成都市中低产田的改造利用途径

根据成都市第二次土壤普查,全市共有中低产田540万亩(低产田209万亩),占耕地的70%,粮食产量比高产田低75～100kg/亩.如能将成都市中低产田的亩产量提高到高产田的水平,全市人均可增加粮食50～75kg。成都市中低产田的类型可划分为:①平原积水型.面积238.6万亩,占中低产田的44%,各区、县均有分布.该类型的主要障碍因素是土壤排水不良,积水时间长,导致土粒分散、水气矛盾突出,水稻易坐蔸、小麦易烂根死苗.②丘陵雨养型.面积     

成都春季大气臭氧污染过程VOCs特征分析

2020年4月28日～5月6日成都出现了一次近5年来春末夏初时段污染时间最长,污染程度最重的臭氧污染过程.为了解该污染过程中VOCs对成都臭氧的贡献,通过采用数理统计、臭氧生成潜势(OFP)等方法,对成都市城区VOCs进行分析.结果表明,成都市城区污染前与污染后VOCs体积分数均低于污染中VOCs体积分数. VOCs日变化呈双峰性,分别出现在早高峰时段及凌晨.污染前、污染中、污染后臭氧生成潜势(OFP)浓度值分别为110.5、199.0、93.3μg/m³.间/对二甲苯、乙烯、甲苯和邻二甲苯为绝对优势物种.通过分析整个污染过程VOCs特征,为成都春季臭氧污染防治提供技术支撑.     

基于改进生态足迹模型的成都市可持续发展状况分析

在介绍生态足迹的概念和计算方法及目前的研究成果的基础上,分析生态足迹模型存在的缺陷和不足,提出了生态足迹改进模型,对成都市2003年至2007年的生态足迹进行了计算,并对成都市的可持续发展状况进行分析.结果表明:成都市人均生态足迹从2003年的1.1221hm2增长到2007年的1.1914hm2,人均生态承载力从2003年的0.2902hm2减少到2007年的0.2580hm2.根据在改进模型下的指标计算结果,近5年来成都市经济有了一定发展,但仍处于相对落后的阶段,而且生态压力大,生态与经济的协调性差,生态建设和经济发展的任务还很艰巨.     

四川省海螺沟区域臭氧本底特征分析

利用海螺沟国家大气背景站2013～2017年的地面O_3连续观测资料统计,期间海螺沟背景区域(O_3-1h)平均浓度为71μg/m~3,(O_3-8h)平均浓度为80μg/m~3,成都市(O_3-8h)平均浓度为165μg/m~3,成都市高出背景区域106%;通过分析和比较背景区域和城市臭氧浓度的变化特征,采用局部近似回归法对海螺沟臭氧背景值进行筛分分析,得出2015～2017年海螺沟区域臭氧春季本底为83±5μg/m~3,夏季本底值为72.5±5.5μg/m~3,冬季本底值为69±5μg/m~3,秋季本底值为60±3μg/m~3。     

《资源开发与市场》国内征订启事

<正>经本公司研究决定,《资源开发与市场》杂志现在开始2016年的征订工作。具体办法如下:1.读者可以在当地邮局、发行合作单位或直接联系我公司订阅。2.本杂志为月刊,每月20日出版,单册定价15.00元,全年定价180.00元。3.邮局汇款:四川省成都市武侯区一环路南二段24号四川资源开发与市场杂志有限公司。务请在汇款单上写清姓名、     

成都市雾霾期间气象要素与环境空气质量状况的对比分析

成都市2013年1月8日～ 20日期间出现了大范围的连续雾霾天气,环境空气质量持续超标.本文收集了该时间段连续5年的地面气象观测资料及环境空气质量数据,通过统计、对比等方式对其变化规律进行了初步分析,为雾霾的成因分析和大气污染控制提供参考.     

成都市铺装道路积尘碳组分特征及排放因子研究

为了研究成都市区内各级铺装道路积尘中碳组分特征,于2014年4～6月采集了成都市各类道路路面积尘,并利用DRI Model 2001A热光碳分析仪测定样品碳组分含量,AP-42模型计算碳排放因子。结果显示:成都市铺装道路积尘中OC浓度支路(64.28±30.59 mg/g)次干路(49.25±20.28 mg/g)主干路(35.32±14.95 mg/g),EC浓度支路(19.06±10.66 mg/g)次干路(17.16±7.81 mg/g)主干路(13.37±6.25 mg/g);碳排放因子支路次干路主干路;支路沥青路面积尘的碳组分浓度高于水泥路面,排放因子低于水泥路面;来源解析结果显示,成都市铺装道路碳主要来源于汽油车排放和柴油车排放。     

成都市城区大气污染特征及其假日效应研究

对成都市城区O_3、SO_2、NO_X、CO、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、苯和甲苯进行了为期一年的在线观测。结果表明:成都市超标最严重的为NO_X,年平均质量浓度为(100. 9±61. 5)μg/m3,超标天数为119 d。PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、CO和NO_X的浓度均为冬季最高; O_3春夏季高而冬季低; SO_2浓度冬季相对较高但总体水平较低。春、夏、秋季成都市大气中苯系物的主要来源为机动车,冬季则是机动车源和燃烧源的综合贡献。O_3日变化呈"单峰型"; NO、苯和甲苯都在上午出现峰值; NO_2与PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)均呈现出"双峰双谷"型日变化; CO也为双峰型日变化。各大气污染物浓度没有明显"周末效应",但"长假效应"显著。     

