城市辖区生态示范区建设规划中若干问题探讨

以国家生态示范区建设试点区——乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区生态示范区为例,针对城市行政辖区作为复合生态系统相对独立性太弱的特点,对在规划中需特别注意的政府职责层次、示范区区域界定及建设区模式选择等问题进行了探讨,并根据该区生态示范区规划编制工作中的实际情况,提出了解决这些问题的基本思路。     

生态工业园区规划建设方法初探

在可持续发展浪潮席卷全世界的今天,90年代兴起的生态工业园将成为各国可持续发展的主要模式之一。它通过一个区域内物流和能源的正确设计模拟自然生态系统,形成企业间共生网络,达到减少废物,实现园区污染“零排放”的目标。目前,许多国家都在进行生态工业园区的建设和研究,本文对生态工业园的规划建设方法作初步探讨,并以通化市张家生态工业园为例进行实证研究。     

宿迁市生态示范区建设方略

文中结合宿迁市的特点。从组织机构，宣传教育，农村生态环境建设，工业企业的管理和引导，区域环境综合整治，生态城市建设，生态主导产业的扶持等方面提出了宿迁市生态示范区建设的方略。     

关于“生态宿迁”建设的若干思考

通过几年的生态示范区建设，宿迁市的生态环境得到了改善．为了更进一步地提高宿迁市的生态环境质量，宿迁市即将进行“生态宿迁”建设．文中在揭示“生态宿迁”建设的必要性之后，提出了“生态宿迁”建设的总体构想．通过对生态示范区工作的总结，阐述了“生态宿迁”建设的主要任务：生态工程、生态经济、生态意识和生态人居．在对“生态宿迁”建设的工作组织实施提出意见后，明确提出“生态宿迁”近期的建设目标．     

地表水水质自动监测系统及其建设中的若干问题

结合近几年广东省地表水水质自动监测系统建设中的一些经验,对水质自动监测系统作一介绍,并针对其作为一项新的技术的实施,着重对其建设中的若干问题进行探讨.     

城市建设及建筑设计的生态性探讨

运用景观生态学原理分析了我国城市建设的生态现状和生态设计内涵，并对城市和建筑的生态设计提出了一些思路和对策．     

上海市环境监测质量管理规划探讨

针对上海市环境监测行业质量管理工作在宏观管理和微观控制两个方面存在的问题,制定了上海市环境监测质量管理近期和中期规划。建立质量管理信息共享平台和QC指标评定体系,组建质量与技术管理委员会,建立环境质量和污染源连续自动监测系统的QA/QC体系。在全市环境监测行业内建立质量管理考核评价体系和法制保障体系,推进LIMS建设并实现与上海市环境监测中心LIMS的无缝链接,探索构建\"上海市水环境监测质量控制平台\"。     

监测数据法在工业污染核算中的若干问题探讨

简述了监测数据法应用于污染核算的工作流程.指出了监测数据法使用中监测数据本身、环境统计中以及动态更新中监测数据使用存在的主要问题,提出了应加强监测管理、钻研监测技术,提升监测数据质量,为污染核算奠定基础;修订、完善监测数据法的相关技术规定并督促严格执行;正确处理监测数据,从技术层面改进污染核算质量;加强监测数据法核算的...     

噪声监测中存在问题的探讨

阐述了噪声监测中存在的问题,对监测点位的科学设置、测量时间和监测仪器的合理安排、如何正确地把握评估标准等作了探讨。     

环境保护规划在我国规划体系中的定位及转型

结合对我国的规划体系及其发展方向的分析,指出了目前环境保护规划忽视对国土空间进行谋划的问题,并对其转型方向提出了建议。主要结论:环境保护规划应当在继续履行好争取财政资金等社会资源功能的同时,增强对资源环境承载能力这一重要自然资源的配置功能,转变为横跨国民经济和社会发展、国土空间开发管制两大领域的综合性规划;要加强环境保护空间管制的基础性研究,建立一套约束性环境保护规划指标体系,增强其权威性和可操作性,充分发挥规划的作用。     

城市生态环境质量评价初探

以新疆乌鲁木齐市、石河子市、克拉玛依市为例,依据城市生态学理论,对城市的生产位、生态位、环境位进行评估,并对评价结果进行综合分析,以确定城市生态环境质量的优劣,以此反映城市经济发展、人类各种活动和环境保护之间的适应程度.     

