共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
地下水中石油类污染物运移模拟研究* 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对我国北方某油田的地下水特点,通过室内土柱模拟实验与数值模型模拟研究了石油类污染物随地下水运移的状况。模拟结果表明,地下水石油类污染物浓度随时间变化曲线总体上呈S型;污染前期地下水中污染物浓度增加较快,随着浓度的不断累积,后期浓度增加缓慢。计算结果显示,在50m处石油类污染物首次超过浓度限值的时间为586d,1000m处石油类污染物首次超过浓度限值的时间为12590d,污染过程表现出一定的滞后性。可见,吸附作用对石油类污染物迁移的影响很大,阻滞和延迟了污染物的迁移。 相似文献
4.
放射性固体废物处置的基本安全目标是保护人类和环境免受电离辐射的有害影响。开展放射性固体废物处置场环境影响评价可以量化对人体健康和环境潜在影响。放射性核素分配系数是反映放射性核素在处置场周边土壤介质中迁移的关键参数,对环境影响评价结果的影响显著。不同核素分配系数试验测量方法的实验周期、经济成本以及结果精确度等方面差别很大。从工程角度考虑,如测量结果相差不大,则应优先选择实验周期短、费用低的方法进行分配系数测量。~(90)Sr是拟近地表处置的放射性固体废物中具有代表性的裂变核素之一。采用静态实验和动态实验方法对~(90)Sr在我国北方几种典型土壤(砂土、粘土和黄土)包气带中的迁移进行了研究,分析了不同试验方法测量得到的~(90)Sr分配系数的差异。结果表明:对~(90)Sr的吸附能力,粘土最强,黄土次之,砂土最弱;对于低中放处置场地下水核素迁移模拟,~(90)Sr在粘土和黄土中采用平衡吸附模式或非平衡吸附模式模拟结果差别不大;而采用非平衡模式模拟砂土中~(90)Sr的迁移更为恰当;在低中放处置场环境影响评价中,对于砂土介质,~(90)Sr分配系数的测量应优先选择动态实验法,对于黄土和粘土则可采用静态吸附法。 相似文献
5.
6.
石油类污染物在水环境中的归宿 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:5
石油类污染物在各种水环境中 ,由于水体的特点不同 ,其归宿也不同。通过对焉耆盆地石油开发区域内博斯腾湖、开都河及相邻湿地的研究 ,对石油类污染物在各水环境中扩散、挥发、溶解、分解、乳化、氧化、生物降解、沉降、吸附与吸收、分配与富集等进行了定量分析 ,为石油类污染的控制和清除提供了可靠依据 相似文献
7.
沿海油田污染物入海通量及优化管理 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
胜利油田所在的黄河三角洲诸条河流按入海类型分为三种形式:设有防潮闸的感潮河;设有排涝站的入海河;直流入海的感潮河。按照各河流入海段面、流速、流量和水体污染物浓度,建立起各种感潮河污染物入海通量模式,计算结果说明沿海油田排放的石油类污染物入海通量为1456t/a,COD入海量为5720t/a。根据各条入海河流不同功能和污染物入海量,按照国家地表水质标准,制定出入海河流环境组合目标,用总量控制方法提出污染源削减要求,以保证黄河三角洲沿海滩涂环境质量。并以污染物入海通量、河流径流量、污染物自净系数和污染物削减量等因子建立各条河流优化管理模型,为保护环境提供对策。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
某油田利用千化池蒸发处理联合站排放的含油污水,部分干化池存在轻微渗漏,下渗的污水会对地下水产生污染。为掌握污染物在地下水中的迁移转化规律,建立含油废水的一维竖向迁移模型,并利用Hydrus-1D计算程序对地下水中污染物浓度随时间、运移距离衰减的情况进行模拟分析。分析结果对于控制干化池含油废水中石油类污染物对地下水环境的污染具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
11.
《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2007,1(3):355-359
Shaped zeolite 13X adsorbent with kaolin as binder was hydrothermally modified in sodium hydroxide solution to improve its adsorption performance. The characterization of the product by XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption and water vapour adsorption displayed that kaolin component in zeolite adsorbent can be converted into zeolite during the alkali treatment, resulting in the modified adsorbent consisting entirely of effectual adsorption composition. Compared with the unmodified adsorbent, the modified adsorbent exhibited higher adsorption capacity and uptake rate for carbon dioxide, because of the increase of effective adsorption surface and the decrease of diffusion resistance owing to conversion of kaolin binder into zeolite. The model parameters of isotherms and the isosteric heats calculated by the Clausius–Clapeyron equation for CO2 adsorption showed the stronger interaction of adsorbate–adsorbent and the higher degree of heterogeneity of adsorption centers in modified than unmodified adsorbents. 相似文献
12.
文章重点研究超高交联树脂NDA-100对苯酚的静态吸附动力学,通过动力学实验探讨了不同温度和初始浓度对吸附苯酚的影响,实验结果表明:苯酚在NDA-100树脂上的静态吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学方程,其吸附速率受膜扩散和颗粒内扩散共同控制,对于高浓度的苯酚溶液微孔填充占主导作用,而低浓度的苯酚溶液表现为先经过大孔吸附后经由微孔填充两个阶段,低浓度吸附时出现双平台动力学现象。进一步阐述了超高交联树脂对于酚类化合物的吸附机理,为树脂固定床吸附酚类化合物的研究和实际工业应用提供理论基础。 相似文献
13.
14.
