东莞市污水处理厂升级改造工艺路线初探

针对东莞市38个污水处理厂的实际情况,通过对目前城市污水处理厂常用的二级处理工艺进行技术升级改造时可能采用的深度处理工艺技术的综合分析比较,推荐了NPR、CNR、人工湿地三种工艺作为尾水的深度处理备选技术,提出了东莞市污水处理厂升级改造应优先采用CNR工艺,并可为我国不同地区、不同发展时期满足不同的水质需求进行污水处理厂工艺升级改造提供技术支持。     

分散村落小型一体化污水处理可行性研究分析——以河北省丰宁满族自治县为例

为解决分散村落的农村污水处理问题，本文通过对河北省丰宁满族自治县的地理位置、农村人口的居住情况进行了调查。参考分散型生活污水小型净化槽处理设备研发与工程示范的科技成果，论证在本区域农村污水处理的工艺上，采用小型净化槽+小型生态处理池的一体化设施处理产生的生活污水是可行的，该工艺系统运行平稳，处理费用较低，操作方便，对处理分散村落的农村生活污水问题具有实现价值。     

水解-A2/O工艺处理区域工业污水的试验研究

区域工业污水由于污水种类复杂,特别是化工污水和医药化工污水等难处理污水占有-定比例时,会给污水处理带来-定的处理难度。本试验污水由印染污水、化工污水、化工医药污水和其他工业污水组成,所占的比例分别约为72．3％、8．8％、5．2％和13．7％。实验结果表明,污水经水解单元处理后B／C比值可以提高0．01～0．04。通过水解-初沉-A2／O-协同加药二沉工艺或水解-初沉-A2/O-二沉-加药终沉工艺处理后,出水可以达到GB8978—96《污水综合排放标准》的二级标准,但采用后者比较稳妥,便于日常的操作管理,可控性较好,有利于减少药剂耗量。     

钻井污水处理的物化工艺研究

对二级化学混凝、Fenton氧化与微孔膜过滤耦合技术工艺处理钻井污水进行了实验研究。首先通过对不同混凝剂的对比实验，确定了最佳混凝剂及试剂最佳投加量，探讨了耦合条件对处理出水COD的去除效果。实验结果表明，采用PAC和PFS的二级混凝、Fenton氧化与微孔膜过滤耦合技术工艺可使钻井污水COD去除率达到95％，其余各项指标亦达标。     

炼油污水深度处理回用工艺中阳离子树脂污染物脱除性能研究

实验考察了深度处理后的炼油污水用于锅炉时的性能状况,分析了污水化学需氧量(COD)、硬度对树脂吸附脱氨性能的影响。研究表明,在对炼油污水进行深度处理时,污水的COD、硬度严重影响树脂对氨、氮的吸附。树脂对硬度的吸附率高于对氨、氮的吸附率,稳态时树脂能使COD降低60%。树脂脱氨不适合于对炼油废水深度处理时作为脱氨的主要工艺,应置于深度处理的后段。氨、氮量及COD均被有效地降低后,再对水的硬度进行处理。     

人工湿地处理葡北站生活污水的探索与应用

结合中国石油吐哈油田公司葡北站的实际情况及对该站生活污水水质进行分析,并对几种常用的污水生化处理工艺进行比较,确定选用三级潜流型人工湿地处理该站生活污水。文章介绍了三级潜流型人工湿地污水处理系统的工艺特点、运行、维护及效果。经分析论证,利用人工湿地处理分散站的小排量生活污水,十分经济且有效,以较低的成本,实现了生活污水的优质处理,产生较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

生态过滤技术去除城镇污水氨氮的研究

生态过滤工艺是一种利用由微生物和以蚯蚓为代表的微型动物共同组成的人工生态系统对城镇污水中的氨氮进行降解和代谢的新型环保技术。该工艺由生物予处理和生态过滤组合而成。当城镇污水采用适当的生物予处理 ,生态滤池的水力负荷为 3 0m3 /m2 d时 ,该工艺处理城镇污水的氨氮去除率达 58%～ 70 % ,氨氮出水浓度为 1 0～ 1 5mg/L ,可达到国家一级排放标准。该工艺还具有比活性污泥法除氮工艺节约 60 %的能耗、 37 5%的造价、管理方便和污泥产率低等特点     

炼化一体化污水处理工艺设计与运行分析

针对炼化一体化污水处理工艺特点,结合水量、水质情况,选择了适合的炼油、化工污水处理与回用工艺处理流程,重点分析了各污水处理装置的工艺设计特色,包括根据水质不同采用不同的气浮及絮凝处理,在二沉池后设置承上启下的高密度沉淀池与V型滤池,回用水的双膜处理中选择浸没式超滤与一级三段反渗透,反渗透排水采用臭氧氧化加生物滤池的高效短流程。运行结果表明,一体化污水处理装置排水指标远优于GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》的一级标准,污水与雨水的回用率合计70%以上。     

长庆气田甲醇污水水质特点分析

长庆气田天然气开采加工过程中产生的甲醇污水水质复杂,区域差异大,只有正确认识甲醇污水水质特点,才能有针对性地进行甲醇污水处理工艺设计及运行管理,确保系统平稳、安全运行。文章分析了靖边气田、榆林气田、苏里格气田甲醇污水水质特点,对以上气田水质进行综合比较。应根据含醇污水水质特点,随着水质的变化进行相应的工艺调整。     

中水回用工艺应用实例分析

本文通过对厦门东纶织造有限公司污水及中水回用处理系统工艺的研究，证明整个系统方案可行、技术先进可靠、设计合理；建成后实现了污水资源化，节约用水，降低了单位产品的成本，有效地减少了排污总量。     

