共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Regional Environmental Change - The development of climate change policy in cities has been closely tied to the efforts of particular individuals, policy entrepreneurs. However, there is still much... 相似文献
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Ian M. Picketts Jean Andrey Lindsay Matthews Stephen J. Déry Susan Tighe 《Regional Environmental Change》2016,16(4):1109-1120
Transport infrastructure is particularly vulnerable to climate impacts as it is designed for long operational lives, and both episodic and seasonal conditions contribute to deterioration, disruption and unsafe incidents. There are some examples of adaptation in transportation design, but many communities do not have the capacity to incorporate climate change considerations into infrastructure planning and management. Researchers worked closely with the City of Prince George, in Central British Columbia, Canada, to build on existing work and explore how the City could plan, design, and maintain roads and other structures to account for climate change. A local steering committee was formed, and created and evaluated 23 potential research topics. Two focus areas were selected for further investigation and explored during a workshop with practitioners, researchers, consultants and other representatives. The workshop precipitated an investigation of projected impacts of climate change on road maintenance and road safety, and plans to explore alternative paving techniques. Outcomes of the case study provide insights regarding climate change and local transportation infrastructure, including: how researchers can engage with local experts to explore adaptation; issues local governments perceive as important; and barriers communities face as they attempt to address vulnerabilities. 相似文献
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Regional Environmental Change - Global cities are taking a leadership role in climate change adaptation. Increasing numbers of cities are creating climate adaptation plans and strategies, and a... 相似文献
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Managing Mediterranean soil resources under global change: expected trends and mitigation strategies
Lagacherie Philippe Álvaro-Fuentes Jorge Annabi Mohamed Bernoux Martial Bouarfa Sami Douaoui Abdelkader Grünberger Olivier Hammani Ali Montanarella Luca Mrabet Rachid Sabir Mohammed Raclot Damien 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(3):663-675
Regional Environmental Change - The soils of the Mediterranean Basin are the products of soil processes that have been governed by a unique convergence of highly differentiated natural and... 相似文献
6.
Domenico Ventrella Monia Charfeddine Marco Moriondo Michele Rinaldi Marco Bindi 《Regional Environmental Change》2012,12(3):407-419
Agricultural crops are affected by climate change due to the relationship between crop development, growth, yield, CO2 atmospheric concentration and climate conditions. In particular, the further reduction in existing limited water resources combined with an increase in temperature may result in higher impacts on agricultural crops in the Mediterranean area than in other regions. In this study, the cropping system models CERES-Wheat and CROPGRO-Tomato of the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) were used to analyse the response of winter durum wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) crops to climate change, irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer managements in one of most productive areas of Italy (i.e. Capitanata, Puglia). For this analysis, three climatic datasets were used: (1) a single dataset (50?km?×?50?km) provided by the JRC European centre for the period 1975–2005; two datasets from HadCM3 for the IPCC A2 GHG scenario for time slices with +2°C (centred over 2030–2060) and +5°C (centred over 2070–2099), respectively. All three datasets were used to generate synthetic climate series using a weather simulator (model LARS-WG). Adaptation strategies, such as irrigation and N fertilizer managements, have been investigated to either avoid or at least reduce the negative impacts induced by climate change impacts for both crops. Warmer temperatures were primarily shown to accelerate wheat and tomato phenology, thereby resulting in decreased total dry matter accumulation for both tomato and wheat under the +5°C future climate scenario. Under the +2°C scenario, dry matter accumulation and resulting yield were also reduced for tomato, whereas no negative yield effects were observed for winter durum wheat. In general, limiting the global mean temperature change of 2°C, the application of adaptation strategies (irrigation and nitrogen fertilization) showed a positive effect in minimizing the negative impacts of climate change on productivity of tomato cultivated in southern Italy. 相似文献
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Adaptive urban governance: new challenges for the second generation of urban adaptation strategies to climate change 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jörn Birkmann Matthias Garschagen Frauke Kraas Nguyen Quang 《Sustainability Science》2010,5(2):185-206
