加氨脱SO2过程的铵盐回收研究

论述了加入ＮＨ３的热化学脱充过程,以及湿度、ＮＨ３＝ＳＯ２摩尔比、温度对铵盐回收率的影响规律,从中发现当湿度大于１７％ＲＨ、ＮＨ３／ＳＯ２摩尔比大于２时,对铵盐上率影响不大,然而气体的对铵盐回收率影响甚大,当温度高于５４℃时用电收尘器收集时铵盐回收率低于１０％;温度在３０℃左右时,铵盐回收率高达９０％以上,解决了热化学干法充的铵盐回收难点。     

从中空纤维膜回收聚砜材料的工艺研究

采用溶解—沉淀法,以未污染的中空纤维膜为原料,以四氢呋喃为溶剂,乙醇为沉淀剂,对膜中的聚砜材料进行回收,为后续对污染聚砜膜的回收提供依据,借此找到一种回收利用聚砜类废弃膜材料的可行方法.试验考察回收工艺中乙醇浓度、聚砜膜与溶剂配比(溶剂比)、聚砜膜与沉淀剂配比(沉淀剂比)对聚砜分离回收工艺的影响,通过正交试验确定最适溶解～沉淀工艺条件.结果表明,乙醇浓度和沉淀剂比对回收工艺影响显著;得到最适回收工艺条件为:80％乙醇,溶剂比1g∶25 mL,沉淀剂比1g∶250 mL.在最适回收工艺条件下得到聚砜的平均回收率为87.5％,纯度为90.6％.     

加氨脱除SO_2过程的铵盐回收研究

论述了加入NH_3的热化学脱除硫过程,以及湿度、NH_3/SO_2摩尔比、温度对铵盐回收率的影响规律。从中发现当湿度大于17％RH、NH_3/SO_2摩尔比大于2时,对铵盐回收率影响不大。然而气体的对铵盐回收率影响甚大,当温度高于54℃时用电收尘器收集时铵盐回收率低于10％;温度在30℃左右时,铵盐回收率高达90％以上。解决了热化学干法脱硫的铵盐回收难点。     

USSB厌氧反应器-好氧工艺处理生活污水

对上流式分段污泥床(Upflow Staged Sludge Bed)反应器与好氧组合工艺处理生活污水进行了试验研究。结果表明：当生活污水中COD、氨氮和总磷(rP)质量浓度分别在100～580mg／L、13．4～33．6mg／L和1．6～10．8mg／L2之间变化时。经该组合工艺处理后,三者的去除率分别在77％、53．4％和51．4％以上,出水中COD和Nng—N浓度达到GB8978—1996一级排放标准,即浓度也基本达到GB8978—1996二级排放标准,取得了良好的运行效果。     

Ag~+在含Cl~-培养基中的毒性初探

纳米银(Ag NPs)和硝酸银(AgNO_3)的毒性研究已成为环境科学的焦点问题之一。毒性测试时LB培养基中的Cl~-势必会对Ag~+的毒性产生影响。为了探究Cl~-对Ag~+的溶解态及毒性的影响,计算了常温(25℃)和试验条件(37℃)下含1%NaCl的LB培养基中Ag Cl1-xx各组分的生成量及在体系中所占比例,测定了不同NaCl质量分数的LB培养基中AgNO_3对革兰氏阳性菌(B.subtilis)和阴性菌(E.coli)的毒性。结果表明,AgNO_3在含NaCl体系中溶解态银主要为Ag Cl1-xx,而Ag~+未达到有毒的浓度,且随NaCl质量分数增加,AgNO_3的毒性不断增大。因此认为毒性试验中实际发挥毒性作用的是Ag Cl1-xx,尤其是Ag Cl~-2。     

活性污泥法脱氮工艺改进

用生物膜法对锦州石化公司A／O^2活性污泥法脱氮工艺进行改进,考察了工艺各段对总氮去除率的影响。研究结果表明：挂膜后一级好氧池内COD及NH3-N的去除率分别达到78．5％和94．3％;将二级好氧池改为缺氧池挂膜,并加人适量甲醇,可使N03-N去除率达到80％以上。     

A/DAT-IAT生物膜法处理高含盐废水

以含盐量为60 000mg/L(以NaCl计)的模拟工业废水为研究对象,利用A/DAT-IAT生物膜反应器,研究A/DAT-IAT工艺对投加悬浮填料后高含盐废水的处理,并以CODCr、NH4 -N、PO43--P等作为指标评价处理效果.试验结果表明,在总水力停留时间(HRT)为13 h、pH=7,5、25℃条件下,进水ρ(CODCr)、ρ(NH4 -N)和ρ(PO43--P)分别为907.4～1 210.0 mg/L、86.2～99.7 mg/L和3.6～5.1 mg/L.CODCr、NH4 -N和PO43--P的平均去除率分别为73.9%、38.6%和93.5%,平均出水SS为198 mg/L,其中CODCr和PO43--P的去除效果较好.研究表明,A/DAT-IAT生物膜法较其他活性污泥法有了较大的提高.     