新疆生态功能区划初探

“新疆生态功能区划”参考了“中国综合生态环境区划方案”，以《生态功能区划暂行规程》为依据，充分考虑新疆独特的地理分布格局，将新疆分为5个生态区，18个生态亚区，79个生态功能区。“新疆生态功能区划”对科学有效地管理新疆生态环境，因地制宜地实施保护和治理策略，保证社会经济可持续发展具有重要意义。     

伊宁市空气微生物浓度状况初步调查分析

对伊宁市的空气微生物浓度进行了初步调查分析，结果表明，伊宁市部分区域空气（占总测点的22．2％）处于超重度微生物污染，并且初步讨论分析了导致不同功能区和不同时间段大气微生物浓度差异的原因。     

工业探伤机在野外作业中的辐射防护距离探讨

从技术角度对工业探伤机在野外作业中的辐射防护距离进行了探讨,为探伤企业在工业探伤机野外作业的辐射防护距离提出了更加合理、可行的解决办法。     

米泉市生活饮用水主要污染因子初探

对米泉市历年生活饮用水的水质进行综合评价,确定主要污染因子,初步探讨了其成因及采取的对策。     

GIS for Environmental Assessment of the Impacts of Urban Encroachment on Rosetta Region, Egypt

Unplanned urban expansion of the new urban cluster of Rosetta City, Egypt is reaching a critical stage. This unplanned expansion of slum areas threatens the land on which the high quality palm trees, by which Rosetta region is known, are cultivated. This research is concerned with studying the manner, rate, extent and impact of the expansion of the urban cluster of Rosetta City. A multi-temporal analysis of mainly the limits of the built up urban areas and their surrounding land cover is the main evaluation technique. By using Geographic Information Systems, it was possible to study the geographic base of the concerned area. An increase in area of the urban clusters of about 0.1 km² occurred from 1917–1945, and a second increase of over 0.07 km² occurred from 1945–1963. Just after the end of the Second World War, an abrupt increase took place in 1963–1993 that reached 1.7 km². The majority of all the urban expansion was unplanned. By studying the topographic map of Rosetta city and the urban clusters on the western bank of the river Nile, it was found that most of the urban conglomeration of the city is located on relatively elevated land. The western part of the urban area is of an elevation varying around 5.0 m, and inclining with moderate slope towards the eastern edge of the city adjacent to the river Nile. The urban expansion on inclined land has caused severe problems with the sanitary drainage, as the city lacks any sanitary drainage systems. Sanitary drainage currently operates through precipitation trenches. Sanitary sewage gather beneath the ground forming continuos streams which reach the basements of many of the monuments present.     

孔雀河中下游生态环境治理探讨

孔雀河作为塔里木河流域的一条重要河流，被誉为巴音郭楞州人民的“母亲河”。近年来，由于博斯腾湖水位下降，孔雀河上游无序截水灌溉，导致其中下游极度干旱，巳严重威胁到绿色走廊的畅通以及下游农牧区的生产、生活和可持续发展。本文通过对孔雀河中下游环境现状的分析，从其治理的必要性、重要意义、基本原则、对策、建议等方面进行了探讨。     

Land-Cover Changes and Its Impacts on Ecological Variables in the Headwaters Area of the Yangtze River, China

Land cover changes affect ecological landscape spatial pattern, and evolving landscape patterns inevitably cause an evolution in ecosystem functionality. Various ecological landscape variables, such as biological productivity (plant biomass and stock capacity), soil nutrients (organic matter and N content) and water source conservation capacity are identified as landscape function characteristics. A quantitative method and digital model for analyzing evolving landscape functionality in the headwaters areas of the Yangtze River, China were devised. In the period 1986–2000, patch transitions of the region's evolving landscapes have been predominantly characterized by alpine cold swamp meadow, with the highest coverage tending to be steppified meadow or steppe, and desertification landscape such as sand and bare rock land expansion. As the result of such changes, alpine swamp areas decreased by 3.08 × 10³ km² and the alpine cold sparse steppe and bare rock and soil land increased by 6.48 × 10³ km² and 5.82 × 10³ km², respectively. Consequently, the grass biomass production decreased by 2627.15 Gg, of which alpine cold swamp meadows accounted for 55.9% of this loss. The overall stock capacity of the headwaters area of the Yangtze River decreased by 920.64 thousand sheep units, of which 502.02 thousand sheep units decreased in ACS (Alpine cold swamp) meadow transition. Soil organic matter and N contents decreased significantly in most alpine cold meadow and swamp meadow landscape patches. From 1986 to 2000 the total losses of soil organic matter and total N in the entire headwaters region amounted to 150.2 Gkg and 7.67 Gkg. Meanwhile, the landscape soil water capacity declined by 935.9 Mm³, of which 83.9% occurred in the ACS meadow transition. In the headwater area of the Yangtze River, the complex transition of landscape resulted in sharp eco-environmental deterioration. The main indication for these changes involved the intensity of the climate in this region is becoming drier and warmer, resulting in a gradual degradation of the permafrost.