The task of adapting cities to the impacts of climate change is of great importance—urban areas are hotspots of high risk given their concentrations of population and infrastructure; their key roles for larger economic, political and social processes; and their inherent instabilities and vulnerabilities. Yet, the discourse on urban climate change adaptation has only recently gained momentum in the political and scientific arena. This paper reviews the recent climate change adaptation strategies of nine selected cities and analyzes them in terms of overall vision and goals, baseline information used, direct and indirect impacts, proposed structural and non-structural measures, and involvement of formal and informal actors. Against this background, adaptation strategies and challenges in two Vietnamese cities are analyzed in detail, namely Ho Chi Minh City and Can Tho. The paper thereby combines a review of formalized city-scale adaptation strategies with an empirical analysis of actual adaptation measures and constraints at household level. By means of this interlinked and comparative analysis approach, the paper explores the achievements, as well as the shortcomings, in current adaptation approaches, and generates core issues and key questions for future initiatives in the four sub-categories of: (1) knowledge, perspectives, uncertainties and key threats; (2) characteristics of concrete adaptation measures and processes; (3) interactions and conflicts between different strategies and measures; (4) limits of adaptation and tipping points. In conclusion, the paper calls for new forms of adaptive urban governance that go beyond the conventional notions of urban (adaptation) planning. The proposed concept underlines the need for a paradigm shift to move from the dominant focus on the adjustment of physical structures towards the improvement of planning tools and governance processes and structures themselves. It addresses in particular the necessity to link different temporal and spatial scales in adaptation strategies, to acknowledge and to mediate between different types of knowledge (expert and local knowledge), and to achieve improved integration of different types of measures, tools and norm systems (in particular between formal and informal approaches). 相似文献
8.
Ghazali Samane Azadi Hossein Janečková Kristina Sklenička Petr Kurban Alishir Cakir Sedef 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(11):16744-16768
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Indigenous knowledge about climate change that makes adaptability necessary by coping strategies leads to the sustainability of nomadic livelihoods.... 相似文献
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In this paper, we investigate how mountain communities perceive and adapt to climatic and environmental change. Primary data were collected at community and household level through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and quantitative questionnaires covering 210 households in six villages of the West Karakoram (Hundur and Darkut in the Yasin Valley; Hussainabad, Altit, Gulmit, and Shiskat in the Hunza valley of Gilgit-Baltistan). The relevance of the area with respect to our scopes is manifold. First, this is one of the most extreme and remote mountainous areas of the world, characterized by complex and fragile institutional and social fabrics. Second, this region is one of the focal points of research for the hydro-meteo-climatological scientific community, because of its relevance in terms of storage and variability of water resources for the whole Indus basin, and for the presence of conflicting signals of climate change with respect to the neighboring regions. Third, the extreme hardships due to a changing environment, as well as to the volatility of the social and economic conditions are putting great stress on the local population. As isolating climate change as a single driver is often not possible, community perceptions of change are analyzed in the livelihood context and confronted with multi-drivers scenarios affecting the lives of mountain people. We compare the collected perceptions with the available hydro-climatological data, trying to answer some key questions such as: how are communities perceiving, coping with, and adapting to climatic and environmental change? Which are the most resorted adaptation strategies? How is their perception of change influencing the decision to undertake certain adaptive measures? 相似文献
10.
Shahid Muhammad Rizwan Wakeel Abdul Ishaque Wajid Ali Samia Soomro Kamran Baksh Awais Muhammad 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(8):11310-11334
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Crop production is highly sensitive to climate. It is affected by long-term trends in average rainfall and temperature, inter-annual climate... 相似文献
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In climate change adaptation, contract farming can facilitate the adoption of coping and adaptation strategies, but such dynamics are less understood in the literature. This study uses primary data collected from a cross section of crop farmers in northern Ghana and a simultaneous equation systems approach to examine the links between contract farming and adoption of climate change coping and adaptation strategies. The major coping and adaptation strategies used by farmers include spraying of farms with chemicals, row planting, mixed farming, mixed cropping and crop rotation. Econometric results confirm that contract farming enhances the adoption of climate change adaptation strategies, but there is also a feedback effect on contract farming, such that farmers adopting more adaptation strategies have higher probabilities to get contract offer. This makes contract farming a viable policy instrument to consider in climate change adaptation. Furthermore, land ownership and extension services exert significant positive influence on adoption. As much as possible, coping and adaptation strategies should effectively be communicated to crop farmers. Policy-wise, development actors and successive governments in Ghana should encourage and facilitate contract or group farming, as was in the case of the National Block Farming, led by Ghana’s Ministry of Food and Agriculture. 相似文献
13.
