共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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针对油罐在检测、维修前须先将气相层可燃气体用氮气惰化到安全浓度,现场凭经验操作效率低且难以掌握氮气合理用量,容易造成氮气浪费或达不到安全浓度引发事故的问题,为确保惰化过程的安全经济,以常见拱顶储罐为例,首先利用改进后的公式法得出多组分可燃气体惰化效果评价指标;然后根据所得指标采用仿真对储罐气相层惰化过程进行数值模拟,并验证了仿真结果的正确性;最后采用仿真计算方法开展储罐气相层氮气惰化工艺参数的影响研究。研究结果表明:惰化效率与进口压力无关,只随进口流速变化,且大于1 m/s流速后,惰化效率已显著变化,此时可以增加进口管道数量,进一步提高惰化效率。理论研究结果可为现场实施提供参考和指导。 相似文献
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为解决高龄油气管罐事故多发且事故后果严重的问题,通过研究惰性气体保护封存技术,提出惰化系统氧浓度等级分级、氧浓度安全裕量设定原则以及极限氧浓度(LOC)测试方法;通过理论与试验相结合的方法,分析CO2、N2等2种惰化剂对液化石油气(LPG)爆炸极限与LOC的影响以及抑制机制,并基于此设定预警阈值。结果表明:随着CO2、N2量的增加,最大爆炸压力到达时间延时可达7倍,抑爆效果明显,2种惰化剂抑爆机制的不同主要体现在三元碰撞反应;当CO2充入量达到22%或N2充入量达到32%时,LPG处于完全惰化状态;根据试验结果,可设定LPG惰化系统在线和间断氧浓度监测时预警阀值。 相似文献
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浮顶油罐油气惰化防火防爆实验研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
对浮顶油罐的油气空间进行惰化,是一种新的油罐防火防爆方法。向浮顶油罐一、二次密封间的油气空间中加入氮气,可缩小浮顶油罐的一、二次密封之间环形空间油气的爆炸极限的范围。根据这一原理,通过模型实验对大型双重密封型浮顶油罐的油气空间进行了氮气惰化保护实验研究。实验结果表明油气空间内氮气的体积分数会随着氮气通入时间的增长而逐渐升高,油气的体积分数则逐渐降低。氮气通入开始一段时间,环形空间内氮气的体积分数会迅速上升,油气体积分数迅速下降。但随着氮气通入时间的增长,氮气体积分数的上升和油气体积分数的下降速度都会趋于平缓。另外当入口处氮气流量从27Nm3/h变化到54Nm3/h时,为使油气体积分数下降至油气爆炸下限1%所需氮气持续通入的时间也从300分钟左右下降至200分钟左右。 相似文献
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设计了预混气体载流雾化水惰化和抑制燃烧管实验台,对层流火焰的燃烧速度、稳定性及拉伸变形规律进行实验研究,分析了雾化水抑制和熄灭层流预混火焰的过程和机理,获得了雾化水惰化爆炸极限内甲烷和空气预混气体的特性。研究结果表明:浓度为7%的甲烷和空气预混气体,最小惰化雾化水通量为20.8ml/(m2.min);对于浓度为9%的甲烷和空气预混气体,最小惰化雾化水通量为32.9ml/(m2.min);对于浓度为11%的甲烷和空气的预混气体,最小惰化雾化水通量为44.6ml/(m2.min)。研究成果为雾化水熄灭甲烷火焰和抑制甲烷爆炸具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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为了研究R290制冷剂惰化燃爆特性,采用带搅拌功能和氧浓度在线测定的20L球试验装置,对R290制冷剂进行了极限氧浓度测定。实验测定了丙烷在CO2和N2惰化气氛中的爆炸极限及极限空气浓度LAC,确定丙烷的极限氧浓度LOC;采用三元图爆炸区、丙烷-O2二维图爆炸区和ASTM标准分布图分析了混合气体爆炸区边界的燃爆特征,给出了极限氧浓度的确定方法和边界爆炸压力分布规律。实验结果表明:常温常压下R290的爆炸极限为2.1%~9.6%,CO2惰化气氛中的极限氧浓度为13.3%,对应的丙烷浓度为3.3%;N2惰化气氛中的极限氧浓度为10.8%,对应的丙烷浓度为2.7%。通过对比分析不同CO2和N2浓度下的爆炸区分布特征,表明CO2对丙烷的惰化效果要优于N2,以氮气和二氧化氮体积分数比为1∶2测试惰化气氛保护能力,惰化效果介于同浓度单种惰性气体之间。 相似文献
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多元混合气体爆炸特性及惰化防爆研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了完善常见多元混合气体爆炸特性参数数据库,为安全工程师开展城镇燃气防爆管理、安全操作规程的制定及对废弃管道进行改造、拆除提供依据,采用理论和试验方法对CO2与N2两种惰性气体对液化石油气(LPG)爆炸特性参数的影响规律进行了研究,对比分析了两种惰化剂对LPG的抑爆效果。结果表明:LPG体积分数为4.0%、CO2体积分数为22%时,LPG可燃气退出爆炸区间,此时极限氧体积分数为15.54%;LPG体积分数为3.5%、N2体积分数为32%时,LPG可燃气退出爆炸区间,此时极限氧体积分数为13.545%;两种惰化剂对LPG爆炸特性的抑制规律基本相似,但CO2的抑制效果明显优于N2。当CO2和N2充入的体积分数均为20%时,最大爆炸压力到达时间分别由166 ms延长到1 222 ms和826.30 ms;两种惰化剂用量在体积分数大于10%之前,对最大爆炸压力到达时间的影响均较小,因此在工程应用中采用惰化方式抑爆,惰化剂充入的体积分数需高于10%。 相似文献
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介绍了可燃气体和易燃液体储罐的压力惰化操作过程及过程中气体组成的变化规律,讨论了惰化操作结束时氧气的控制目标浓度及极限氧气浓度的求取方法,推导出了预测压力惰化过程循环次数的计算公式,并在控制目标浓度从0.0001%-10%、充气压力300—600kPa的参数条件下,100m^3储罐压力惰化所需的循环次数,根据理想气体状态方程,推导了惰化所需氮气用量的计算公式,并计算出在不同操作压力和不同循环次数时的氮气用量。该方法可用于惰化处理过程的设计与计算。 相似文献
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池火灾热辐射下的最小安全距离 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:6
防火间距是石油化工企业平面设计中的一个重要参数,笔者旨在从流体力学角度研究池火灾发生情况下邻罐之间最小安全距离,从而给防火间距的制定提供依据.辐射是储罐区池火灾的主要传热方式,作者对池火灾形状以及介质辐射吸收性质进行了适当的简化,用CFD软件Fluent对丙烷液化烃储罐池火灾热辐射进行了数值模拟.模拟结果表明对于锰钢材料、内径为12 410 mm液化烃压力储罐,稳态池火灾情况下,相邻两储罐之间的最小安全距离为15m. 相似文献
