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1.
To select a marine teleost fish which can be used as a bioindicator of cadmium (Cd) pollution in the Gulf of Gabes in Tunisia, Cd concentrations in liver and gill were compared in three benthic fish species including Salaria basilisca, Zosterisessor ophiocephalus and Solea vulgaris. Fish samples were collected from three selected sites in the Gulf of Gabes, with different degrees of Cd contamination: the industrialized coast of Sfax (S1), the coast of Douar Chart (S2) and the coast of Luza ($3). The results shows that Cd concentrations in both sediment and water collected from S1 were significantly higher (p<0.0001) than those from S2 and $3. For each species, Cd concentrations, in both liver and gill, showed the decreasing order: S1>S2>S3. The highest concentration of Cd was detected in the liver of S. basilisca, and only S. basilisca showed bioaccumulation factors (BAF) greater than 1 in all studied sites. In S1 and S2, BAF values respect the following order: S. basilisca>Z. ophiocephalus>S. vulgaris. These results of significant bioaccumulation of Cd, in terms of hepatic concentrations and bioaccamulation factors, indicated that S. basilisca can be used as bioindicator to evaluate the evolution of Cd pollution in the Gulf of Gahes.  相似文献   

2.
The present study tested the sensitivity of Salaria basilisca to water-cadmium (Cd) contamination. For this purpose, liver somaticindex (LSI), Cd concentrations and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) andglutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured in the liver of S. basilisca exposed to Cd-contaminated water (2 mg Cd/L as CdCl2)for 14 and 28 d. The results showed that the LSI decreased significantly after 14 and 28 d of Cd-exposure. Cd bioaccumulation in theliver resulted in an increasing uptake up to 42 g/g dry weight after 28 d of exposure. Activities of CAT and SOD were significantlyincreased with increasing exposure time. A significant increase in GSH-Px activity, under Cd influence, was observed during 14-dayexposure period (p < 0.0001). However, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in this activity with respect to control fish was registeredafter 28 d of Cd-exposure. These results showed that Cd accumulation in the liver of S. basilisca could induce oxidative stress asdemonstrated by changes in the antioxidant enzyme activities. Results also emphasized that S. basilisca may considered as a sensitivespecies to Cd exposure.  相似文献   

3.
某些绿藻对镉的富集作用及其毒性反应   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
研究了两种绿藻——蛋白核小球藻和斜生栅藻对镉污染的反应以及对镉吸收富集的规律.结果表明,绿藻对镉有较强的富集能力,毒性敏感,随着体内镉浓度的增加,生长及发育受阻,是较好的监测植物.  相似文献   

4.
土壤镉暴露对玉米和大豆的生态毒性评估   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13       下载免费PDF全文
以中国东北黑土为培养基,通过室内急性毒性实验,采用Trimmed Spearman-Karber方法计算EC50值(半抑制浓度),并分析作物的生物累积系数(BAF),定量化评估了土壤中镉对玉米和大豆的生态毒性及生物有效性.测量终点为种子发芽率、根长和幼茎长.结果表明,土壤镉暴露给农作物带来一定的负生长效应.种子发芽率不是评估土壤镉生态毒性的敏感因子,根生长是敏感的毒性测量终点.镉在植株体内的累积及迁移与作物种类和土壤镉浓度有关.玉米植株体内累积了较大量的镉,而大豆植株体内镉由根向幼茎的迁移较为显著.  相似文献   

5.
    
