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正全国开展工程项目招投标领域营商环境专项整治工作为消除招投标过程中对不同所有制企业设置的各类不合理限制和壁垒,维护公平竞争的市场秩序,8月26日,国家发展改革委、工业和信息化部等八部门印发《工程项目招投标领域营商环境专项整治工作方案》,决定在全国开展工程项目招投标领域营商环境专项整治工作。     

国家计委关于印发《招标代理服务收费管理暂行办法》的通知

国家计委于１０月１５日以计价格犤２００２犦１９８０号文件印发《招标代理服务收费管理暂行办法》的通知。通知指出：为规范招标代理服务收费行为，维护招标人、投标人和招标代理机构的合法权益，促进招标代理行业的健康发展，我委制定了《招标代理服务收费管理暂行办法》（以下简称《办法》），现印发给你们，请按照执行。根据《国家计委、财政部关于整顿招标投标收费的通知》（计价格犤２００２犦５２０号）规定，实行由中标人付费的机电设备招标代理服务，可暂按现行有关规定执行，至２００４年１月１日统一执行委托人付费。机电设备招…     

垃圾焚烧项目的市场竞争问题与对策研究

垃圾焚烧行业市场竞争激烈,存在低价竞争等问题,影响了垃圾焚烧处理设施的稳定达标运行。文章分析了低价竞争行为的主要影响与原因,建议从招投标、合同履约、建设运行监管等关键环节,采取倒逼和引导双重措施,提出严格监管与责任追究、推行按效付费、完善招投标与履约、建立行业规范引导等相关政策建议,以期为垃圾焚烧行业有序发展提供借鉴。     

工程项目投标报价优化方法

随着市场经济体制的建立与完善，投标竞争越来越激烈，要在投标竞争中取胜，制定合理的投标报价策略就显得尤为重要，本文探讨了运用概率分析方法，针对不同的竞争对手进行投标报价的技术与方法。     

论我国环境管理方式的变迁

为保证环境管理顺利进行，实现管理的目标，必须采取有效的管理手段，从不同角度（如按形成时间、适用范围、调控或保护对象）将环境管理的手段作不同的分类。按其性质，一般而言，主要可以分为行政手段、经济手段、法律手段、科学技术手段和宣传教育手段等。在新老政治经济体制转变的时期，环境管理的方式也经历了从着重行政手段到全面采用经济手段、法律手段、科学技术手段和宣传手段的转变。本文拟探讨行政手段在环境管理中的利弊及经济手段兴起的必然性，并介绍几种主要的环境管理经济手段。一、行政手段在环境管理中的利弊行政手段是指…     

涉外工程招标投标快速自动报价决策运行系统

企业如何增强市场竞争能力,一直是当前企业管理的重要问题之一。就对外工程招标投标的重要竞争手段报价问题,提出了采用先进的计算机技术,开发出快捷准确的自动报价决策支持系统,以提高企业在未来ＷＴＯ环境中的竞争能力。     

投资商情

中国高新投资集团公司中国高新投资集团公司（简称“中国高新”）前身为国家计委轻纺出口产品基建项目招标办公室，负责轻纺出口产品基建项目的招投标及管理工作，１９８８年组建“轻纺出口产品投资公司”；１９９２年更名为“中国高新轻纺投资公司”，由国家计委直接联系管理；１９９９年划归中央企业工委直接管理，同年更名为“中国高新投资集团公司”。　　在十多年的创业、发展中，公司通过招投标方式，已在国内约３０个省（区）、市投资出口产品项目１１００余个，累计直接投入资金３３亿元，投资领域涉及轻工、纺织、化工、原材料等众…     

投资商情

中国高新 投资集团公司 中国高新投资集团公司（简称“中国高新”）前身为国家计委轻纺出口产品基建项目招标办公室,负责轻纺出口产品基建项目的招投标及管理工作,１９８８年组建“轻纺出口产品投资公司”;１９９２年更名为“中国高新轻纺投资公司”,由国家计委直接联系管理;１９９９年划归中央企业工委直接管理,同年更名为“中国高新投资集团公司”。 在十多年的创业、发展中,公司通过招投标方式,已在国内约３０个省（区）、市投资出口产品项目 １１００余个,累计直接投入资金３３亿元,投资领域涉及轻工、纺织、化工、原材料等众…     

