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Voltammetric curve studies on aqueous Na2S solution in the presence of three types of surfactants are presented. Presence of anodic surfactant (HTAB) in creases anode current density and makes the corresponding anode peak potential shift to more negative. Potentials of the reduction of elemental sulfur to intermediates Sx2-shift to more negative with the increasing of HTAB concentrations. In the presence of HTAB, the anode current density at 77oC increases more than at 34oC. The electrolysis indicates that anodic product sulfur loosely adhered to the graphite electrode surface when HTAB is added to the anolyte. The total efficiency of producing sulfur is high after several times of cycle electrolysis.The results show that anode passivation is minimized in the presence of HTAB. The depassivation effect of HTAB is discussed. 相似文献
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以废旧印刷线路板粉末为原材料,采用压片电解方法回收单质铜,研究了CuSO_4·5H2O浓度、H_2SO_4浓度、电流密度、电解时间和NaCl浓度对电解过程中Cu分布特性的影响。结果表明:废旧印刷线路板中的Cu以Cu2+的形式进入溶液,最终以粉末形式沉积在阴极;过高的H_2SO_4浓度、电流密度和NaCl浓度会导致析氢反应等,从而降低Cu在阴极和溶液中的分布;当CuSO_4·5H_2O浓度、H_2SO_4浓度、电流密度、电解时间、NaCl浓度分别为50 g/L、6 mol/L、80 m A/cm~2、5 h、40 g/L时,Cu在阴极、溶液、阳极泥中的分布比率分别为63.16%、34.14%和2.70%。 相似文献
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利用热分解法制备CuO修饰Ti基阴极和SnO2-Sb2O5修饰Ti基阳极,组成无隔膜电解体系,以模拟废水(NO3--N 50mg/L)为对象,进行了水中NO3--N去除实验研究.结果数据表明,CuO修饰Ti基阴极对水中NO3--N的去除率随电流密度、极板间距、搅拌强度和电解时间增加而增加,在电流密度10mA/cm2、极板间距9mm、中等搅拌强度下电解150min,NO3--N催化还原去除率可达93.8%.Cl-支持电解可使NO3--N催化还原产物NH4+-N氧化为N2-N去除.在电流密度10mA/cm2、极板间距9mm、NaCl添加量600mg/L、中等搅拌强度下电解120min后,NO3--N和TN的去除率达到89.3%和86.9%,NO2--N和NH4+-N未检出.分析认为NO3--N还原机制为NOx中O被阴极表面Cu吸附固定,N—O键受氢攻击破坏,逐步还原.阳极电解Cl-生成HOCl,HOCl氧化NH4+-N成N2-N. 相似文献
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采用钛网作为阳极,钛网为阴极,对分散金黄HF-3R模拟染料废水进行了实验研究,探讨了电解时间、电解质种类及浓度、电流密度以及进水浓度对分散金黄HF-3R脱色效率的影响。结果表明:增加电流密度,提高电解质浓度,延长反应时间有利于分散金黄HF-3R色度的脱除,对于含有110 mg/L的分散金黄HF-3R溶液,电解质NaCl的质量浓度为20.0 g/L,电流密度为2.5 A/dm2,电解时间25 min,溶液的脱色率达到99%,COD去除率为98%。 相似文献
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Cathodic reduction of CO2 and anodic oxidation of organic matters are crucial to methane-producing microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) applied in anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. However, cathodic CO2 reduction is usually restrained by slow metabolism rates of H2-utilizing methanogens and low electron-capturing capacity of CO2, which consequently slows down the anodic oxidation that participates to sludge disintegration. Herein, a strategy with adding nitrate as electron acceptor to foster electronic transfer between the anode and cathode was proposed to improve anodic oxidation. Results showed that the average efficiency of anodic oxidation in the nitrate-added MEC increased by 55.9%. Accordingly, volatile suspended solid removal efficiency in the nitrate-added MEC was 21.9% higher than that of control MEC. Although the initial cumulative methane production in the nitrate-added MEC was lower than that of control MEC, the cumulative methane production in 24?days was 8.9% higher. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that anodic oxidation of MEC with nitrate accelerated the disintegration of sludge flocs and cell walls. Calculation on current signal further revealed that anodic oxidation driven by cathodic nitrate reduction was the main mechanism responsible for the improved sludge digestion. 相似文献
