活性污泥生物反应动力学模型研究

介绍了在进行活性污泥法过程模型化研究中,通过对国内外现有成果改进和强化,所建立的结构化生物反应动力学模型。文中提出了建模的系统化方法;采用概念模型图示和矩阵表达法简明清晰地表述了模型化的思路和全部定性定量信息;并简要地介绍了模型参数估值的试验方法及估值结果。      

污水好氧生物处理动力学研究

好氧生物处理法是应用最广的有机污水处理方法。好氧生物处理动力学在污水处理厂设计、运行管理以及科学研究中的作用日益突出。阐述了活性污泥法和生物膜法动力学的基本原理、流程和研究进程。分析了这2种好氧生物处理法在几类有机污水处理中的动力学计算方式。提出了好氧生物处理动力学今后研究方向的建议。     

活性污泥法动力学模型应用中的参数校核

对国际水协的活性污泥法动力学模型在应用中遇到的参数校核问题进行研究 ,总结了目前常用的三种方法 :专家法、灵敏度分析法和过程工程 (ProcessEngineering)法。分析了每种方法的原理、优点和不足之处 ,列举了实际应用的例子。     

呼吸计量法测定安庆市城东污水厂污泥特性参数

为了应用活性污泥1号模型模拟生活污水为主的安庆市城东污水处理厂的运行,对该厂的污泥特性参数即化学计量学系数YH、动力学参数bH和μH进行了测定,测定结果分别为0.71、0.40、2.0(10℃),并对YH测试中内源线与呼吸线直线段的差异、bH测定时温度的影响、μH测定前30～60min的大幅OUR上升现象进行了分析。     

MBR污水处理工艺中活性污泥动力学参数测定

缺乏可靠的污泥动力学设计参数是膜-生物反应器（membrane bioreactor,MBR）工艺在实际应用中遇到的主要问题之一.以某座处理城市污水的实际规模MBR工程的好氧活性污泥为对象,采用耗氧速率表征方法,测定计算得到以下动力学参数值：异养菌产率系数Y_H＝0.693、自养菌产率系数Y_A＝0.263、异养菌衰减系数K_dH＝0.108 d^-1、自养菌衰减系数K_dA＝0.089 d^-1、COD最大比去除速率v_mS＝1.94 mg·(mg·d)^-1、COD去除半饱和常数K_S＝34.6 mg·L^-1、氨氮最大比去除速率v_mN＝0.18 mg·(mg·d)^-1、氨氮去除半饱和常数K_N＝1.06 mg·L^-1.以上结果与传统活性污泥法工艺（CAS）中污泥的文献报道值相比,Y_H和K_dH较高,而v_mS和v_mN较低.MBR的高污泥浓度条件可能是导致上述差异出现的主要原因.     

活性污泥法处理系统中温度对动力学常数的影响

以含工业废水的城市污水为底物,测定了不同温度条件下活性污泥法污水处理系统的动力学常数,提出了用两个温度系数来表示温度对k值影响的观点.定量地研究了温度对动力学常数的影响,温度和污泥龄对出水质量和处理效率的影响,为我国寒冷地区城市污水处理厂的设计和运行提供了理论依据.     

遗传梯度法在水质数学模型参数估值的应用

介绍一种混合遗传算法－－遗传梯度法，并将其应用于水质数学模型参数估值，较一般优化算法能稳定得到的全局最优解。     

基于呼吸计量法的异养菌动力学参数优化估计

利用双水解模型对活性污泥数学模型(ASM)进行改进,并通过呼吸计量试验和非线性最优化算法建立了异养菌动力学参数的优化估计方案.该方案在上海2个污水处理厂的测定结果表明,经优化求解后,ASM改进模型能够准确模拟批式试验的耗氧速率曲线.26℃下,曲阳厂和白龙港厂活性污泥的异养菌衰减系数分别为0.58,0.55d-1,异养菌最大比增长速率常数(均约为4d-1)和半饱和常数(2.00,2.36mg/L)较为接近.白龙港厂进水中慢速可生物降解有机物的水解速率明显高于曲阳厂,这是由于长距离管道输送显著降低水解组分的粒径所致.     

