry

Just as the application of technology in mining processes can cause pollution, it can also be harnessed to minimise, and sometimes eliminate, mine-related contaminants. Waste minimisation can be achieved through decreased waste production, waste collection, waste recycling, and the neutralisation of pollutants into detoxified forms. This article reviews examples of how technology can be used to minimise air, water, land and noise pollution in the mining industry.     

我国工业固体废弃物污染控制初探

本文着重论述了我国工业固体废弃物总量定观控制与对策研究,并应用开发的软件对我国工业固体废弃物的产生、治理、综合利用与排放进行了现状模拟、趋势预测,提出了控制对策,分析了综合利用的投资和效益。研究结果表明,９０年代我国工业固体废弃物产生量将以２．６％的速度增长,到２０００年其产生量将达７５亿ｔ,综合利用率提高到３７％,污染控制投资需１２５亿元。      

Utilisation of phosphorus nutrient content in industrial scale plasmid DNA production: a waste minimisation study

Human gene therapy is currently seeing an increase in the use of plasmid (pDNA)-based vectors as a preferred choice of vehicle for delivery of the therapeutic gene into the body. In this regard, the environmental impacts of the waste streams from the possible industrial scale manufacture of pDNA require more detailed assessment. In this study, an initial assessment was made of the nutrient phosphorus (P) inputs to four fermentation processes recommended for the industrial scale production of pDNA for the purposes of gene therapy. Phosphorus inputs to each of the four selected fermentation processes ranged from approximately 60 mg l^?1 up to 3000 mg l^?1 in the fresh media. However, the spent media waste from each of the processes exhibited only a minor reduction in the phosphorus concentrations indicating minimal uptake of P by the microorganisms. This unutilised excess level of phosphorus nutrient within the waste streams poses a strong potential for environmental impact. Waste minimisation studies were undertaken on one model fermentation process with the aim of reducing unnecessary phosphorus input. An optimised media containing a 98% reduction in added P to the media was developed. This phosphorus-minimised media had little quantitative effect upon cell biomass produced and no effect upon the quantity or quality of pDNA produced, relative to the control media. The reduction in P requirement results in an overall cost savings of 12% per fermentation batch, would simplify subsequent wastewater treatment and would contribute to slowing the depletion rate of a valuable, finite natural resource.     

A methodology for the life cycle and sustainability analysis of manufacturing processes

Life cycle assessment is emerging as a powerful tool in the evaluation of the environmental impact of manufacturing processes. This paper describes a general methodology for the life cycle analysis of manufacturing processes taking into account the flexibility and decision-making potential of knowledge base systems. Emphasis is placed on on-site waste minimisation and associated sustainability characteristics in relation to environmental impact assessment and process improvement. The ensuing software model is applied with some success to an initial study of pulp and paper manufacture.