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To reveal the effects of different inert gases on explosion characteristics during low density polyethylene (LDPE) dust explosion and optimize the explosion-proof process, eight N2 (CO2)/air mixed inerting conditions were experimentally studied. Typical inerting conditions with 12 L cylindrical explosive tank were used to study the characteristics on the flame propagation. The thermogravimetric analysis with related theories were used to further explain the mechanism and quantities in low density polyethylene (LDPE) dust explosion with different inert gases. The results showed that the reduction of O2 concentration could effectively delay the progress of flame growth process and weaken the effect of dust combustion reaction. The flame growth process of condition (N2/air (18% O2)) was 2.05 times slower than that of the non-inert condition. The explosion strength was obviously reduced, and the characteristic parameters such as explosion pressure and flame propagation speed were also affected by the decrease of O2 concentration. For LDPE powder, the smaller the median diameter, the greater the explosion intensity and the lower the limiting oxygen content (LOC). The LOC with CO2 was usually higher than that with N2 and the effect of CO2 was significantly better than N2 in inerting. 相似文献
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球罐内甲烷气体泄漏形成的可燃气云规律研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于计算流动动力学(CFD)方法,以Fluent软件为平台,以大连新港某球罐区为研究对象,建立真实尺寸的球罐内可燃气体泄漏扩散数值模拟模型,分析甲烷扩散规律及可燃气云尺度.提出采用可燃气云稳定状态时的水平方向长度Lmax、竖直方向高度Dmax作为尺度的衡量参数,用以评估可燃气云区域的大小.探讨初始压力、泄漏孔径、正风向风速对尺度参数Lmax和Dmax的影响规律,并对比可燃气体种类对尺度参数的影响.结果表明:甲烷以临界状态通过泄漏孔时,初始压力对Lmax和Dmax的影响可以忽略;Lmax和Dmax随泄漏孔径增加而线性增大,但随正风向风速增加而线性减小;相同泄漏扩散条件下,氢气泄漏引起的可燃气云范围最大,甲烷次之,丙烷最小. 相似文献
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Niansheng KuaiJianming Li Zhi ChenWeixing Huang Jingjie YuanWenqing Xu 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2011,24(4):302-313
An experimental investigation was carried out on magnesium dust explosions. Tests of explosion severity, flammability limit and solid inerting were conducted thanks to the Siwek 20 L vessel and influences of dust concentration, particle size, ignition energy, initial pressure and added inertant were taken into account. That magnesium dust is more of an explosion hazard than coal dust is confirmed and quantified by contrastive investigation. The Chinese procedure GB/T 16425 is overly conservative for LEL determination while EN 14034-3 yields realistic LEL data. It is also suggested that 2000-5000 J is the most appropriate ignition energy to use in the LEL determination of magnesium dusts, using the 20 L vessel. It is essential to point out that the overdriving phenomenon usually occurs for carbonaceous and less volatile metal materials is not notable for magnesium dusts. Trends of faster burning velocity and more efficient and adiabatic flame propagation are associated with fuel-rich dust clouds, smaller particles and hyperbaric conditions. Moreover, Inerting effectiveness of CaCO3 appears to be higher than KCl values on thermodynamics, whereas KCl represents higher effectiveness upon kinetics. Finer inertant shows better inerting effectiveness. 相似文献
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为有效预警原油储备区储罐气体泄漏,制定气体探测器布置优化方案,以某大型原油站库为例,基于CFD法和FLACS软件模拟原油泄漏及可燃蒸汽云溢散分布,通过分析蒸汽云扩散规律,实现全方位气体探测器优化布置.结果表明:原油储罐区探测器分别布置在区块21-2、6-1、31-1、40-2,且每个罐组总计布置16处;优化设置方案可满... 相似文献
