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Effects of Land Use Changes on the Ecosystem Service Values of a Reclamation Farm in Northeast China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Fanghua Hao Xuehui Lai Wei Ouyang Yiming Xu Xinfeng Wei Kaiyu Song 《Environmental management》2012,50(5):888-899
Intensive agricultural development can change land use, which can further affect regional ecosystem services and functions. With the rapid growth of the population and the national demand for food, the northeast of China, which is located in the high latitudes, has experienced four agricultural developments since the 1950s. The original wetlands of this area were developed for farmland. The evaluation of ecosystem services is conducted to reveal the ecosystem status and variable trends caused by land reclamation. The aim of this study is to provide scientific basis for environmental management and for the sustainable development of agriculture in Northeast China. With GIS-RS technology, a typical farm was chosen to analyze variations in the ecosystem service value in response to land use changes during the study period. The total ecosystem service value of the farm decreased from 7523.10 million Yuan in 1979 to 4023.59 million Yuan in 2009 with an annual rate of ?1.6?% due to the decreasing areas of woodland and wetland. The increased areas of cropland, water area and grassland partly offset the loss of the total value, but the loss was still greater than the compensation. Waste treatment and climate regulation were the top two service functions with high service values, contributing to approximately 50?% of the total service value. The spatial difference of the ecosystem service value also was analyzed. The wetlands located in the central and northeastern sections of the farm changed significantly. From the aspect of ecosystem service value, the wetland and water area should be conserved, as they have the highest value coefficients. The accuracy of the value coefficient, however, needs to be studied further in future research. 相似文献
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阿尔泰山湿地是新疆干旱区最大的山区湿地生态系统之一,在对该湿地进行实地考察、遥感分析、实验室分析的基础上,认为该湿地具有提供水源、调蓄洪水、调节局部气候、维持生物多样性、净化水质、提供体闲旅游、文化科研教育等多种生态系统服务功益。鉴于目前对阿尔泰山湿地生态系统服务功益的片面理解和不合理利用问题,对湿地生态系统服务功益的可持续利用现状进行了分析,提出了湿地生态系统服务功益可持续利用的科学对策。 相似文献
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我国环境服务业发展现状及对策建议 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
环境服务业是环保产业的一个重要组成部分。本文阐述了我国环境服务业的发展现状及主要进展,分析了我国环境服务业发展的制约因素,提出了促进我国环境服务业发展的对策建议。 相似文献
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我国环境服务业市场的基本状况 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
一、我国环境服务业定义与分类我国把环境服务业定义为与环境相关的服务贸易活动。目前,主要分为环境技术服务、环境咨询服务、污染治理设施运营管理、废旧资源回收处置、环境贸易与金融服务、环境功能及其它环境服务六类,详见表1。二、我国环境服务业发展概况我国环境服务业的起步相当晚,大体上是在1990年前后才形成雏形。按照前述对我国环境服务业的定义与分类,2000年我国环境服务业从业单位共9890个,占环境产业从业单位总数的54%;从业人员58.1万人,约占环境产业从业人员的18%;收入总额643.4亿元,约… 相似文献
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本文通过对比2007年与2012年投入产出表中环保产业与国民经济42个产业部门间的关联程度及结构的变化,分析得出环保产业的发展现状及产业关联结构有所优化。"环保产业不环保"的现状已有一定的改善,而"环保产业不服务于环保"的现象仍有碍于环保产业投资效率的进一步提升,大部分环保投资仍在中间生产过程中被消耗,产业生产效率水平较低。因此,政府应通过扩大环保技术投资、强化环境规制等政策打好产业组合拳,促进社会资本投资在加强环保产业内部竞争方面的综合作用,从而提高环保产业自身的价值创造能力,促进环保投资效率的提高。 相似文献
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黄河流域生态系统脆弱、内部发展差异悬殊,探明黄河流域生态效率时空分异规律及其影响因素可为流域高质量发展提供重要保障。本研究基于黄河流域9省份2000—2018年经济、资源、环境相关的64个指标数据探索黄河流域生态效率,采用熵权法、全局SBM为基础的Global-Malmquist-Luenberger指数模型和变系数模型对生态效率时空变化趋势和影响动因开展实证研究。结果表明:(1)2001—2018年,黄河流域整体生态效率虽有一定提升,但沿黄9省份平均水平均低于全国水平,且两极分化严重。随时间渐近,生态效率高值区(1.0以上)在流域下游聚集,生态效率低值区(0.2~0.6)向流域中部收缩。(2)时序影响分析发现,经济发展对生态效率正向驱动效果明显,科技创新的影响由正转负,环境治理和对外开放暂未发挥积极作用。(3)空间影响分析发现,上、中、下游存在显著的影响因素异质性。基于此,针对性地提出分区实施产业协同发展、优化环境治理投资、改善对外贸易结构、从全过程挖掘污染减排潜力等政策建议,为推动黄河流域经济发展与生态保护的均衡发展提供支撑。 相似文献
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凤山岩溶国家地质公园地质遗迹类型丰富、特征突出,地质遗迹价值珍贵,旅游开发潜力巨大。分析了凤山岩溶国家地质公园独特的资源优势,从环境解说体系、环境容量、生态旅游产品、低碳景区管理四个方面提出了保护性生态旅游开发构想。 相似文献