1株中度嗜盐硝化菌的鉴定及在高盐废水中的应用

研究了1株中度嗜盐异养硝化菌gs2的脱氮特性和耐盐性能.从处理高盐度废水的成熟活性污泥中分离出1株中度嗜盐的异养硝化细菌gs2,对该菌株进行形态观察、生理生化试验以及16S rDNA序列同源性分析.结果表明,该菌株为盐单胞菌属(Halomonas),能在NaCl质量分数为0～20%的培养液中生长; 能耐受较宽范围的pH值(6～11),且最适pH值为8; 在25～35 ℃下均可生长,且30 ℃时生长最佳.采用CH3COONa和NH4Cl作为碳源和氮源对菌株gs2进行硝化特性研究,经过24 h培养后gs2对NH+4-N和COD的最终去除率分别为81%和74.24%; 在亚硝化和反硝化培养基中经过24 h后,gs2对NO-2-N和NO-3-N的最终去除率均可达到90%以上,表明该菌株可实现同步硝化和反硝化,即可以独立完成生物脱氮的全部过程.     

无机氮磷对双胞旋沟藻(Cochlodinium geminatum)生长的影响

结合2009年双胞旋沟藻赤潮现场调查无机营养盐和双胞旋沟藻细胞密度数据,在实验室条件下用批次培养的方法研究了不同浓度的无机氮、磷源对双胞旋沟藻生长的影响。固定氮源(NaNO3)浓度为160μmol/L,以NaH2PO4为磷源,氮磷比为12时,比生长速率最大为0.42 d-1;氮磷比为4～32时,细胞密度均能达到4×103～6×103cells/L;氮磷比为64和100时,对数期较短且最大细胞密度较低。固定磷源(NaH2PO4)浓度为5μmol/L,研究了3种无机氮源(NaNO3,NaNO2,NH4Cl)对双胞沟藻生长的影响。以NaNO3为氮源,氮磷比为4和8时对数期较短且最大细胞密度也较低,氮磷比为16时获得最大比生长速率(0.40 d-1)和最大细胞密度(6×103cells/L),氮磷比达到100时也未对细胞生长产生明显抑制;以NaNO2为氮源,氮磷比为64时比生长速率最大,氮磷比为20时获得最大细胞密度,氮磷比大于32时初期生长受到一定抑制;以NH4Cl为氮源,延迟期较长,氮磷比为12时比生长速率最大,氮磷比大于32时初期生长也受到抑制,氮磷比为64和100时细胞基本没有生长。综合以上结果可以发现,以NaH2PO4为磷源、NaNO3为氮源时双胞旋沟藻的生长情况取决于氮磷的浓度而不是比例。而以NaNO2和NH4Cl为氮源时,氮源浓度超过一定值后会对双胞旋沟藻生长产生抑制。     

常见有毒化学品资料卡

氰化氢（HCN）X文名称：Hy（］lx，（3yanacghHydIDg6ncyamde通用或商用名称：氢氰酸一、理化特性外观气味：无色气体或液体，有苦杏仁昧。相对密度：蒸气0．932；液态0．687620℃／4t）熔点：－13．2℃沸点：25．7℃闪点：－17．78℃（CC）自燃点：537．78T蒸气压：53．33kPa（9．ST）爆炸极限：下限：5．6％；上限：40％溶解性：与水、乙醇相混溶，微溶于乙醚。危险性：很危险Q通热、明火或氧化剂易着火。温度达到50℃－60℃时可在痕量碱的催化下引起聚合。与乙酸能发生激烈的化学反应。氰化氢与空气可形成爆炸性混合物，与水、水蒸…     

油浸变压器排油注氮装置在500kV变电站的设计与应用

在分析500kV变电站主变压器消防系统的现状,比较3类消防系统优缺点的基础上,详细论述了主变排油注氮装置的结构组成、工作原理、参数计算、控制系统设计以及需要注意的事项等,为下一步排油注氮装置的推广应用打下基础.     