Nouhoun Zampaligré Luc Hippolyte Dossa Eva Schlecht 《Regional Environmental Change》2014,14(2):769-783
Due to the dependence of its economy on rainfed agriculture and livestock husbandry, Burkina Faso, like other Sahelian countries, is particularly vulnerable to climate change. Adaptation is needed to counteract anticipated drawbacks of climate change on crop and livestock productivity; therefore, we examined climate change perceptions of pastoralists and agro-pastoralists and analysed their adaptation strategies. To this end, focus group discussions were held in six villages distributed across three agro-ecological zones. In three of these sites, 162 farmers were also individually interviewed. Perceptions of farmers were compared to actual trends of different climatic parameters extracted from official long-term meteorological records (1988–2008). Results showed that farmers in Burkina Faso were partly aware of climate change, particularly of changes in temperature and rainfall patterns, but their perception did not match well with the recorded annual rainfall data in the southern Sahelian and Sudanian zones. The most important adaptation strategies mentioned by agro-pastoralists were crop diversification, combination of cropping and livestock operations, use of water harvesting technologies and anti-erosive measures such as half-moons or stone dikes. Strategies of pastoralists included seasonal, annual and permanent migration and taking up of cereal cropping. Logistic regression analysis indicated that agro-ecological zone, cultivated surface, ruminant herd size, household size and education were the most important variables affecting farmers’ choice of adaptation strategies. These factors should be taken into account in the development and implementation of any programme of adaptation to climate change in Burkina Faso. 相似文献
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In this paper, we assess climate change impacts on an intensively managed grassland system at the Swiss Plateau using the
process-based grassland model PROGRASS. Taking the CO2 fertilization into account, we find increasing yield levels (in the range of 10–24%) and sharp increases in production risks
for an illustrative climate change scenario that suggests a marked increase in temperature and decrease in summer rainfall.
Climate change–induced increases in the coefficients of variation of grassland yields are in the range of 21 and 50%. This
finding underpins that additional risk management strategies are needed to cope with climate-change impacts on grassland production.
The outputs from the grassland model are evaluated economically using certainty equivalents, i.e., accounting for mean quasi
rents and production risks. To identify potential risk management strategies under current and future climatic conditions,
we consider adjustments of production intensity and farm-level yield insurance. The impact of climate change on production
intensities is found to be ambiguous: farmers’ will increase intensity under unconstrained production conditions, but will
decrease production intensity in the presence of a cross-compliance scheme. Our results also show that the considered insurance
scheme is a powerful tool to manage climate risks in grassland production under current and future conditions because it can
reduce the coefficients of variation of quasi rents by up to 50%. However, we find that direct payments tend to reduce farmers’
incentives to use such insurance scheme. 相似文献
15.
Rainfall variability and household coping strategies in northern Tanzania: a motivation for district-level strategies 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Climate variability is an important stress factor for rural livelihoods in most developing countries where households have been adapting to environmental shocks for decades. Climate change results in increased variability and poses new challenges for rural livelihoods, as well as for policymakers in adjusting policies to changing conditions. This paper examines the potential relationships between rainfall data and household self-reported harvest shocks and local (spatial) variability of harvest shocks and coping strategies based on a survey of 2,700 rural households in the Kagera region of northern Tanzania. The results show that rainfall patterns in the region are very location-specific and that the distribution of household reported harvest shocks differs significantly between districts and correspond to the observed variability in local climate patterns. Coping strategies are focused on spreading risks and include reduced consumption, casual employment, new crops, external support and the selling of assets. There are no large differences in applied coping strategies across the region, but district-level data demonstrate how local strategies differ between localities within the districts. The results emphasize that in order to target rural policies and make them efficient, it is important to take into account the local conditions that rural households face when experiencing climate-related shocks. Finally, shocks reported by households appear to correspond well with observed variability in rainfall patterns. 相似文献
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The transformations in Slovak agriculture from the 1950s to the present day, considering both the generic (National and EU) and site-specific (local) drivers of landscape change, were analysed in five mountain study areas in the country. An interdisciplinary approach included analysis of population trends, evaluation of land use and landscape change combined with exploration of the perceptions of local stakeholders and results of previous biodiversity studies. The generic processes active from the 1950s to 1970s were critical for all study areas with impacts lasting right up until the present day. Agricultural collectivisation, agricultural intensification and land abandonment had negative effects in all study areas. However, the precise impacts on the landscape were different in the different study areas due to site-specific attributes (e.g. population trends, geographic localisation and local attitudes and opportunities), and these played a decisive role in determining the trajectory of change. Regional contrasts in rural development between these territories have increased in the last two decades, also due to the imperfect preconditions of governmental support. The recent Common Agricultural Policy developments are focused on maintenance of intensive large-scale farming rather than direct enhancement of agro-biodiversity and rural development at the local scale. In this context, local, site-specific attributes can and must form an essential part of rural development plans, to meet the demands for management of the diversity of agricultural mountain landscapes and facilitate the multifunctional role of agriculture. 相似文献
17.