Ted M. Sparr 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1979,15(3):853-860
ABSTRACT: This paper describes the verification of the QUAL-1 mass transport model for the lower Mississippi River between St. Francisville and Point a la Hache using dye studies conducted by the U. S. Geological Survey. QUAL-1 is a one-dimensional steady-state model for rivers and is capable of predicting longitudinal profiles of soluble materials entering rivers from point sources. Both conservative and nonconservative parameters of water quality can be considered. The major problems surmounted were the determination of a diffusion coefficient and the use of transient data to verify a steady state model. 相似文献
15.
沙质滩涂对石油类污染物的吸附是一种物理吸附过程,在一定的条件下,吸附于沙质滩涂中的石油类污染物又可能释放出来,对滨海环境造成新的污染。在对滨海沙滩(胶州湾)沙质滩涂-水系统石油污染调查的基础上,选择代表性的沙滩进行取样,系统测定不同沙质滩涂对可溶性油的释放动力学过程,并分析了盐度、pH、温度和含沙量对释放作用的影响。结果表明,沙质滩涂对可溶性油的释放动力学曲线符合对数型,即随着时间的延续释放速度逐渐降低,沙质滩涂对可溶性油的释放平衡时间约为10h,沙质滩涂对可溶性油的释放量随盐度和pH的增大而减少,随温度、含沙量和振荡频率的增加而增加。 相似文献
16.
Qian Li Qin-Yan Yue Hong-Jian Sun Yuan Su Bao-Yu Gao 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(7):1601-1611
The adsorption properties and mechanisms of a cationic-polymer/bentonite complex (EPI-DMA/bentonite), prepared from polyepicholorohydrin-dimethylamine and bentonite, for non-ionic dyes (Disperse Blue SBL and Vat Scarlet R) and anionic dyes (Reactive Violet K-3R and Acid Dark Blue 2G) were investigated in this study. The solution pH, presence of salt and surfactant can significantly affect the dye removal efficiency. The equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The Langmuir model is the most suitable to describe non-ionic dye adsorption, but for anionic dyes the Freundlich model is best. The kinetic data for the adsorption of different dyes were analyzed using pseudo first- and second-order equations, and the experimental data conformed to the pseudo second-order kinetic model better. The possibility of intraparticle diffusion was also examined by using the intraparticle diffusion equation. The single-stage batch adsorber design for the adsorption of both types of dyes onto EPI-DMA/bentonite was studied based on the Langmuir isotherm model for non-ionic dyes and the Freundlich isotherm model for anionic dyes. The results showed that the required amount of EPI-DMA/bentonite for 95% dye removal in 5 L dye solution with a concentration of 50 mg/L is 378.0 g for DB SBL, 126.5 g for VS R, 9.7 g for RV K-3R and 15.5 g for ADB 2G. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
In the present work, the leaves of Azadirachta indica (locally known as the Neem tree) in the form of a powder were investigated as a biosorbent of dyes taking aqueous Congo Red solution as a model system. The sorbent was made from mature Neem leaves and was investigated in a batch reactor under variable system parameters such as concentration of the aqueous dye solution, agitation time, adsorbent amount, pH, and temperature. An amount of 0.6 g of the Neem leaf powder (NLP) per litre could remove 52.0-99.0% of the dye from an aqueous solution of concentration 2.87 x 10(-2) mmol l(-1) with the agitation time increasing from 60 to 300 min. The interactions were tested with respect to both pseudo first-order and second-order reaction kinetics; the latter was found to be more suitable. Considerable intra-particle diffusion was found to occur simultaneously. The sorption process was in conformity with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms yielding values of the adsorption coefficients in the following ranges: Freundlich n: 0.12-0.19, Kf: 0.1039-0.2648 L g(-1); Langmuir qm: 41.24-128.26 g kg(-1), b: 443.3-1898.0 l mmol(-1), which supported favourable adsorption. The Langmuir monolayer capacity (qm) was high and the values of the coefficient b indicated the equilibrium, dye + NLP = dye...NLP being shifted overwhelmingly towards adsorption. Thermodynamically, the sorption process was exothermic with an average heat of adsorption of -12.75 kJ mol(-1). The spontaneity of the sorption process was also confirmed by the favourable values of Gibbs energy (mean values: -1.09 to -1.81 kJ mol(-1)) and entropy of adsorption (range: -18.97 to -56.32 J mol(-1)K(-1)). The results point to the effectiveness of the Neem leaf powder as a biosorbent for removing dyes like Congo Red from water. 相似文献
20.
Pollution of water, air, and soil by industrial effluents is a major problem nowadays. A variety of contaminants are too responsible for changing the physicochemical properties of the receiving body. There are practical treatment solutions available to clean up contaminants from various resources. The term “adsorption” refers to one of them. The purpose of the research work is to remove heavy metals from industrial effluent. Mixed adsorbents prepared from activated charcoal and bone charcoals were used to remove the copper and cadmium ions. The experiment carried out in a batch operation and modeling of these data for intraparticle diffusion and thermodynamic calculations were reported in this research work. At optimum operating condition pH 6; metal ion concentration 50 mg/L; dose 5 g/L; agitation 180 rpm and temperature 40°C maximum 99.41% copper ions and 88.12% cadmium ion removal was achieved. Cadmium ions were well fitted in the thermodynamic model compared to copper ions, as demonstrated by the higher correlation coefficient R2 (0.9824) value. Intra particle diffusion demonstrated that film diffusion was a rate-limiting step at the start of the reaction, while microporous intraparticle diffusion was the rate-determining phase later on. A Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron micrography analysis confirmed the suitability of mixed adsorbents for the removal of cadmium and copper metal ions. 相似文献