ASM中水质特性参数测定方法的研究进展

近三十年来有关活性污泥生物学、反应动力学等基础理论方面的研究得到了迅速的发展。但用于模拟污水处理厂处理的模型的研究却发展相对较慢,本文综述了活性污泥数学模型的相应理论及发展历程。主要介绍了广泛应用的ASM模型,并详细介绍了模型中的水质特性参数(Ss、S1、Xs、x1)的各种测定方法。     

厌氧颗粒污泥流化床的动力学参数测定

介绍了厌氧颗粒污泥流化床反应器的主要动力学参数及其测定方法。通过分批试验测定厌氧动力学系数,以基质代谢平衡方程计算得到颗粒污泥双膜模型中的产甲烷层厚度,进行了颗粒污泥粒径、干密度等的测定和扩散系数的确定。以这些参数为基础的动力学模型计算结果与反应器长期连续运行测定结果相一致,证明了所测参数及其模型的可靠性。      

Intercross real-time control strategy in alternating activated sludge process for short-cut biological nitrogen removal treating domestic wastewater

To develop technically feasible and economically favorable dynamic process control(DPC)strategies for an alternating activated sludge(AAS)system,a bench-scale continuous-flow alternating aerobic and anoxic reactor,performing short-cut nitrogen removal from real domestic wastewater was operated under different control strategies for more than five months.A fixed-time control(FTC) study showed that bending-points on pH and oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)profiles accurately coincided with the major biolo...     

活性污泥糖类物质含量与其除磷能力的关系

分别以葡萄糖和醋酸为主要进水有机物，通过２只序批式反应器的连续运行，探索了污水生物除磷工艺中活性污泥糖类物质含量的变化与其摄磷能力的关系，发现将活性污泥糖类物质含量控制在较低水平是实现高效生物除磷的一个重要条件．     

Automatic control strategy for step feed anoxic/aerobic biological nitrogen removal process

Control of sludge age and mixed liquid suspended solids concentration in the activated sludge process is critical for ensuring effective wastewater treatment. A nonlinear dynamic model for a step-feed activated sludge process was developed in this study. The system is based on the control of the sludge age and mixed liquor suspended solids in the aerator of last stage by adjusting the sludge recycle and wastage flow rates respectively. The simulation results showed that the sludge age remained nearly constant at a value of 16 d in the variation of the influent characteristics. The mixed liquor suspended solids in the aerator of last stage were also maintained to a desired value of 2500 g/m^3 by adjusting wastage flow rates.     

废水活性污泥处理过程去除TMV效果研究

对间歇及连续运行废水活性污泥处理过程去除人为污染高浓度烟草花叶病毒(tobaccomosaicvirus,TMV)的效率及其影响因素进行了研究.结果显示活性污泥去除TMV的效果受工艺参数的影响,其中污泥浓度直接影响所加入TMV的去除效率.同时,曝气强度也影响病毒的去除效率.在2个具不同运行工艺参数的活性污泥系统中连续加入枯斑数达(2 5～6 7)×104·L-1的TMV,连续运行一周其去除率仍均大于98%.当污泥BOD负荷率在0 534～0 899kg·(kg·d)-1,水力停留时间在4 8～10 2h,平均MLVSS在1780～3250mg·L-1范围内,TMV的去除效率同这些参数关系不大,说明活性污泥系统可有效地去除植物病毒而不过分地依赖于工艺条件,这为活性污泥法去除植物病毒的稳定性提供了保证.然而病毒的去除不等于灭活,很大程度上病毒仅是从液相转移到了固相,污泥中的病毒浓度往往比游离高出许多倍.因此在污泥农用、处置时要充分考虑到污泥的病毒学安全性问题.同时,在评价废水处理的有效性时也要考虑到这种现象.     

