控制乡镇工业污染的技术对策中几个理论问题的探讨

本文在分析乡镇工业输入—输出系统的基础上,对乡镇工业生产排污所产生的环境影响,从企业、社会和政府三个方面的相互关系上作了经济分析;提出了污染控制的基本原则;讨论了削减乡镇工业污染物排放的各种调控手段以及污染源治理的技术途径和乡镇工业污染源治理实用技术应满足的条件。     

排污收费对企业污染控制技术创新激励作用的研究

运用模型方法研究了排污收费和行政手段对企业污染控制技术创新的激励作用,为环境管理政策应用提供了理论依据。结果表明,无论对创新企业还是模拟企业,在“技术创新－创新扩散－最优啮合反应”的技术创新过程中,排污收费更能刺激企业的污染控制技术创新行为。     

对城市环境规划有关问题的探讨

这是作者在一九八二年提出双向控制理论时发表的一篇论文.本文首次提出了建立适合我国有计划商品经济体制的协调发展与环境的双向控制模式的构想.并对城市环境规划应当是生态规划与污染防治规划的统一.区域污染综合防治和企业工业单位总量控制相结合,以及技术政策的研究等做了论述.     

确定大气环境标准方法的探讨

对使用或生产我国尚无环境控制标准污染物质的企业如何管理．经对有关法规、资料的研究，推荐采用确定环境控制标准的方法，以控制这些污染物质的排放及其对环境的影响。     

可交易水污染许可证发展现状与应用前景

可交易排污许可证在传统的排污许可证基础上，引入市场机制。不但对企业选择污染控制手段赋予更大的灵活性，而且可以大大节约水污染控制费用、剌激企业开发并建设更加经济有效的污染控制技术。国外十多年的研究和实践证明可交易排污许可证是一种经济而有效的环境管理手段。水污染排放许可证制度在我国的应用已有一定基础。在条件具备的地区可以引进可交易水污染物排放许可证制度，本文回顾了“可交易水污染许可证制度”的理论分析和国外实践，进而探讨在中国的应用前景     

杭州市乡镇工业污染防治对策研究

近年来，杭州乡镇工业异军突起，发展迅速，为杭州市国民经济的发展作出了巨大的贡献，不仅成为农村经济的重要支柱和财政收入的重要来源，而且为农村剩余劳动力的就业找到了出路，但是，乡镇工业的迅猛发展也给农业资源环境造成巨大的破坏，给一些地方带来严重的环境污染，严重影响了农业的可持续发展，因此，防治乡镇工业污染是保护农村生态环境，实现农村经济可持续发展之根本。１杭州市乡镇工业污染现状杭州市乡镇工业的快速发展，有力地促进了农村经济的发展，但同时也给农村生态环境带来一系列的污染问题。据统计，１９９５年杭州市共…     

工业地块土壤与地下水污染风险分级方法国际比较研究

当前中国工业企业用地土壤环境管理体系仍不健全，到了需要构建精准风险分级方法和管理制度体系的关键时期。梳理了各国污染地块环境风险分级管理制度、方法及工具的发展历程与应用经验，从政策背景出发，总结了各国分级分类方法在管理目标与对象、方法与内容、评价指标方面的差异及不确定性来源与优缺点。在对比国际上成熟的分级管理方法和中国重点行业企业用地风险分级方法的基础上，充分借鉴国际经验，依托国情和已有工作基础，建议在“十四五”时期从国家层面构建精准风险分级方法和管理制度框架，鼓励各省建立分区管理机制和风险分级技术，积极开发辅助分析决策支持工具，完善在产企业和关闭工业地块土壤及地下水污染风险分级管理与技术体系。     

受潮汐影响闸坝控制小型河流环境容量数学模型探讨

随着环境科学的不断发展,环境管理已由浓度控制转向总量控制.目前,乡镇工业迅速发展,沿海小型潮汐河流的污染控制问题显得十分迫切.由于受潮汐影响闸坝控制的河流不同于清水河,其水文要素十分复杂,流(量)速的大小不仅随时间发生变化,而且方向也发生改变.因此,一般用于清水河的水质模型不好或很难修正用之.现     