投资商情

中国高新投资集团公司 中国高新投资集团公司（简称“中国高新”）前身为国家计委轻纺出口产品基建项目招标办公室,负责轻纺出口产品基建项目的招投标及管理工作,１９８８年组建“轻纺出口产品投资公司”;１９９２年更名为“中国高新轻纺投资公司”,由国家计委直接联系管理;１９９９年划归中央企业工委直接管理,同年更名为“中国高新投资集团公司”。 在十多年的创业、发展中,公司通过招投标方式,已在国内约３０个省（区）、市投资出口产品项目１１００余个,累计直接投入资金３３亿元,投资领域涉及轻工、纺织、化工、原材料等众多…     

投资商情

中国高新投资集团公司中国高新投资集团公司（简称“中国高新”）前身为国家计委轻纺出口产品基建项目招标办公室,负责轻纺出口产品基建项目的招投标及管理工作,１９８８年,组建“轻纺出口产品投资公司”;１９９２年更名为“中国高新轻纺投资公司”,由国家计委直接联系管理;１９９９年划归中央企业工委直接管理,同年更名为“中国高新投资集团公司”。　　在十多年的创业、发展中,公司通过招投标方式,已在国内约３０个省（区）、市投资出口产品项目１１００余个,累计直接投入资金３３亿元,投资领域涉及轻工、纺织、化工、原材料等…     

A Comparison of Contingent Valuation Methodology and Ecological Assessment as Techniques for Incorporating Ecological Goods into Land-use Decisions

Contingent valuation methodology (CVM) was used to elicit financial willingness-to-pay bids for five separate sites in southern Scotland. The sites were ranked in decreasing order of the willingness-to-pay to preserve the sites, and this ranking was compared with that obtained from an ecological evaluation of the sites. The major results of this analysis were threefold. Firstly the ranking of sites according to willingness-topay bids did not show good agreement with the ranking according to ecological assessments. Secondly the public valued the landscape, ease of access and openness of the study sites higher than species-related criteria, and finally although increased species richness appeared to provide increased utility to respondents, they were not willing to pay more for the provision of this good. These results suggest that the use of CVM for valuing ecological goods will produce different results to traditional ecological assessments. Although theoretically the provision of better information may increase the accuracy of the CVM results, this may not be easy to undertake in practice. Given these conclusions it is suggested that, given the current state of knowledge, CVM should not be utilized for aiding land-use decisions in the short term.     

Valuation of improved air quality in Utah County,USA

A contingent valuation approach was used to estimate maximum willingness-to-pay for improved air quality in Utah County. Respondents demonstrated a high rate of concern over poor air quality and averaged a willingness-to-pay of $37 per month per household. Noniterative openended questions were used successfully. No information bias was observed but benchmark values did influence bids. Willingness-to-pay for improved air quality was large for both sexes and across all income groups, ages, and occupations.     

Utilitarian killing,replacement, and rights

The ethical theory underlying much of our treatment of animals in agriculture and research is the moral agency view. It is assumed that only moral agents, or persons, are worthy of maximal moral significance, and that farm and laboratory animals are not moral agents. However, this view also excludes human non-persons from the moral community. Utilitarianism, which bids us maximize the amount of good (utility) in the world, is an alternative ethical theory. Although it has many merits, including impartiality and the extension of moral concern to all sentient beings, it also appears to have many morally unacceptable implications. In particular, it appears to sanction the killing of innocents when utility would be maximized, including cases in which we would deliberately kill and replace a being, as we typically do to animals on farms and in laboratories. I consider a number of ingenious recent attempts by utilitarians to defeat the killing and replaceability arguments, including the attempt to make a place for genuine moral rights within a utilitarian framework. I conclude that utilitarians cannot escape the killing and replaceability objections. Those who reject the restrictive moral agency view and find they cannot accept utilitarianism's unsavory implications must look to a different ethical theory to guide their treatment of humans and non-humans.     

Lease delay rights: Market valued permits and offshore leasing

Sealed bid auctions for offshore federal mineral holdings are a source of substantial litigation brought by environmental groups and the states against the US government. A basic utility maximizing model and explanations based on externalities and wealth seeking behaviour are used to predict a willingness to pay by interest groups to delay a lease on specific tracts. A method is developed that incorporates bids for delay into the auction process. Estimates of the minimum payment to delay a lease, based on data from two lease sales, are compared to the budget of selected environmental groups, states and local governments.     

