一起噪声扰民监测案例的思考

通过一起噪声扰民监测案例,叙述了《工业企业厂界噪声》和《建筑施工场界噪声》的内涵与特征,针对特定的噪声污染现状,提出更加合理的监测方案,有助于解决噪声扰民的信访案件。     

城市商业密集区社会生活噪声监测工作的探讨

在城市商业密集区,社会生活噪声扰民是人民群众环境投诉的热点问题之一。结合近两年对同一商业密集区块的社会生活噪声监测工作实践,从噪声监测点位的布设、噪声敏感建筑物的测量、噪声测量值的修正及数据分析、标准的适用等方面进行监测工作的探讨,为社会生活噪声监测工作获得高质量、准确、合乎实际的监测结果提供启示。     

卡拉OK扰民噪声治理的研究

分析了卡拉0K扰民噪声的特点，通过现场实验和实测，研究了不同装修结构对房间隔声、隔振效果的影响。     

电梯结构噪声分析和控制

文中根据民用电梯的一般结构布局,通过对声传播途径分析,得到电梯噪声扰民是受结构噪声影响的结论。通过对电梯系统和电梯与支架组成系统的力平衡分析,得出电梯结构噪声主要是主机支架设计不合理和安装不当产生的。文章提出了结构噪声防治措施,并对结构噪声扰民的多台电梯实施了工程控制措施,均取得了预期的降噪效果。     

城市施工噪声污染防治——以南京市鼓楼区施工噪声为例

对辖区内的建筑施工噪声进行了概述，分析了建筑施工噪声之所以成为群众关注的热点、难点问题的成因，并就防治建筑施工噪声扰民问题提出了探讨性意见。     

卡拉OK扰民噪声治理的研究

分析了卡拉OK扰民噪声的特点 ,通过现场实验和实测 ,研究了不同装修结构对房间隔声、隔振效果的影响     

中央空调系统噪声测评与控制对策

由于中央空调设计缺陷，安装时没有采取有效的减振措施引起机壳振动或管道风量调节不当，导致噪声超标，引发了许多经济纠纷。只有通过对空调系统噪声进行正确测试与合理评价，找出噪声超标的原因，才能化解这方面的矛盾。     

用组合窗降低车间噪声对环境的影响

工矿企业的噪声扰民问题普遍存在,并已引起了有关方面的关注。如何既有效地隔绝噪声,又不影响车间的通风和散热,这是噪声控制和环境保护工作者一直在进行探讨的问题。本文介绍了采用通风消声百页窗与隔声窗配合使用的组合窗,可做到隔声、通风、采光三兼顾。     

中央空调系统噪声测评与控制对策

由于中央空调设计缺陷,安装时没有采取有效的减振措施引起机壳振动或管道风量调节不当,导致噪声超标,引发了许多经济纠纷。只有通过对空调系统噪声进行正确测试与合理评价,找出噪声超标的原因,才能化解这方面的矛盾。     

冲床噪声的治理

张小泉剪刀厂冲床噪声治理，从控制发声源入手，设计减噪模具，配合吸声、隔声、防震和其他综合性降噪措施，使冲床噪声大幅度下降。     

基于三波长透射率的水体色度检测标准

为了推动有关分光光度法测量水体色度的国家标准的建立,对美国和台湾地区的水体色度标准检测方法进行了研究,提出了新的基于三波长透射率测量水体色度的方法。根据现行国家标准中的色度学相关数据,选择在595、555和445 nm 3个波长处的光谱透射率计算水样的三刺激值,依照国标推荐的色差公式建立了测量水样色度的标准检量线。利用所提出的新的水体色度测量方法对5个水样的色度值进行了实际测量,结果表明,新的测量方法所得到的水体色度值与铂钴比色法一致。     

State Standards,Regulations, and Responsibilities in Noise Pollution Control

In the near future the State of Minnesota will adopt noise pollution standards and regulations based on the findings presented in this paper. Comprehensive noise standards are presented for all sources of noise, including airports, highways, and industrial sources. Two of the three dimensions of noise—intensity and frequency—are measured by the use of the unit dBA, whereas the third dimension—duration—is measured by use of the temporal distribution, expressed as L_x, where x is the sound pressure level in dBA exceeded x% of the time. Standards are established for five zones: 1. residential—single family, 2. residential— apartments, public buildings, 3. commercial, 4. manufacturing, and 5 industrial. The L_x standards apply to most noises including industrial and highway noises. Aircraft noise and impulse noise standards are also discussed. The six phase implementation plan for noise abatement is discussed.     

Control of Environmental Noise

The article reviews the current state of knowledge of noise and how people respond to noise. Sources of community noise are discussed and existing federal legislation pertaining to noise is mentioned. Methods of reducing the noise impact on communities from aircraft, surface transportation, and industrial sites are presented. Interior noise in industry, OSHA noise standards and means of controlling the noise to minimize hearing impairment are emphasized.     