企业采用自愿协议式环境管理方法的意愿调查

“企业采用自愿协议式环境管理方法的意愿调查”是欧盟资助项目“自愿协议式环境管理方法在中国工业环境管理中应用的可行性研究”的主要成果之一。调查结果表明，自愿协议式环境管理方法目前在中国只是处于初步的认知阶段，但大多数企业愿意尝试采用自愿协议式方法解决环境问题，积极性较高，且谈判式自愿协议被看好。     

杭州市水泥行业粉尘污染防治现状

随着经济的快速增长和基本建设规模的不断扩大，杭州市水泥产量不断增加，水泥行业的粉尘和烟尘排放已成为占工业粉尘排放量最多的污染物，严重影响了城市环境的空气质量。为了控制水泥粉尘的排放，保护人体健康，减少资源浪费，实现可持续发展战略。我国于１９９６年重新制定了水泥厂大气污染物的排放标准，而且各项指标均大大严于旧标准，浙江省杭州市环保局也制定了控制水泥粉尘污染的具体办法，并对水泥粉尘污染企业实行限期治理。总之，为了控制水泥粉尘污染，人们已从水泥生产的各个环节、粉尘治理技术。管理等方面做了大量的工作，取…     

水污染治理工程的环境绩效审计

环境绩效审计的作用之一就是检查投入到环境治理上的资金到底发挥了多大的效益.本研究以五里湖综合整治工程效益审计案例为基础,提出环境效益评估的程序,将条件评估法应用于水污染治理工程项目审计案例中,分析了无锡市居民为改善水环境质量和对周边房产的支付意愿,并计算出五里湖水环境改善的效益和周边房产的增值效益.结果表明,综合整治工程实施后会带来可观的经济效益.最后,对条件评估法在政府环境绩效审计中应用存在的问题进行了讨论,以期为政府环境审计提供技术支持.     

突发环境污染事件应对措施探讨

随着经济的高速发展,环境安全隐患逐渐显现,中国进入环境污染事故高发期,做好环境污染事件的防范工作刻不容缓。针对突发环境污染事件应对中存在的主要问题,提出了构建预防应急体系、建立有效的环境问责制、合理处置安全事故、建立全民参与机制和建立环境污染责任险制度等应对突发环境污染事件措施。     

Foreign direct investment,environmental regulation,and environmental pollution: an empirical study based on threshold effects for different Chinese regions

On the basis of previous studies on the relations among foreign direct investment (FDI), environmental regulation, and environmental pollution, this work uses provincial panel data from 2000 to 2014 to study the effects of FDI and environmental regulation on environmental pollution by applying the panel-corrected standard error (PCSE) method. This paper then utilizes environmental regulation as the threshold variable to estimate the threshold effects of environmental regulation on FDI’s influence on environmental pollution in a threshold regression model for the eastern, central, and western regions of China. The results show that stricter environmental regulation can substantially reduce the pollution in each region. FDI can decrease environmental pollution in the eastern and central regions, but it can increase pollution in the western region. There are double-threshold effects of environmental regulation on the effects of FDI on environmental pollution in each region. When the environmental regulation level is between the first threshold and the second threshold, FDI can decrease environmental pollution much more in the eastern and central regions and increase environmental pollution much less in the western region.

     

Benefits of mitigated ambient air quality due to transportation control on childhood asthma hospitalization during the 2002 summer Asian games in Busan, Korea

The objective of this study is to see whether there were any health benefits of mitigated air pollution concentration due to reduced traffic flow during a citywide intervention for the 2002 Summer Asian Games. Relative risks of hospitalization for childhood asthma during the post-Asian Game period compared with the baseline period were estimated using a time-series analysis of the generalized additive Poisson model. Fourteen consecutive days of traffic volume control in Busan during the Games reduced all regulated air pollutant levels by 1-25%. The estimated relative risk of hospitalization during the post-Games period over the baseline period was 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.49, 1.11). We observed that this reduced air pollution was unique in 2002 when the traffic volume reduction program was applied during the Games period. This empirical data provides epidemiologic evidence of the health benefits resulting from environmental interventions to reduce ambient air pollution.     