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Electrochemical incineration of dimethyl phthalate by anodic oxidation with
boron-doped diamond electrode 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The anodic oxidation of aqueous solutions containing dimethyl phthalate (DMP) up to 125 mg/L with sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) as
supporting electrolyte within the pH range 2.0–10.0 was studied using a one-compartment batch reactor employing a boron-doped
diamond (BDD) as anode. Electrolyses were carried out at constant current density (1.5–4.5 mA/cm2). Complete mineralization was
always achieved owing to the great concentration of hydroxyl radical (.OH) generated at the BDD surface. The e ects of pH, apparent
current density and initial DMP concentration on the degradation rate of DMP, the specific charge required for its total mineralization
and mineralization current e ciency were investigated systematically. The mineralization rate of DMP was found to be pH-independent
and to increase with increasing applied current density. Results indicated that this electrochemical process was subjected, at least
partially, to the mass transfer of organics onto the BDD surface. Kinetic analysis of the temporal change of DMP concentration during
electrolysis determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) revealed that DMP decay under all tested conditions
followed a pseudo first-order reaction. Aromatic intermediates and generated carboxylic acids were identified by Gas Chromatography-
Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and a general pathway for the electrochemical incineration of DMP on BDD was proposed. 相似文献
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Electrochemical degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous solution was investigated over Ti/SnO2-Sb anode. The factors influencing the degradation rate, such as applied current density (2-40 mA/cm2), pH (3-11) and initial concentration (5-200 mg/L) were evaluated. The degradation of 2,4-DCP followed apparent pseudo first-order kinetics. The degradation ratio on Ti/SnO2-Sb anode attained > 99.9% after 20 min of electrolysis at initial 5-200 mg/L concentrations at a constant current density of 30 mA/cm2 with a 10 mmol/L sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) supporting electrolyte solution. The results showed that 2,4-DCP (100 mg/L) degradation and total organic carbon (TOC) removal ratio achieved 99.9% and 92.8%, respectively, at the optimal conditions after 30 min electrolysis. Under this condition, the degradation rate constant (k) and the degradation half-life (t1/2) were 0.21 min-1 and (2.8±0.2) min, respectively. Mainly carboxylic acids (propanoic acid, maleic acid, propanedioic acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid) were detected as intermediates. The energy efficiencies for 2,4-DCP degradation (5-200 mg/L) with Ti/SnO2-Sb anode ranged from 0.672 to 1.602 g/kWh. The Ti/SnO2-Sb anode with a high activity to rapid organic oxidation could be employed to degrade chlorophenols, particularly 2,4-DCP in wastewater. 相似文献
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Qiongfang Zhuo Xiang Li Feng Yan Bo Yang Shubo Deng Jun Huang Gang Yu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(8):1733-1740