Humic acid is an important pool of heavy metals in sediments.Generally,the presence of refractory humic matter in aquatic systems would decrease the bioavailability of Cd and hence control the bioaccumulation of Cd in benthic animals.In the present work,we applied a suspending system to determine the relative importance of particulate and dissolved fractions of humic acid as Cd sources for the bivalve Meretrix meretrix and to investigate the difference of bioaccumulation characteristics of Cd adsorbed on di...  相似文献   

6.
为研究棉花秸秆生物质炭添加对碱性水稻土壤-水稻体系中镉迁移转化的影响,通过室外盆栽试验,以水稻品种特丰优2号为试验材料,在添加外源镉含量为0、 1、 4和8 mg·kg-1的碱性水稻土中分别施入炭土质量比分别为0%、 1%、 2.5%和5%的棉花秸秆生物质炭,待水稻收获后,分析不同含量镉胁迫处理下,施用不同量棉秆炭对碱性水稻土壤pH、养分和水稻体内镉富集、转移情况及镉在土壤中的赋存形态的影响.结果表明:①添加棉秆炭可以显著提高土壤养分(P<0.05),其中5%量的棉秆炭添加后,相比于对照组土壤有机质增加了25.74~47.53%,速效钾提高了3.16~4.25倍.②施用生物质炭可以显著降低土壤及水稻体内镉含量(P<0.05),尤其5%量的棉秆炭施用后,Cd4和Cd8含量下糙米镉含量分别由0.31 mg·kg-1和0.43 mg·kg-1降低到0.15 mg·kg-1和0.10 mg·kg-1,达到国家标准范围.生物质炭可以显著降低镉在土壤-水稻体系的富集、转移系数,...  相似文献   

7.
A pot experiment was conducted to study the bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium (Cd) in cole (Brassica campestris L.)and celery (Apium graveolens) grown in the Cd-polluted oasis soil, Northwest of China. The results showed that Cd in the unpollutedoasis soil was mainly bound to carbonate fraction (F2) and Fe-Mn oxide fraction (F3). However, marked change of Cd fractions wasobserved with increasing soil Cd concentrations, in which the concentration of Cd in F1 (exchangeable fraction), F2 and F3 increasedsignificantly (p < 0.001 for F1, F2 and F3). The growth of cole and celery could be facilitated by low concentrations of Cd, but inhibitedby high concentrations. The correlation analysis between the fraction distribution coefficient of Cd in the soil and Cd concentrationaccumulated in the two vegetables showed that Cd in F1 in the soil made the greatest contribution on the accumulation of Cd in thetwo vegetables. The high bio-concentration factor and the translocation factor of Cd in both cole and celery were observed, and Cdhad higher accumulation in the edible parts of the two vegetables. Therefore, both cole and celery grown in Cd-polluted oasis soilhave higher risk to human health. And the two vegetables are not suitable to be cultivated as vegetables consumed by human in theCd-polluted oasis soil.  相似文献   

8.
大型海藻对重金属镉、铜的富集动力学研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以人工培育的龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)活体为实验材料,在低浓度Cu2+、Cd2+污染水体中,进行龙须菜对Cu、Cd富集的模拟实验,探索龙须菜对Cu、Cd的污染水体的修复,以及龙须菜食品的安全性.应用两箱动力学模型,对实验结果进行了曲线拟合,对拟合优度进行检验.结果表明,在本实验条件下,龙须菜对重金属Cu、Cd的生物累积符合两箱动力学模型,并获得龙须菜富集Cu、Cd的吸收速率常数(Ku)和排出速率常数(Kc).当Cu2+的浓度£50mg/L、Cd2+的浓度£20mg/L时,经过28 d的暴露,随Cu2+、Cd2+的暴露浓度以及暴露时间增大,龙须菜中Cu、Cd的含量升高.龙须菜对Cu、Cd的吸收速率常数分别为15.4~51.1和13.9~55.7,基本随实验水体中元素的暴露浓度升高而降低;排出速率常数分别为0.023~0.070和0.030~0.050,与暴露浓度无明显相关性.理论平衡状态下龙须菜中Cu、Cd含量(质量分数)随水体中暴露浓度升高而增加.龙须菜对Cu、Cd的生物富集因子分别为663~1008和463~1113,Cu、Cd的生物半衰期分别为23.1 d和20.1d.  相似文献   