成都市府河流域邻苯二甲酸酯分布特征及生态风险评价

选取成都市府河城区段作为研究对象,采用固相萃取(SPE)-气相色谱质谱联用仪法(GC-MS)测定了地表水中7种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)类物质的含量,并通过风险熵值法(RQs)对这7种PAEs进行了生态风险评价。结果表明,7种钛酸酯在所有检测点位中均有检出,检出率范围为50%～100%,丰水期和枯水期7种PAEs的总质量浓度(ΣPAEs)分别为1.72～8.27μg/L和2.26～5.30μg/L,两个水期中主要污染物均为邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP),与国内外其它地表水相比,成都市府河城区段7种PAEs的含量处于中等偏低水平;生态风险评价结果表明,成都市府河城区段地表水中7种PAEs对水生生物存在较高风险。     

成都市生态足迹分析评价研究

生态足迹分析法是一种全新的生态承载力计算方法.从生态足迹分析原理出发,分析统计了成都市生物资源消费、碳吸收地、建设用地的生态足迹,得到人均生态赤字为1.183gha,属于较严重生态赤字区的结论.结果表明,该区域对自然的影响超出了其生态承载能力的范围,需要进行调整.     

Elephants,people, parks and development: the case of the Luangwa Valley,Zambia

New ideas about conserving wildlife are emerging to compete with conventional national park policies. But methods of analyzing wildlife conservation problems in Africa are inadequate for the analysis of complex issues of policy. Much of the analysis of conservation policy attempts to be apolitical on issues charged with social conflict. Analyses are too often ahistorical when history can say a great deal about the origins of present-day ecological problems. Further-more, problems are commonly analyzed within narrow discilinary frameworks which predetermine the nature of conclusions and lead to professionally biased proposals. This case study of the Luangwa Valley, Zambia, is used to demonstrate a method which attempts to remedy these weaknesses,In the first part of the article we examine the role of the Luangwa National Parks in the context of the Zambian political economy, and identify social groups which compete for the resources of the national parks. Next we trace the historical origins of present-day ecological changes. These analyses lead toward a model of the Parks and some of their relationships with the national economy. We end with a proposal for communal use of wildlife which attempts to resolve some of the contradictions inherent in current policy.     

Mercury: The good, the bad, and the export ban

We analyze the bipartisan call to ban US exports of commodity mercury. An export ban can generate positive environmental benefits by increasing the scarcity of mercury in developing economies where significant toxic releases occur. We show, however, that a direct mercury purchase and retirement policy can achieve the same foreign environmental goals without adverse impacts on domestic environmental quality. We present qualitative and quantitative evidence that highlight the potential inefficiencies of a mercury export ban as a method of achieving environmental objectives.     

Morphologie effects of channelization: the case of the Neebing-McIntyre floodway,Thunder Bay,Ontario, Canada

The Neebing-McIntyre floodway in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, has been constructed with a relatively straight and uniform trapezoidal channel, compared with the prechannelized sinuous reaches of the Neebing and the McIntyre rivers. The flow regime of the floodway also contrasts significantly with the prechannelized regime, because of the combination of discharges from these rivers into a new channel and the regulation of flows by a diversion structure. The maximum channel capacity of the floodway is about 284 m³ s^–1 (175-year regional flood), compared with about 40 m³ s^–1 and 60 m³ s^–1, respectively, for the Neebing and the McIntyre. According to regime theories, the construction of a straight and trapezoidal channel has upset the equilibrium of the stream system and therefore should lead to some accelerated erosion and sedimentation processes in the new channel immediately after construction. Erosion potential is particularly high during higher discharge events, when flow velocities are expected to be greater than the prechannelized velocities of the Neebing and the McIntyre. The overall sediment yield of the watershed is low (71t km^–2 yr^–1), compared with other documented watersheds of North America, but the rates of deposition in the floodway are relatively high, mainly due to the backwater effect of Lake Superior. Unless maintained by constant channel work, the floodway will tend to fill up with sediment, until a postconstructional equilibrium is reestablished.     

Culture,ethics, and the environment — Towards the New Synthesis

Summary This largely philosophical article argues that we need to examine the roots of our cultural worldview if we are to understand the causes of our global crises and current obstacles to desirable change. Calls for a new ethic are likely to be ineffectual in the absence of a challenge to the damaging dichotomy between fact and value that characterises our culture. However, the dominant worldview is under increasingly strong challege from organic systems thinking which has far-reaching implications, and which suggests that Western culture's dominant assumptions are not in accord with reality. If our culture, and individuals in it, are able to become more balanced, decisive desirable change could take place in society. This balance will involve the proper reintegration of ethical dimensions into thinking, based upon the recognition of the importance of the integrity of human communities and natural systems. This constitutes an emergent worldview and coherent philsophical framework to which many groups are already giving expression. It is imperative that this cultural change is understood and supported as it represents genuine hope for the future.After a teaching career in England and Canada, Stephen Sterling joined, as Assistant Director, the United Kingdom Council for Environmental Education (CEE). He was involved in writing the Education Report forThe Conservation and Development Programme for the UK, and has acted in an advisory capacity on a number of national and international documents on environmental education and environmental ethics. He has edited the CEE's journalReview of Environmental Education Developments for six years. The views expressed in this article are his own.     

Environmental compliance: The good, the bad, and the super green

Although many empirical studies have examined firms' decisions to participate in voluntary environmental programs, relatively few have examined why firms choose different levels of compliance with environmental regulations. This paper uses primary data to examine why some firms violate regulatory standards on water pollution, solid waste, toxic and hazardous waste, and hazardous air emissions, while others over-comply with them. The results suggest that different factors drive decisions to violate or over-comply with an environmental regulation. Some evidence was found to support the strategic behavior theory of environmental overcompliance, but no corroborating evidence was uncovered to support the green consumer theory.