The 6:2 FTS was the substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) in the chrome plating industry in Japan. Electrochemical oxidation of 6:2 FTS was investigated in this study. The degradabilities of PFOS and 6:2 FTS were tested on the Ti/SnO2–Sb2O5–Bi2O3anode. The effects of current density,potential,and supporting electrolyte on the degradation of 6:2 FTS were evaluated. Experimental results showed that 6:2 FTS was more easily degraded than PFOS on the Ti/SnO2–Sb2O5–Bi2O3anode. At a low current density of 1.42 mA/cm2,6:2 FTS was not degraded on Ti/SnO2–Sb2O5–Bi2O3,while the degradation ratio increased when the current density ranged from 4.25 to 6.80 mA/cm2. The degradation of 6:2 FTS at current density of 6.80 mA/cm2 followed pseudo first-order kinetics with the rate constant of 0.074 hr-1. The anodic potential played an important role in the degradation of 6:2 FTS,and the pseudo first-order rate constants increased with the potential. The surface of Ti/SnO2–Sb2O5–Bi2O3was contaminated after electrolysis at constant potential of 3 V,while the fouling phenomenon was not observed at 5 V. The fouled anode could be regenerated by incinerating at 600°C. The intermediates detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometer(UPLC–MS/MS) were shorter chain perfluorocarboxylic acids. The 6:2 FTS was first attacked by hydroxyl radical,and then formed perfluorinated carboxylates,which decarboxylated and removed CF2 units to yield shorter-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids. 相似文献
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Pd-Fe/石墨烯多功能催化阴极降解4-氯酚机制研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
制备出Pd-Fe/石墨烯多功能催化阴极,与Ti/Ir O2/Ru O2阳极、有机涤纶滤布构成隔膜电解体系,将阴极催化加氢脱氯作用和阴阳极氧化作用耦合起来对含4-氯酚的有机废水进行降解,采用TOC仪、紫外扫描、高效液相色谱、离子色谱分析方法研究其降解效果及反应历程.结果表明,在最佳反应条件下,Pd-Fe/石墨烯催化体系阴阳极室中4-氯酚转化率分别为98.1%和95.1%,优于Pd/石墨烯催化体系阴阳极室的93.3%和91.4%.Pd-Fe/石墨烯催化体系脱氯效果高于95%,表明双金属催化剂具有更强的析氢能力.在阴阳极的协同作用下,反应120 min时4-氯酚被完全转化.通过阴极加氢脱氯作用,4-氯酚被还原成苯酚.随后苯酚在阴阳极的共同氧化作用下,被氧化生成对二苯酚、苯醌等中间产物,继而被氧化为小分子有机酸,最后被矿化为CO2和H2O,据此提出了4-氯酚降解的可能历程. 相似文献
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针对电解海水防污工艺中钛阳极经常遇到的Mn2+污染问题,本文首先对实际运行失效的钛阳极进行分析,再在实验室模拟钛阳极在含Mn2+的海水中的电解失效情况.通过电流效率测试,电化学交流阻抗谱测试,SEM,电子探针等测试方法详细考察了海水中的杂质Mn2+对涂层阳极性能的影响.结果表明,海水中Mn2+的存在是导致钛阳极失效的重要原因.电解过程中,Mn2+在阳极形成MnO2沉积层,增大阳极表面电阻,降低了阳极的电流效率;另一方面,MnO2的形成也会影响阳极表面的电流的均匀分布,导致阳极涂层机械破裂,加速阳极涂层失效. 相似文献
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分析了三维电极法处理医院污水的影响因素,探讨了阳极材料、电流密度.水力停留时间、空气流量、极水比等因素对消毒效果的影响,确定在不加化学药剂、不影响水质和低耗能条件下电化学消毒试验的最佳使用条件。结果表明,在用涂有贵金属(钌、铂、铱)氧化物的钛板作阳极,不锈钢板作阴极,电流密度为6mA/cm^2、水力停留时间为15min、空气流量为40L/h、极水比为1.0的试验条件下,消毒后污水中总大肠菌群数〈500CFU/L。电化学法消毒处理医院污水方法简单有效、运行费用低,无二次污染.处理后的污水达到国家一级排放标准(GB8978—1996)。 相似文献
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为解决重金属污染土在电动法修复过程中存在的聚焦效应问题,提出了牺牲铁阳极的电化学联用修复技术。在传统电动修复方法基础上增加电解液净化循环装置,优化Cr(Ⅵ)还原及沉淀所需技术参数,并与传统电动修复技术进行对比,探讨其修复效果及适用性。结果表明:迁出的Cr(Ⅵ)可在Fe2+作用下被还原为Cr(Ⅲ)并沉淀,pH、电压梯度、电流密度、电极面积均会影响其反应速率,电极距离对反应速率无直接影响,主要影响电解功率。Cr(Ⅵ)还原-沉淀反应的最佳技术参数为:pH值5~6.5,电压梯度0.8 V/cm,电流密度>6.67 mA/cm2,电极面积90 cm2,电极距离15 cm;较传统电动修复技术,以牺牲阳极强化铬污染土的电化学联用修复技术中,土壤室不同点位的去除率波动范围在10%,最高点位的去除率提高近24%,达93.4%。靠近阳极附近土体中Cr(Ⅵ)去除率从0.24%提高到80.38%。以牺牲阳极强化污染土的电化学联用修复方法不仅有效解决了重金属迁移的聚焦问题,而且有助于促进土中重金属污染物的整体性迁出。 相似文献
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基于对Pd-Me双金属催化还原的机理分析,提出了以NH4+-N为目标产物,Fe催化还原NO3--N的理论设想. 结合折点氯化技术,以Ti/Fe为阴极,以Ti/Ir-Ru为阳极,以NaCl为支持电解质组建无隔膜电解体系,开展了水中NO3--N去除的试验研究. 结果表明,利用电解催化还原-氯氧化法可将模拟水样中NO3--N转化为N2去除,其反应历程为阴极催化还原NO3--N生成NH4+-N,阳极电解氯氧化NH4+-N生成N2. 在ρ(Cl-)为500 mg/L,电流密度为12 mA/cm2,极板距离为9 mm,搅拌强度为450 r/min的试验条件下电解150 min,初始ρ(NO3--N)为50 mg/L的模拟水样出水ρ(TN)和ρ(NO3--N)可分别降至2.9和2.8 mg/L,去除率分别达到94.1%和94.3%,NH4+-N和NO2--N均未检出. 分析认为,阴极对NO3--N的催化还原机理为:Fe化学吸附氮氧化合物离子中的O形成固定的N—O键,电解产生的活性还原物质攻击N—O形成N—H新键. 相似文献