华丰煤矿循环经济园模式建设

发展知识经济和循环经济,是世纪之交国际社会的两大趋势。知识经济就是在经济运行过程中智力资源对物质资源的替代,实现经济活动的知识化转向;循环经济则是按照生态规律利用自然资源和环境容量,实现经济活动的生态化转向。发达国家正在把发展循环经济、建立循环型社会看作是实施可持续发展战略的重要途径和实现方式。对我国来说,促进循环经济和知识经济的结合,建设循环经济或生态工业园区是走新兴工业化道路之必须。新汶矿业集团华丰煤矿通过煤矸石、矿井水等资源的综合利用,促进了循环经济的发展,保护了生态环境。     

滨湖煤矿矿井水生态化利用

从某种意义上说,并不存在真正的废物,只有放错地方的资源。能把这些资源有效地重新利用起来,是企业履行社会责任,助推建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的有效途径。山东省枣庄矿业集团滨湖煤矿利用矿井水处理、矿井水梯级利用和水源热泵等技术,建立了矿井水生态化利用系统,构建了矿区生态建设新模式,实现了资源的合理开发与利用。     

在矿井水处理和利用上应纠正的一种错误说法

煤矿矿井水资源化在煤炭系统有了长足的发展,它表现在人们对矿井水作为一种资源的认可和提高;矿井水水质特征的基本掌握;水处理工艺的研究和综合利用的实践。但近几年看了一些设计院矿井初步设计说明书,看了《煤矿环境保护》杂志和某些技术交流会上关于矿井水处理和利用的论文,发     

新集二矿矿井水资源化利用

随着新集二矿矿业生产的持续发展，矿区生产和生活用水量日趋紧缺，解决缺水问题的唯一途径是合理开发，利用矿井水资源。本文根据该矿矿井水处理和综合利用情况，说明矿井水作为宝贵的可利用资源，其开发和利用，具有良好的社会、环境和经济效益。     

潘二矿矿井奥灰水热能利用可行性研究

针对潘二矿现有矿井水处理利用与供暖方式存在的问题,分析了传统燃煤小锅炉对空气环境的污染,论证了矿井水热能替代燃煤锅炉供暖和矿井生产的可行性。分析认为:利用矿井疏放奥灰水提取热能替代燃煤锅炉采暖和矿井生产供热,可充分利用矿井水余热资源;以潘二矿为例,采用奥灰水热能替代现有燃煤锅炉供暖,每年可节省运行费用601.2万元,减少的烟尘、SO_2、NO_x排放量分别280 t、40 t和60 t。     

煤矿污水处理工艺改造实例分析

对某一煤矿污水处理现有工艺存在的问题进行分析、探讨,根据煤炭行业环保要求及技术政策,对现有工艺进行有针对性技术改造。改造完成后,生活污水达到了《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）一级排放标准的要求;矿井水满足《工业循环冷却水处理设计规范》（GB50050-2007）对水质的要求,可用于电厂循环冷却水的补给及矿区生产,实现了矿井水的资源化。     

东滩煤矿水资源梯级利用处理工艺与模式研究

东滩煤矿水资源包括深井水和矿井水,根据水源水质特征,将深井水和矿井水处理后最终作为直饮水、井下生产用水、电厂循环冷却水、电厂化水车间用水。实现了水资源的梯级利用,节约了水资源,保护了矿区环境。文中介绍了直饮水处理、矿井水净化处理、矿井水深度处理、生活污水二级生化处理、生活污水深度处理的处理规模、进水和出水水质、工艺流程等内容,并给出了水资源梯级利用模式,供其他类似矿区借鉴。     

循环经济的出发点——以日本水循环经济为例

随着党的十七大的胜利召开,生态经济与科学发展观的和谐统一更加深入人心。中国经济正在全面进入新一轮的转轨时期,即由经济增长追求型向可持续发展性经济迈进,可持续发展和循环经济的建设成为一个时代主题。日本是建设循环经济的先进国家,而其循环经济建设由水环境保护开始。循环经济倡导一种基于不断循环利用资源的发展模式。日本经济发展模式在发展过程中从“经济优先”走向“环境优先”,进而成为日本循环经济建设的出发点,对中国有很强的借鉴作用。     

循环经济:模式创新破解资源短缺困局

正循环经济是经济发展新常态下转变增长方式、实现可持续发展的必然选择。发展循环经济需改变过去"单程式"的思维方式,倡导一种既不会使资源枯竭,又不会造成环境污染、生态破坏,能循环使用各种物质资源的"循环式"发展模式。发展循环经济要确立企业小循环、园区中循环、社会大循环的循环经济发展体系,加快补齐循环经济发展中的技术短板,引进国际先进的废弃物分离和     

无机陶瓷膜处理矿井水工艺研究及应用探讨

作为膜处理技术的一项新兴技术-陶瓷膜,也称CT膜,是固态无机膜的一种,因其具有化学稳定性好,耐酸、耐碱、耐有机溶剂;机械强度大,可反向冲洗等特点,近年来在环境工程等领域得到了广泛的应用。无机陶瓷膜处理矿井水工艺是一种纯粹的物理净化工艺,不需要人为添加任何化工药剂,可直接将矿井原水处理成饮用水。其先进性是其它工艺不可比拟的。该工艺处理矿井水不但解决了矿井水外排构成的环境污染问题,且使矿井水得到了资源化利用。随着国家对环保的高度重视,必将淘汰使用大量化工药剂造成环境隐患的矿井水处理工艺。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.     

Organochlorine pesticides in soils under different land usage in the Taihu Lake region, China

A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX (DDD, DDE and DDT) had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT in soils under three land usages were: paddy field ＞ tree land ＞ fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT ＞1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes.     

Alterations of organ histopathology and metallolhionein mRNA expression in silver barb, Puntius gonionotus during subchronic cadmium exposure

Common silver barb,Puntius gonionotus,exposed to the nominal concentration of 0.06 mg/L Cd for 60 d,were assessed for histopathological alterations(gills,liver and kidney),metal accumulation,and metallothionein(MT)mRNA expression.Fish exhibited pathological symptoms such as hypertrophy and hyperplasia of primary and secondary gill lamellae,vacuolization in hepatocytes,and prominent tubular and glomerular damage in the kidney.In addition,kidney accumulated the highest content of cadmium,more than gills and liver.Expression of MT mRNA was increased in both liver and kidney of treated fish.Hepatic MT levels remained high after fish were removed to Cd-free water.In contrast,MT expression in kidney was peaked after 28 d of treatment and drastically dropped when fish were removed to Cd-free water.The high concentrations of Cd in hepatic tissues indicated an accumulation site or permanent damage on this tissue.