江苏省商品有机肥推广应用补贴方式调查与分析研究

概述了我国有机肥产业发展及财政补贴现状。以江苏省商品有机肥推广应用补贴方式为例,探讨了地方政府通过实施企业招标、资格认证、评分审核等措施,扶持有机肥生产企业建设,在实现农业循环经济发展的同时保护生态环境,提高农民和企业参与的积极性。最后提出了借鉴江苏补贴模式,从经济上加大有机肥产业扶持力度,加强质量保证及服务保障体系建设,加强科技支撑、促进行业发展的政策建议。     

CAPITAL COSTS OF RURAL WATER SYSTEMS: AN EMPIRICAL APPROACH1

ABSTRACT: In the last two decades the federal government has provided substantial capital to construct rural water distribution systems. Loans at subsidized interest rates and front-end grants through the Farmers Home Administration have been the main source of this capital. Recent federal policy redirections have reduced substantially the availability of grants and subsidized loans. Because of design and material differences, capital cost estimates from urban systems are not uniformly applicable to rural water services. This study presents an econometric analysis of capital costs, using Illinois rural water system construction contract bids. Cost equations by systems components representing 90 percent of capital costs are estimated. The type of information developed here can be used in initial planning and optimization design models contributing to the efficient provision of rural water services.     

AN EVALUATION OF THE 1997 EDWARDS AQUIFER IRRIGATION SUSPENSION1

ABSTRACT: In early 1997, the Texas Edwards Aquifer Authority implemented a pilot Irrigation Suspension Program with the objectives of increasing springflow and providing relief to municipalities during drought. Irrigators were paid an average of $234 per acre to suspend water use, a price higher than regional land rental rates. Auction theory and program implementation details suggest that the program implementation partially caused inflated bids. The Irrigation Suspension Program is also compared to two alternative programs: (1) subsidizing more efficient irrigation technology and (2) buying land. The irrigation suspension is found to be more cost‐effective relative to subsidizing improved irrigation efficiency because it can be put in place only when aquifer levels are low. Land purchase is a cheaper alternative if the bid levels remain at the levels observed.     

Can you be bothered? The role of participant motivation in the valuation of species conservation measures

Group-based approaches to the elicitation of stated preferences are considered particularly suitable for valuing unfamiliar or complex environmental goods. While such exercises provide participants with detailed information and time to think and deliberate, they require a considerable degree of motivation from the respondents. Effects of motivation on willingness to pay (WTP) tend to be ignored within the valuation research community, although similar effects have been reported in psychological literature. In this study, a novel approach using video recordings and behaviour coding of participants in group-based Market Stall meetings was employed to measure motivation as well as its impact on WTP and the theoretical and convergent validity of stated WTP. Indicators of motivation correlated significantly with both WTP statements and their validity, with more motivated individuals stating higher and more valid bids. These findings suggest that the recognition of motivation is an important novel element of research into stated preferences, particularly with respect to usefulness and quality of WTP measures.     

农业面源污染治理探析——从新型肥料生产环节视角

化肥不合理施用带来的农业面源污染问题亟待治理,实践表明,绿色、高效、环保、优质的新型肥料是促进化肥减施增效的有效途径。本文以新型肥料为例,通过对肥料生产企业的实地调研,从肥料生产环节识别化肥减施增效工作推进中存在的问题。新型肥料在生产环节面临供给成本高、需求不足的困境,其主要原因是:新型肥料生产工序复杂,环保设施增加成本;按照国家产业目录,企业性质统一划分为化工企业,发展受到严重制约;新型肥料品种层出不穷,标准落后不匹配;新型肥料产品推广服务成本高。另外,政府低价招标有机肥,弊病丛生,扰乱正常市场秩序,降低企业生产优质新型肥料的积极性。为此本文建议,一方面应降低新型肥料生产和流通成本,另一方面应加强新型肥料宣传推广。     

Estimating the Benefits of Agri-environmental Policy: Econometric Issues in Open-ended Contingent Valuation Studies

This paper reports on an open-ended Contingent Valuation Method study of the conservation benefits of Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) in Scotland. The ESA scheme is a central component of agri-environmental policy in the UK, and an interesting policy question concerns the extent of non-market benefits generated by such ESAs. The econometric issues we raise in this paper revolve around bid curves. Bid curves are estimated in open-ended Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) studies for three reasons. These are: (1) as a test of theoretical validity; (2) as a test of discriminant validity; and (3) as a means of benefits transfer. Within the first and last of these aims, the partial relationship between willingness to pay (WTP) and independent variables such as income is of interest. There are several econometric issues involved in estimating such relationships, First, the selection process implicit in obtaining positive WTP bids should be explicitly modelled. Second, many CVM surveys suffer from item non-response with respect to 'sensitive' questions such as the respondent's income; these non-responses may be non-random in nature. Finally, it is possible to dis-aggregate the effect of marginal changes in, say, income on WTP into two elements, namely: an effect on the probability that the individual will be willing to pay something; and secondly, an effect on how much they are willing to pay.