HAZOP结合What-if方法在某延迟焦化装置除焦中的应用

为克服传统危险与可操作性（HAZOP）定性分析方法在复杂操作、间歇作业等过程中使用的局限性,提出在传统HAZOP定性分析方法的基础上结合What-if（故障假设）方法,对人的不安全行为和操作规程不完备所导致的风险后果分析作出补充。详细说明其技术原理、工作流程等使用细节,系统阐述该方法与传统HAZOP定性分析方法的区别,并在某延迟焦化装置的除焦操作的风险分析中应用。经分析,识别出在“给水-泡焦”节点,有“操作规程错误”场景2项,“操作规程不具体”场景1项,不存在“操作人员未按操作规程执行”场景。研究结果表明:本文方法有效且具有较好效果,可以广泛应用于操作规程/作业指导书审查、作业过程隐患排查等方面,帮助企业开展操作层面的风险识别与管理,提升企业的生产安全水平。     

潞安矿区煤层渗透率的各向异性特征实验研究

为了研究原位煤体渗透性的各向异性特征,以山西潞安常村矿3号煤层圆柱试样为对象,利用TCQT-Ⅲ型低渗煤层气相驱替增产试验装置,对煤样进行加载,并以氮气注入压力2.0 MPa的条件下,分析垂直层理和平行层理2个方向的煤体变形和渗透率变化特征。实验结果表明:煤样在加载过程中,平行和垂直层理煤样渗透率均随着有效应力的增大而减小,平行层理方向的渗透率始终大于垂直层理方向,应力加载初期渗透率急剧下降,最后逐渐趋于平缓;径向应变的增加量与渗透率呈正相关性,且平行层理相关性大于垂直层理;沿平行层理方向的裂隙度大于沿垂直层理方向,沿垂直层理方向的应变量大于沿平行层理方向;应变增加量均随有效应力的增加而逐渐减小。研究结果可为煤层井网布置及优化提供参考。     

Nighttime pedestrian fatalities: A comprehensive examination of infrastructure,user, vehicle,and situational factors

Introduction: Pedestrian fatalities in the United States increased 45.5% between 2009 and 2017. More than 85% of those additional pedestrian fatalities occurred at night. Method: We examine Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data for fatal pedestrian crashes that occurred in the dark between 2002 and 2017. Within-variable and before/after examinations of crashes in terms of infrastructure, user, vehicle, and situational characteristics are performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-sample t-tests. We model changes in crash characteristic proportions between 2002–2009 and 2010–2017 using linear regressions and test for autocorrelation with Breusch-Godfrey tests. Results: The increase in fatal nighttime pedestrian crashes is most strongly correlated with infrastructure factors: non-intersection unmarked locations (saw 80.8% of additional fatalities); 40–45 mph roads (54.6%); five-lane roads (40.7%); urban (99.7%); and arterials (81.1%). In addition, SUVs were involved in 39.7% of additional fatalities, overrepresenting their share of the fleet. Increased pedestrian alcohol and drug involvement warrant further investigation. The age of pedestrians killed increased more (18.1%) than the national average (3.2%). Conclusions: By identifying factors related to the increase in nighttime pedestrian fatalities, this work constitutes a vital first step in making our streets safer for pedestrians. Practical Applications: More research is needed to understand the efficacy of different solutions, but this paper provides guidance for such future research. Engineering solutions such as road diets or traffic calming may be used to improve identified infrastructure issues by reducing vehicle speeds and road widths. Rethinking vehicle design, especially high front profiles, may improve vehicle issues. However, the problems giving rise to these pedestrian fatalities are likely a result of not only engineering issues but also interrelated social and political factors. Solutions may be correspondingly comprehensive, employing non-linear, systems-based approaches such as Safe Systems.     

Footedness and Mounting—Short Review and Two Case Studies

Footedness is a personal quality like handedness. Footedness may be associated with moving ability during mounting, dismounting, and jumping movements. Occupational accidents have occurred during movement at different working levels, during the use of access and exit systems, and during the mounting of vehicles. Aging can also affect accident risk and body laterality. For example, falling accidents on stairs are common among the elderly. One reason for accidents may be that the structure of the access system or stair system is unsuitable for individual moving patterns depending partly on body laterality. Footedness and the way the feet are used may be contradictory to the demands of the moving situation, especially during uncommon or rapid situations. This contradiction may trigger disturbance during moving. The aims of this pilot study were (a) to review the literature briefly and (b) to describe the use of the dominant and nondominant foot by farmers and the elderly when mounting a tractor and stairs, respectively. The study also gives ideas for future studies based on both (a) and (b).     