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Explosion prevention is vital for process safety and daily life. In practice, inerting is viewed as an ideal method to reach basic explosion prevention as well as to diminish flammability risk in normal operation, storage, and transportation of materials. This study deals with the inerting effect on the explosion range for methane via grey entropy model, comparatively detected under the different inert gases of nitrogen (N2), argon (Ar), and carbon dioxide (CO2), which have various loading inerting concentrations: 10 (90 vol% air), 20 (80 vol% air) and 25 vol% (75 vol% air). The inert influences were determined via the experimental 20-L-apparatus investigations under 1 atm, 30 OC, combined with the grey entropy model, which is one of the most prevailingly used grey system theories for weighting analysis and decision-making of the fire and explosion assessment for practical operations. The results indicated that CO2 had better inerting capacity than the others, as derived from our grey entropy theoretical soft computing calculations. Through the combination of the grey entropy weighting analysis model and the flammability investigations in this study, the concluded decision-making was feasible and useful for the practical applications of inert gases for preventing fire and explosion hazards in relevant processes. 相似文献
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As a useful method of preventing dust explosions, nitrogen (N2), an incombustible gas, has been applied to an explosive atmosphere. This paper is a report that quantitatively determines whether the minimum ignition energy of powder depends on the nitrogen (or oxygen) concentration in the air. Hartman vertical-tube apparatus and six sample powders were used in this study. The results show that the minimum ignition energies of all of the powders used in this study increased with increased amounts of N2 in the air. However, the effects were different in all of the sample powders. We finally suggest that the N2 concentration of 84% (or above) prevents dust explosions due to electrostatic discharges in the industrial process with the sample powders used in this experiment. 相似文献
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To investigate the effect of Al2O3 particle size on an aluminum explosion, the overpressure and flame velocity in a vertical duct were evaluated. The results show that the inhibitory effect of submicron Al2O3 is best, while the inhibitory effect increases with increasing inerting ratio. However, the inhibitory effect of micron Al2O3 does not increase significantly after the inerting ratio exceeds 40%. For high-concentration aluminum powder, 0.8 μm Al2O3 with an inerting ratio less than 20% promotes aluminum explosion. As the inerting ratio increases beyond 20%, however, the overpressure decreases. Furthermore, Al2O3 inhibits the formation of the intermediate product AlO and decreases the flame brightness. As the inerting ratio of 0.8 μm Al2O3 reaches 50%, the white patches in the flame image disappear. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the explosion products agglomerate and some dot-like protrusions appear on the surface of the unburned aluminum particles. The inhibition mechanism was qualitatively investigated. Physical heat absorption is proven to play a limited role. Thermal radiation and chemical inhibition play a key role. The chemical effect mainly influences the surface reaction energy source. 相似文献