门楼水库总氮环境容量计算及其总量控制方案研究

文中分析了门楼水库的总氮污染状况,提出了门楼水库总氮环境容量的计算原则、设计水文条件和水质保护目标,为改善市区居民的饮用水质量,保障市民的身体健康,制定合理的污染控制方案,提供了科学的参考依据。     

The Opportunities for the Industrial Scientist-Engineer in Air Pollution Research

The industrial scientist-engineer is characterized by a high level of interest in solving problems, with the honest expectation that a novel solution to a problem will be rewarded by society with attendant economic benefits to his employer and to himself. Markets for new and improved emission control equipment and techniques are being created by the ever increasing public awareness of the consequences of continuing air pollution and suggest that new emission-free processes and manufacturing techniques and products will similarly find ready acceptance if not outright demand.     

燃煤工业锅炉排放二氧化硫对大气的污染及工业固硫型煤的应用

本文论述了我国燃煤工业锅炉排放ＳＯ２对大气污染的状况及发展趋势,以及应用工业固硫型煤控制燃煤工业锅炉对大气的污染。燃煤工业锅炉燃烧工业固硫型煤时,可明显地降低ＳＯ２和烟尘的排放量,并节约煤炭。在当前及今后相当长的时期内,推广和发展工业固硫型煤,是防治燃煤工业锅炉大气ＳＯ２污染的一条投资少、见效快、简便易行的实用措施,其经济效益及环境效益相当可观。     

Cross-Media Environmental Impacts of Air Pollution Regulations for a Coal-Fired Power Plant

The types and rates of pollutant emissions from a coal-fired power plant depend upon plant design, coal characteristics, and environmental control policy. In the past, air pollution regulations were often promulgated without rigorous analysis of the resulting energy penalties and secondary environmental impacts that occur in other environmental media (air, land, or water), which are counterproductive to overall environmental quality. This paper describes a Comparative Assessment Model that has been developed to consider systematically such tradeoffs for conventional and advanced coal-to-electric technologies. The model is applied to quantify the secondary (“cross-media”) environmental and resource impacts resulting from alternative air pollution control policies that reduce sulfur dioxide emissions from a 1000 MW power plant. Multimedia pollutant burdens are presented, together with the increased requirements for coal, limestone, and water that are incurred in generating a fixed net quantity of electricity. The development of sound public policy requires that environmental regulations be sensitive to adverse effects in all environmental media, and that tradeoffs involved in the regulation of specific pollutants to one medium be rigorously and systematically characterized.     

城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场恶臭的防治技术进展

恶臭污染已成为垃圾处理和处置过程中的严重公害。在分析中,介绍了填埋场各区域恶臭的控制措施,综述了卫生填埋场恶臭的常规防治技术,重点讨论了生物技术在填埋场脱臭中的应用,这些防治技术对各类环境卫生设施,如垃圾收集站、中转站、焚烧场、堆肥厂及粪便处理厂的臭气治理均有借鉴意义。     

Does the construction of network infrastructure reduce environmental pollution?—evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in “Broadband China”

This paper discusses the effect of network infrastructure on environmental pollution reduction and the realization mechanism behind it. Based on the panel data of 285 cities in China from 2005 to 2019, this study regards the “Broadband China” pilot policy as a quasi-natural experiment to clarify the pollution emission reduction effect of network infrastructure construction through differences-in-differences method and other methods. The research results show the following: (1) The Broadband China pilot policy has reduced environmental pollution, that is, the construction of network infrastructure has the effect of environmental pollution reduction. The conclusion is still established after a series of robustness tests such as parallel trend test, placebo test, and instrumental variable method. Through the heterogeneity test, it is found that the pollution reduction effect of network infrastructure construction is more obvious in non-resource-based cities, first and second tier cities, and cities in the eastern region (2). The construction of network infrastructure plays a restraining role on local environmental pollution. Due to the insufficient level of regional linkage and the siphon effect of pilot cities, the spatial spillover characteristics of the pollution reduction effect are not obvious (3). The mechanism of action shows that green innovation is an important mediating effect mechanism for network infrastructure construction to reduce environmental pollution. Cities in regions with high degree of marketization and environmental regulation can strengthen the effect of network infrastructure construction on environmental pollution reduction. The research conclusions are conducive to accelerating the development of the digital economy represented by the construction of network infrastructure and provide a useful reference for promoting the level of environmental pollution reduction and achieving high-quality development.