9.
陈洁  王娟  王怡雯  姚启星  苏德纯 《环境科学》2021,42(4):2031-2039
农作物的Cd富集系数(BCF)受多种因素影响.为明确田间条件下不同农作物的Cd富集系数特征差异及土壤性质对其影响,分别在我国水稻、小麦和玉米主产区不同污染程度的地块上作物收获期采集土壤和作物籽粒点对点样品,研究水稻、小麦、夏玉米和春玉米的Cd富集系数特征及土壤性质对不同农作物的Cd富集系数的影响,并通过多元回归方程建立...  相似文献   

10.
突发镉污染事件能引起江河水体恶化,破坏水生态环境和威胁人类健康.本研究为证实突发镉污染事件引起生态环境风险,以不同类型鱼类以及鱼类不同组织器官为研究对象,分别前后6次对龙江进行采样调查,并对各鱼类根据水层和食性进行分类及分析.调查结果表明,前3次调查鱼类肌肉镉含量显著高于后3次调查鱼类肌肉镉含量;草食性,肉食性和杂食性鱼类不同组织器官镉的含量大小均可排序为:肾肝肠鳃卵鳞≈肌肉,且3种类型肾的镉含量均显著高于其他任何组织器官(P0.05);鱼类同一组织器官镉的含量根据不同水层鱼类依次为:底层鱼类中下层鱼类中上层鱼类.不同食性鱼类肌肉中镉平均富集系数BAF从大到小依次为杂食性,肉食性和草食性,分别为8.32、6.33和5.15;不同生活水层鱼类肌肉中镉平均富集系数大小排序为:底层鱼类(8.18)中下层鱼类(7.70)中上层鱼类(4.99).  相似文献   

11.
不同冬小麦品种镉富集转运及离子组特征差异   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
为揭示影响冬小麦籽粒镉(Cd)含量品种差异的关键因素,通过大田试验种植3种Cd低积累小麦和2种Cd高积累小麦,研究不同品种各器官Cd的富集转运特征及离子组特征,并通过相关性分析和主成分分析探讨造成不同冬小麦品种籽粒Cd含量差异的关键器官、关键过程及关键元素.结果表明,颖壳、穗轴、节间1和节点1等器官的Cd富集系数,以及...  相似文献   

12.
北京市菜地土壤和蔬菜镉含量及其健康风险分析   总被引:81,自引:3,他引:81       下载免费PDF全文
通过对北京市蔬菜和菜地土壤镉含量状况进行大规模调查,研究了蔬菜和土壤镉含量及其健康风险,并筛选出抗镉污染能力强的蔬菜品种.根据蔬菜的消费量同时兼顾品种多样性的原则,在北京市规模化蔬菜栽培基地(采集蔬菜及土壤样品)和蔬菜批发市场(蔬菜样品)共采集97种蔬菜363个样品和54个土壤样品.研究发现:北京市菜地土壤镉积累明显,其范围为0.091~0.971mg·kg-1,其算术均值和Box-Cox均值分别为0.229和0.187mg·kg-1,其中有两个样点土壤镉含量(0.971和0.886mg·kg-1)超过《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618-1995)中的二级标准(0.6mg·kg-1);北京市蔬菜镉含量范围、算术均值和Box-Cox均值分别为0.1~101.4、12.8和10.0μg·kg-1;叶菜类和根茎类蔬菜的镉平均含量显著高于瓜果类和特菜;北京市本地产蔬菜与市售外地产蔬菜的镉含量没有显著差异;裸露地蔬菜镉含量显著高于设施蔬菜;小白菜、辣椒、茄子、萝卜和大白菜镉富集系数较高,其抗镉污染能力较弱,而冬瓜、黄瓜、叶甜菜、大葱、云架豆、甘蓝、西红柿等镉富集系数较低,其抗镉污染能力较强.北京市居民每人从蔬菜中摄入镉的量为12.2μg·d-1,蔬菜镉对北京市部分人群存在一定的潜在健康风险.  相似文献   