Rupert Seidl Mart-Jan Schelhaas Marcus Lindner Manfred J. Lexer 《Regional Environmental Change》2009,9(2):101-119
To study potential consequences of climate-induced changes in the biotic disturbance regime at regional to national scale
we integrated a model of Ips typographus (L. Scol. Col.) damages into the large-scale forest scenario model EFISCEN. A two-stage multivariate statistical meta-model
was used to upscale stand level damages by bark beetles as simulated in the hybrid forest patch model PICUS v1.41. Comparing
EFISCEN simulations including the new bark beetle disturbance module against a 15-year damage time series for Austria showed
good agreement at province level (R2 between 0.496 and 0.802). A scenario analysis of climate change impacts on bark beetle-induced damages in Austria’s Norway
spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] forests resulted in a strong increase in damages (from 1.33 Mm3 a−1, period 1990–2004, to 4.46 Mm3 a−1, period 2095–2099). Studying two adaptive management strategies (species change) revealed a considerable time-lag between
the start of adaptation measures and a decrease in simulated damages by bark beetles. 相似文献
18.
Ing-Marie Gren Lisa Svensson Magnus Carlsson Kevin Bishop 《Regional Environmental Change》2010,10(4):339-348
Landscapes consisting of several elements, such as wetlands and forests, are multifunctional in nature and produce both market
and non-market goods. The need for policies arises from the existence of non-market ecosystem services that are not traded
and thereby generally not subject to economic trade-offs in landowner decision making. An efficient incentive scheme for producing
both types of goods would require policy designed for each non-market good. However, this may result in high transaction costs,
possibly giving second-best solutions a comparative advantage when only one non-market good is regulated. This paper demonstrates
that in the Hovran catchment area in mid Sweden, which produces the non-market goods water quality, biodiversity, and scenic
beauty, compensation payments for biodiversity production alone provide almost maximum total net value of all market and non-market
goods. On the other hand, payments for providing scenic beauty in the form of open landscape may result in lower total net
value than no compensation payment at all, due to a negative impact on water quality. 相似文献
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Gerold Gerhard Couto Eduardo Guimarães Madari Beata Emoke Jungkunst Hermann F. Amorim Ricardo Silva Santos Hohnwald Stefan Klingler Michael de Almeida Machado Pedro Luiz Oliveira Schönenberg Regine Nendel Claas 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(1):1-9
Regional Environmental Change - 相似文献
20.
朱锡平 《中国人口.资源与环境》2008,18(1):215-220
为了在能源问题日益突出的情况下探索我国社会节能的有效途径,本文采用实证和规范相结合的研究分析方法。研究发现,在我国社会节能过程中离不开金融与政策的支持,这不仅因为现行的财经制度和政策及其运行机制在很大程度上是传统经济的产物,对与现代经济社会发展相适应的社会节能过程的财经及其政策的研究还十分薄弱,还在于现行财经政策对推进我国社会节能的潜力还远没有释放。因此,一方面要运用金融政策工具,促进市场经济体制的建立和市场机制的形成,加强有利社会节能的信贷制度、金融法规的建设,促进其导向和规范功能;另一方面,要持续推进能源价格的市场化和政府调控价格的管理科学化,充分运用税收杠杆调控能源价格,逐步建立起适应中国国情的有效利用能源、保护环境的税收和收费政策体系。 相似文献