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Wetland Degradation: Its Driving Forces and Environmental Impacts in the Sanjiang Plain,China 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Kaishan Song Zongming Wang Jia Du Lei Liu Lihong Zeng Chunying Ren 《Environmental management》2014,54(2):255-271
This study investigated human-induced long-term wetland degradation that occurred in the Sanjiang Plain. Results from analyzing land-use/land-cover data sets derived from remotely sensed Landsat Multispectral Scanner/Thematic Mapper imagery for four time points showed that wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain have been severely transformed, and the area of wetlands decreased by 38 % from 1976 to 1986, by 16 % from 1986 to 1995, and by 31 % from 1995 to 2005. This study showed that transition to agricultural cultivation accounted for 91 % of wetland losses, whereas transition to grassland and forest accounted for 7 % of the wetlands losses. Institutional strategies and market policies probably exerted great impacts on agricultural practice that directly or indirectly influenced the decrease in wetlands. This study also indicated that an increased population likely led to wetland conversion to cropland by showing a high correlation between population and cropland (R 2 = 0.92, P < 0.001). Wetland loss occurred during later time intervals at a low rate. This study suggests that the existing wetland-protection measures in the Sanjiang Plain should be reinforced further because of possible environmental consequences of wetland loss, such as enhanced soil carbon emission, changed hydrological cycling, and regional temperature increase. 相似文献
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Associating Ecosystem Service Losses with Indicators of Toxicity in Habitat Equivalency Analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Habitat equivalency analysis (HEA) was developed as a tool to scale mitigation or restoration when habitat is contaminated by hazardous substances or has been otherwise harmed by anthropogenic activities. Applying HEA involves balancing reductions in habitat quality against gains from restoration actions, and quantifying changes in habitat quality in terms of ecological services. We propose a framework for developing ecological service definitions and measures that incorporate knowledge about the impacts of chemical contaminants on biota. We describe a general model for integrating multiple lines of evidence about the toxicity of hazardous substances to allow mapping of toxicological inputs to ecological service losses. We provide an example of how this framework might be used in a HEA that quantifies ecological services provided by estuarine sediments contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 相似文献
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排污收费制度作为环境保护重要的经济调控手段之一,越来越受到局限,实施环境税势在必行。本文对目前环保税制存在的问题及"费改税"有关情况进行初步探讨。 相似文献
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中国石油学会环境保护专业委员会秘书处 《油气田环境保护》2000,10(2):9-12
中国石油学会环境保护专业委员会2000年"石油环境科学管理及相关技术"研讨会于2000年4月19日~23日在宁波镇海炼厂召开.与会代表共60余名分别来自中国石油、中国石化以及海洋石油所属的40余个单位,会议共收到论文40余篇,由于时间所限,经筛选,提交大会交流20篇. 相似文献
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日本与我国在历史上同属传统的东亚小农经济国家,在社会、经济、文化等方面的发展历程和存在的问题具有共通性。日本的农村生态环境管理随社会经济发展不断调整适应,政府也数次推动乡村振兴。对比研究中日两国农村环境管理及其背后的社会经济因素,虽然两国在农村环境管理上有相似性,但也有较大不同,我国不能完全照搬日本的农村环境管理体制机制,必须走一条适应我国国情的特色道路,循序渐进推进农业农村污染防治。在开展农村环保工作的具体举措上,日本也有较多可借鉴之处:一是以完善的法规政策体系保障农村环境管理;二是以精准的财政补贴支撑农村环境管理;三是以科学的规划和技术标准体系服务农村环境管理;四是以规范的行业和市场服务体系推动农村环境管理;五是以亲民务实的环境宣传教育助力农村环境管理。 相似文献
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2019年是《中华人民共和国土壤污染防治法》实施的第一年,2020年我国迎来了《土壤污染防治行动计划》的大考,“十三五”期间我国土壤环境修复产业市场规模接近6900亿元,下达中央土壤污染防治专项资金259.13亿元,主要用于示范性农田和工业场地修复、全国土壤环境调查以及土壤污染防治先行区建设等,资金整体落实情况较好。土壤环境修复产业是支撑我国土壤污染防治目标指标和各项任务完成的重要支撑和物质保障,产业发展状况和水平直接决定了目标和任务的完成水平。本文基于土壤环境修复政策指南和招投标数据库,从政策、市场、队伍、项目、模式、问题、展望等方面系统分析了2019年我国土壤环境修复咨询服务业发展状况、水平与特点,提出了修复咨询服务业发展中存在的主要问题,对未来发展趋势进行了预测分析,以期为全面了解我国土壤环境修复咨询服务市场、开展土壤环境管理和社会投资提供参考。 相似文献