13.
研究探讨了5种野生牛肝菌(灰褐牛肝菌,双色牛肝菌,全褐牛肝菌,美味牛肝菌,皱盖疣柄牛肝菌)对重金属Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu和Hg的富集特征。结果表明:5种牛肝菌子实体Cd含量为<0.10~19.00 mg/kg,Pb的含量为<0.10~9.34 mg/kg,Zn、Cu和Hg含量为0.000 09~0.1mg/kg。5种牛肝菌子实体中Cd、Pb和Hg含量均超标。与牛肝菌子实体相比,Cd和Pb在牛肝菌非菌根根和菌根根中含量处于中等偏高水平。在牛肝菌子实体中,除Pb外,Cd、Zn、Cu和Hg更易向灰褐牛肝菌子实体的菌盖中迁移。Cd、Pb、Zn、Cu和Hg更易于富集在全褐牛肝菌、美味牛肝菌和皱盖疣柄牛肝菌子实体的菌盖中;Zn和Cu容易富集于双色牛肝菌菌盖,Cd、Pb和Hg更容易富集于双色牛肝菌柄。5种牛肝菌对Cd的富集能力最强,生物富集系数(Bioaccumulation factor,BCF)范围为1.00~79.17。对Pb和Hg的BCF分别在0.010~0.18和0.10~0.38;对Zn和Cu的BCF不足0.001。生长牛肝菌的土壤Cd含量提高,从不足0.1 mg/kg提高到(0.24±0.04)mg/kg,Pb含量从(52±3)mg/kg提高到(53±3)mg/kg,而Zn含量从(94±6)mg/kg降低到(61±5)mg/kg,Cu含量从(26±5.6)mg/kg升高至(40±5.57)mg/kg,对Hg含量影响不大。  相似文献   

14.
采用盆栽试验研究了重金属Cd(20 mg·kg-1)污染下,黑麦草-丛枝菌根对2个番茄品种生长、叶和根丙二醛(MDA)含量、抗氧化酶活性、Cd积累及化学形态的影响.结果表明,番茄果实干重和植株总干重、叶和根抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛含量、植株各部位Cd含量及积累量在不同品种和处理间的差异达到显著性水平.黑麦草和丛枝菌根单一或复合修复显著提高了2个番茄品种的果实、根、茎、叶及总干重,降低了叶和根的MDA含量及过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性.黑麦草和丛枝菌根单一或复合修复降低了2个番茄品种果实中Cd提取总量和各形态Cd含量,降幅分别为19.4%~52.4%、31.0%~75.2%、19.7%~59.1%、3.1%~48.2%、20.0%~65.0%、40.7%~100.0%和15.2%~50.0%.Cd主要积累在番茄的叶和茎,果实和根积累较少.黑麦草和丛枝菌根单一或复合修复不同程度降低了番茄果实、叶、茎和根中的Cd含量;减少了茎Cd积累量和植株全Cd量.\"Cd+黑麦草+丛枝菌根\"处理还减少了2个番茄品种果实的Cd积累量,降幅分别为42.9%和43.7%.供试2个番茄品种,以\"洛贝琪\"对Cd的耐性和抗性较强,果实Cd含量和积累量及植株Cd总积累量则以\"洛贝琪\"<\"德福mm-8\".  相似文献   

15.
镉免疫毒性机理的初步探讨   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11  
从免疫细胞功能调控因素初步探讨镉免疫毒性机理0.3-2.4mg/kg/d氯化镉连续给小鼠灌胃14d,观察免疫器官重量及免疫功能、淋巴细胞内钙离子浓度、钙调素(CaM)含量、巨噬细胞内NO、O2、H2O2变化。结果是0.3-2.4mg/kg/d氯化镉对免疫器官重量未见有明显影响,但0.3mg/kg/d组腹腔灌洗液巨噬细胞总数减少、体液免疫和巨噬细胞吞噬功能抑制,淋巴细胞胞内钙离于增加、钙调素呈下降趋势,巨噬细胞NO生成、O2减少、H2O2有减少趋势体外试验50μmol/L氯化镉出现抑制淋巴细胞转化、IL-2减少、胞内钙离子增加、CaM含量降低趋势认为镉免疫毒性可能与其引起淋巴细胞钙稳态失衡密切相关  相似文献   