现阶段国内外城市固体废弃物的治理技术与治理概况

城市固体废弃物是人们在工业生产活动、生活活动及商业活动中所产生的固体废物,这种废物随着国民经济的发展、人口的增长、人民生活水平的提高,数量不断增加。它破坏了市容,污染环境,给人民健康带来了极大的危害,因此,需加以处置和处理。本文将系统地介绍现阶段国内外城市固体废弃物的现状及处理技术,并针对我国国情,提出合理化的处理方案。     

塔里木河上游及源流区草原荒漠化及其防治研究

加强生态环境保护和建设是西部大开发的战略重点。针对塔里木河流域环境恶化、草地开发利用失衡、草原荒漠化日趋严重的问题,提出具体规划和综合治理方案。     

迎评促建期间大学生思想政治工作的开展与思考

搞好大学生思想政治工作对促进学校的建设工作意义重大.针对当前我院迎评促建工作中的学生思想上存在的误区,应进一步加强宣传、加强思想政治工作队伍建设以及不断总结过去和创新现在,根据当前迎评促建工作的实际,采取一定措施.     

中小城市的光污染及防治对策

我国经济处于高速增长期,建设日新月异,中小城市的光污染问题日趋明显,防治显得十分重要。文章以中山市城区为例,对道路照明、建筑照明、广告照明、绿化照明,以及玻璃幕墙反射等光污染情况进行了调研和评价。根据中山市城区的光污染情况,从制定和完善光污染防治法规体系、加强规划和宏观管理、提高公众参与力度和监督力度、加大人才培养和政策扶持力度、加大清洁生产推广力度以及实施照明设计单位资质认证等多方面提出了对光污染的防治对策。     

环境、资源统计与核算

本文从国家实施可持续发展战略出发，分析了环境统计工作存在的问题。提出了可持续发展的环境，资源统计与核算的新概念。     

Bauxite and alumina: trends and prospects

During the past 25 years the bauxite and alumina industry has grown threefold creating major change in the industry structure and reducing the dominance of the majors. Australia has emerged as the leading producer with a major third party alumina market developed principally by Alcoa of Australia. Future growth while, less dramatic, is likely to be substantial requiring US$50 billion to fund new projects which will be concentrated in developing countries with large bauxite reserves and developed infrastructure.     

Smart and eco-cities in India and China

ABSTRACT

Smart and eco-cities have become important notions for thinking about urban futures. This article contributes to these ongoing debates about smart and eco-urbanism by focussing on recent urbanisation initiatives in Asia. Our study of India’s Smart Cities Mission launched under the administration of Narendra Modi and China’s All-In-One eco-cities project initiated by Xi Jinpin unfolds in two corresponding narratives. Roy and Ong’s [2011. Worlding Cities: Asian Experiments and the Art of Being Global. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell] “worlding cities” serves as the theoretical backdrop of our analysis. Based on a careful review of a diverse set of academic literature, policy and other sources we identify five process-dimensions for analysing the respective urban approaches. We show how the specific features of China’s and India’s urban focus, organisation, implementation, governance and embedding manifest both nations’ approaches to smart and eco-urbanism. We argue that India’s Smart City Mission and China’s All-in-One project are firmly anchored in broader agendas of change that are set out to transform the nation and extend into time. The Indian Smart City Mission is part of a broader ambition to transform the nation enabling her “smart incarnation” in modernity. Smart technologies are seen as the key drivers of change. In China the framework of ecological civilisation continues a 5000-year historical tradition of civilisation excellence. By explicitly linking eco-urbanism to the framework, eco-cities become a means to enact ecological civilisation on the (urban) ground.     

浅谈油气开发与环境安全

文章分析了油气能源现状、油气开发与环境的关系、油气开发与环境安全的关系,油气开发中的环境保护对策与环境监理。得出:油气开发既要做到和谐生产,又要保护环境;在油气开发中,对环境有影响的应加大修复力度,采取相应的环境保护措施,确保有效、长效的环境保护目标。     

Transport and fate of nitrate and pesticides: hydrogeology and riparian zone processes

There is continuing concern over potential impacts of widespread application of nutrients and pesticides on ground- and surface-water quality. Transport and fate of nitrate and pesticides were investigated in a shallow aquifer and adjacent stream, Cow Castle Creek, in Orangeburg County, South Carolina. Pesticide and pesticide degradate concentrations were detected in ground water with greatest frequency and largest concentrations directly beneath and downgradient from the corn (Zea mays L.) field where they were applied. In almost all samples in which they were detected, concentrations of pesticide degradates greatly exceeded those of parent compounds, and were still present in ground waters that were recharged during the previous 18 yr. The absence of both parent and degradate compounds in samples collected from deeper in the aquifer suggests that this persistence is limited or that the ground water had recharged before use of the pesticide. Concentrations of NO(-)(3) in ground water decreased with increasing depth and age, but denitrification was not a dominant controlling factor. Hydrologic and chemical data indicated that ground water discharges to the creek and chemical exchange takes place within the upper 0.7 m of the streambed. Ground water had its greatest influence on surface-water chemistry during low-flow periods, causing a decrease in concentrations of Cl(-), NO(-)(3), pesticides, and pesticide degradates. Conversely, shallow subsurface drainage dominates stream chemistry during high-flow periods, increasing stream concentrations of Cl(-), NO(-)(3), pesticides, and pesticide degradates. These results point out the importance of understanding the hydrogeologic setting when investigating transport and fate of contaminants in ground water and surface water.