AHP与GA-SVM耦合模型在滑坡预警中的应用*

为了减少滑坡造成的损失,提高滑坡预测的准确性,通过搭建灾害模拟平台获得滑坡的实验数据,在获得多组模拟实验数据后,分析各变量的特性。首先,通过层次分析(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)算法,对滑坡进行危险度划分;然后,通过支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)建立模型,遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)再优化SVM参数,提出1种层次分析法与GA-SVM相耦合的模型。研究结果表明:AHP方法划分后的数据,通过GA与SVM结合建立的模型精度较好,实验预测结果与实际结果较为吻合,与单一SVM相比,精度更高,结果更好,更加适用于多变量的复杂非线性滑坡预警。     

Debunking the false dichotomy of leadership idealism and pragmatism: Critical evaluation and support of newer genre leadership theories

Leadership theories have shifted over the last few decades from a focus on managerial functions and economic leader–follower exchanges toward greater focus on the interpersonal dynamics occurring within the leadership process. Theories such as transformational, ethical, authentic, and other “newer genre” theories were created to address neglected topics such as leader vision and inspirational messages, transparency, emotional effects, morality, individualized attention, and intellectual stimulation. Critiques of these theories, however, have been raised. In this paper, we address five of those critiques and argue for the validity and practical effectiveness of the new genre theories. Further, we describe how newer genre leadership research should be viewed as a performative epistemology, entailing a process of co‐creation involving scholars and practitioners. Finally, from this view, we provide general ideas for leader development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Occupational Safety and Health in Finland

In Finland, occupational safety is the responsibility of the employer, while the occupational safety and health laws are enforced by the Labour Inspection Service, an organization of the state. The Labour Inspection is divided in 11 administrative districts, and it employs 360 professionals. They are mandated to carry out site visits without prearranged appointments to inspect safe work situations, working hours, construction safety, or any aspect of accident risks. The inspectors are also mandated to verify the existence of sufficient occupational health services as prescribed by the Occupational Health Services Act for all employees. The occupational health services are typically provided by enterprise-owned medical departments, by mutually owned health care centers, by private practitioners, or by municipal health care centers. The latter are required by law to provide all services as prescribed by the legislation to anyone who comes to the facility. This situation is prevalent in the countryside, where there are very few private caregiving centers. Declaring occupational accidents and disease cases is mandatory, and the Inspection districts examine all accidents to establish causes and consequences, and to initiate prosecution in case of criminal negligence. Labour Inspection Districts are also notified of the new occupational disease cases as they are declared to insurance companies. Insurance for occupational disease, accidents, and death is an obligation of the employer, although they can choose the insurance company. The medical confidentiality between the workers and their occupational health care providers is very strict. Official statistics are maintained by the state Statistics Finland organization, and they may be used, for example, for research purposes by scientific institutes like the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. Construction industry accounts for 25% of all fatal accidents (120 cases per 1 million working hours), followed by mechanical, wood, metal, machinery, and pulp and paper industry (10% each of fatal accidents) with rates ranging from 100–160 cases per 1 million working hours. There are some 5,000 occupational disease cases per year (rate 22/10,000 employed). The major disease categories include repetitive strain injuries (1,300 cases), respiratory allergies (600 cases), occupational skin diseases (1,000 cases), and 900 cases of noise-caused hearing loss. In 1998, 589 cases of asbestos-related diseases were reported.     

森林地表火蔓延模拟方法及其计算机实现

进行了森林火蔓延的研究,对传统的经验公式和模型进行改进,明显发现改进的模型有更好的结果,用计算机巧妙准确地实现了模拟模型,在风力不是特别大,地形变化不是特别剧烈时,该模型有较高精度;并结合火蔓延的主要因素（气象因子、气候、地形等）,进行系统分析,写出算地,编制实现地表火蔓延的预测预报计算机系统软件。这对于有效的组织扑救、减少火灾损失、计算森林火灾的损失评估有重要意义。     

公路隧道火灾逃生疏散研究

以苍岭隧道为背景,首先采用经验计算理论和计算软件building EXODUS相结合的方式,从被困人员的安全疏散时间、高温烟气的影响、隧道横通道的利用率以及人员的疏散行为特性进行了研究。结果表明:中小规模火灾情况下的安全疏散时间控制在8 min之内,高温烟气影响不大,但横通道的利用率不平均,且人员疏散路线相对集中。然后对存在的逃生疏散问题提出针对性建议以及其他相关建议,旨在为更大程度降低事故的严重性和经济财产损失。