16.
为探索工程改良、植物修复、钝化修复、拮抗修复、钝化-拮抗修复技术在污灌区镉(Cd)污染麦田安全利用工程中的应用效果,研究了上述5类技术在河南省某典型污灌区应用后小麦籽粒Cd含量、土壤Cd含量和小麦Cd富集程度。结果表明:拮抗-钝化单一或复合修复可通过影响小麦籽粒Cd的富集和土壤Cd含量来降低小麦受重金属Cd的污染,如施用适量磷基+铁基矿物复合材料可降低38%小麦籽粒Cd含量,施用适量磷基矿物材料B小麦籽粒Cd含量可降低27%~48%,2种处理修复效果显著;其他技术虽有一定修复效果,但并不显著。小麦Cd富集系数(PUFCd)可作为评价污灌区Cd污染麦田安全利用工程中技术应用效果的参考指标之一。  相似文献   

17.
辽东湾湿地重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价   总被引:16,自引:3,他引:16  
对辽东湾湿地采集的 1 6处水和 2 0处沉积物样品进行镉、铅、铜和锌含量分析 ,并用Haknson生态风险指数法对其污染程度进行潜在生态风险评价。结果表明 ,大凌河口、辽河口处污染程度和潜在生态风险略高 ,双台子河口及小凌河口等处污染程度及潜在生态风险较低。从总的污染程度看 ,各污染物对生态风险影响程度从大到小的顺序为 :Cd>Pb、Cu >Zn。  相似文献   

18.
    
Estimating regional geologic storage capacity potential for carbon dioxide will play an important role in determining the feasibility of widespread carbon capture and storage (CCS) programs in the United States and worldwide. The sandstone reservoirs of the Miocene Age located off the Texas coast in the northern Gulf of Mexico are a promising target for CCS due to favorable geologic properties (high porosity/permeability, effective traps and seals, etc.) and proximity to high carbon dioxide emission sources. The common method for regional storage capacity estimation involves the calculation of a pore volume which is modified by some discount or efficiency factor. Though efficiency factors have a large effect on calculated capacity, little work has been done to validate the use and effectiveness of these terms. In this paper we aim to provide an estimate for the storage potential of the coastal and offshore Texas Miocene interval using a common calculation methodology and to begin expanding on this calculation by developing and incorporating an additional sand picking refinement step. This step allows for an initial investigation into the accuracy and utility of typical efficiency factors and regional storage calculations. We find that in our study area, capacity that is calculated using the actual net sand thickness, or ‘net capacity’, is ∼25% less than capacity that is calculated using the total interval thickness, or ‘gross capacity’, though, ideally, the two should be equal. Discrepancies between the two calculations emphasize the large uncertainty inherent in efficiency factors and highlight the need for further investigation.  相似文献   

19.
多氯代二苯并-对-二噁的微生物降解   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
从多氯代二苯并-对-二噁(PCDDs)污染的土壤和含氧沉积物中分离筛选出8株降解PCDDs的菌株,均能以一氯代和二氯代二为单一碳源和能源生长并使其降解,多数几乎不能降解三氯代二噁.但是,用邻二氯苯作为初级营养共代谢物,可以增强菌株对较高氯代二噁(如三氯代和四氯代二噁)的降解能力.利用所筛选菌株中的1株,经鉴定为假单胞菌EE41(Pseudomonas sp.EE41).降解试验结果表明,1,2,3-TrCDD在浓度为1.2mg/L时3周内可降解33%,2,3,7,8-TCDD在0.1 mg/L时3周内最多可降解37.8%.试验的高氯代二噁(pCDD,H6-CDD,H7-CDD和OCDD)则只被菌体强烈吸收并积累,却不能被降解.  相似文献   

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IntroductionMandirtiestheairwithgasandsmoke ,poisonsthewaterwithchemicalsandothersubstances,anddamagesthesoilwithtoomanyfertilizersandpesticides .Peopleruintheearth’snaturalbeautybyscatteringjunkandlitteronthelandandinthewater.Thebadlypollutedaircancaus…  相似文献   

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