酒店废水混凝过滤处理工艺

在实验的基础上 ,提出了酒店废水的物理化学治理工艺。某酒店废水经破乳、混凝和过滤处理后 ,完全达到了广州市规定的排放标准。本工艺与生化法相比的最大特点是 :占地面积小 ,耗电量小 ,减少了噪音污染 ,尤其适合市区内采用。     

Isomer specific synthesis using the Suzuki-coupling. Polychlorinated terphenyls as standards for environmental analysis

Defined polychlorinated terphenyl (PCT) single congeners as reference standards are the prerequisite for the development of analytical methods for their determination and quantification in the environment. The selective synthesis of PCTs for environmental analytical purposes by application of the Suzuki-coupling reaction is described. Under easily modified standard reaction conditions of this coupling process the PCTs can be obtained by reaction of benzeneboronic acids with dibromobenzenes mostly in good yields, as described by the synthesis of following PCT congeners: p-PCT (3,3("),5,5(")-tetrachloro-, 2,2("),4,4(")-tetrachloro-, 2('),3,3("),5,5(")-pentachloro-); m-PCT (3,3("),5,5(")-tetrachloro-) and o-PCT (3,3("),5,5(")-tetrachloro-). The terphenyl congeners were characterized by NMR (1H, 13C)- and FT-IR-spectroscopy. Their purity was checked by GC/MS analysis. The experimental and quantum-chemically calculated FT-IR-spectra were compared and it was shown, that the determination of the chlorine substitution pattern in the terphenyl congeners by their typical absorption spectra is possible.     

The Stack Height Requirements Implicit In the Federal Standards of Performance For New Stationary Sources

The promulgation of Federal standards of performance for certain classes of new stationary sources requires that such sources have minimum stack heights to meet also the requirements of national air quality standards. The determination of minimum stack height is complicated by the fact that the performance and air quality standards are stated on different averaging time bases; that the extent of preemption of the assimilative capacity of the air by any individual source will vary among jurisdictions and, in some cases, among different geographic areas of a single jurisdiction; and that some new sources will be designed to emit appreciably less than the performance standard requirement. However, these complications can be resolved and equations and charts prepared from which minimum stack height can be selected.     

道路交通噪声预测的研究进展

为评价道路交通噪声影响情况,以美国联邦公路管理局(FHWA)噪声预测模型为主,各国相继开发了基于当地实际情况的道路交通噪声预测模型,中国也以导则和规范等形式相继发布了各种交通噪声预测模型。中国进行噪声环境影响评价中,用得较多的主要有《环境影响评价技术导则声环境》(HJ 2.4—2009)、《公路建设项目环境影响评价规范》(JTG B03—2006)推荐的噪声预测模型,此外也有部分评价工作采用了德国的Cadna A软件。通过对比分析,HJ 2.4—2009的衰减及修正因素在综合考虑FH-WA噪声预测模型及JTG B03—2006基础上更加全面,而JTG B03—2006和Cadna A软件在源强和车速确定方面则均较成熟。有必要根据区域道路特点,选择适合特征区域的道路交通噪声预测模型,并结合实际情况对模型参数进行合理修正,最终形成一些可供区域参考的统一的模型修正参数,积极推动中国的声环境评价工作的发展。     

控制居住区交通噪声的建筑措施

首先分析了交通噪声对居住区声环境的影响,然后重点探讨相应的防治方法,特别是在居住区的规划中,就利用对噪声不敏感的建筑物和绿化隔离带形成小区周边的声屏障、合理布置小区道路系统并防止城市交通穿越、加强住宅建筑设计中隔声构造处理等方面提出了具体的技术措施。     

Surface Transportation Noise and Its Control

Surface transportation creates most of the noise pollution imposed on our communities today. Reduction of this noise impact requires effective preparation and enforcement of regulations to control noise sources, and methods and locations of operation. At the Federal level, such action has begun, within the limited authority available. Concurrently, research and development programs are demonstrating that means to satisfy noise control regulations are technically practical and economically reasonable. This paper provides a brief review of Federal regulatory areas and corresponding R&D activities pertinent to surface transportation noise abatement.     

Quantitative trace analysis of polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in ambient air samples from Mace Head (Ireland): A method intercomparison

A method intercomparison study of analytical methods for the determination of neutral, volatile polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) was carried out in March, 2006. Environmental air samples were collected in triplicate at the European background site Mace Head on the west coast of Ireland, a site dominated by ‘clean’ westerly winds coming across the Atlantic. Extraction and analysis were performed at two laboratories active in PFAS research using their in-house methods. Airborne polyfluorinated telomer alcohols (FTOHs), fluorooctane sulfonamides and sulfonamidoethanols (FOSAs/FOSEs) as well as additional polyfluorinated compounds were investigated. Different native and isotope-labelled internal standards (IS) were applied at various steps in the analytical procedure to evaluate the different quantification strategies. Field blanks revealed no major blank problems. European background concentrations observed at Mace Head were found to be in a similar range to Arctic data reported in the literature. Due to trace-levels at the remote site, only FTOH data sets were complete and could therefore be compared between the laboratories. Additionally, FOSEs could partly be included. Data comparison revealed that despite the challenges inherent in analysis of airborne PFAS and the low concentrations, all methods applied in this study obtained similar results. However, application of isotope-labelled IS early in the analytical procedure leads to more precise results and is therefore recommended.