Identical full-scale biogas-lift reactors (BLRs) with anaerobic granular sludge and residual activated sludge for brewery wastewater treatment and kinetic modeling

Two identical full-scale biogas-lift reactors treating brewery wastewater were inoculated with different types of sludge to compare their operational conditions, sludge characteristics, and kinetic models at a mesophilic temperature. One reactor （R1） started up with anaerobic granular sludge in 12 weeks and obtained a continuously average organic loading rate （OLR） of 7.4 kg chemical oxygen demand （COD）/（m3.day）, COD removal efficiency of 80%, and effluent COD of 450 mg/L. The other reactor （R2） started up with residual activated sludge in 30 weeks and granulation accomplished when the reactor reached an average OLR of 8.3 kg COD/（m^3·day）, COD removal efficiency of 90%, and effluent COD of 240 mg/L. Differences in sludge characteristics,biogas compositions, and biogas- lift processes may be accounted for the superior efficiency of the treatment performance of R2 over R1. Grau second-order and modified StoverKincannon models based on influent and effluent concentrations as well as hydraulic retention time were successfully used to develop kinetic parameters of the experimental data with high correlation coefficients （R2 〉 0.95）, which further showed that R2 had higher treatment performance than R1. These results demonstrated that residual activated sludge could be used effectively instead of anaerobic granular sludge despite the need for a longer time.     

活性污泥2号模型用于城市污水处理厂脱氮除磷改造的研究

利用自行开发的活性污泥 2号模型ASMNO .2计算机模拟程序对重庆市某污水厂三种脱氮除磷改造方案 (A O ,A2 O ,倒置A2 O)进行了模拟研究 ,寻求了每一种方案的最佳运行控制参数 .结果表明 :(1)将现有曝气池前端 1 4控制为缺氧而形成A O工艺 ,缺氧区溶解氧浓度为 0 .10mg L ,混合液内回流比为 10 0 % ,可以使TN去除率达到 5 8.6 % ,提高 2 4个百分点 ,TP基本不受影响 ;(2 )将现有曝气池前端 12 %控制为厌氧区 ,2 4 %控制为缺氧区 ,缺氧区溶解氧浓度为 0 .10mg L ,混合液内回流比为 10 0 % ,可以使TN去除率达到 6 2 .1% ,提高约 2 8个百分点 ,TP去除率达到 78.3% ,提高 37个百分点 ;(3)倒置A2 O工艺与常规A2 O工艺的出水水质基本相当 ,但倒置A2 O工艺在工程实践中更易于实现 ;(4)三种工艺出水COD和氨氮均能达到国家规定的一级排放标准 .     

Experimental study on pressurized activated sludge process for high concentration pesticide wastewater

Pressurized biochemical process derived from traditional activated sludge processes is an innovative technology for wastewater treatment. The main advantage of the pressurized process is that the oxygen transfer barrier can be overcome by increasing the dissolved oxygen level. In this study, high concentration pesticide wastewater was treated by pressurized activated sludge process. It was found that the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) increased steadily with the increase of operating pressure, aeration time, and sludge concentration. When the operation pressure was 0.30 MPa and the aeration time was 6 hr, 85.0%–92.5% COD, corresponding to an effluent COD of 230–370 mg/L, was removed from an influent COD of 2500–5000 mg/L. The obtained outlet COD concentration was lower than 350–450 mg/L for the identical process operated under the atmospheric pressure. In addition, pressurized biochemical process could produce a higher COD volumetric loading rate at 5.8–7.6 kg COD/(m3·day), compared with 2.0–2.8 kg COD/(m3·day) using the same equipment at the atmospheric pressure. The COD concentration followed a modified Monod model with Vmax 2.31 day-1 and KS 487 mg/L.     

污泥减容的关键技术—剩余活性污泥的气浮浓缩法

研究了溶气气浮法用于浓缩城市污水处理厂剩余活性污泥的工艺设计参数,并将它与传统的重力浓缩法相比较。通过小试及中试研究结果表明,在相同的进泥条件下（进泥浓度为2～4g/L）,采用气浮浓缩法获得的污泥含固率为3.5％～3.9％,而重力浓缩法仅为1.2％～2.5％;并且气浮浓缩法的水力负荷、固体负荷高达150～200m3/m2·d、350～450kg/m2·d,而重力浓缩法仅为10～15m3/m2·d、20～50ks/m2·d。研究结果还表明：剩余活性污泥的气浮浓缩法相比于重力浓缩法具有浓缩效果好、运行效率高等优点,另外对两种方法的经济技术分析也表明,气浮浓缩法更具有优越性。