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1.
Working toward sustainable community is a complex task for communities especially given the ambiguous nature of implementing
the concept of sustainable development. However, by working to understand the nature of community capital, administrators
can begin to move beyond bottom line thinking toward a more comprehensive and collective view of community. This paper presents
a theoretical framework that helps municipal decision makers begin collecting information they need to help them build sustainable
and resilient communities.
相似文献
Edith G. CallaghanEmail: |
2.
Brad Allenby Cynthia Folsom Murphy David Allen Cliff Davidson 《Sustainability Science》2009,4(1):7-15
Sustainable engineering is a conceptual and practical challenge to all engineering disciplines. Although the profession has
experience with environmental dimensions of engineering activities that in some cases are quite deep, extending the existing
body of practice to sustainable engineering by including social and cultural domains is a significant and non-trivial challenge.
Nonetheless, progress is being made, as a recent study undertaken by the Center for Sustainable Engineering in the United
States demonstrates.
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Brad AllenbyEmail: |
3.
William Ascher 《Sustainability Science》2007,2(2):141-149
The policy sciences, in offering the most comprehensive approach to policy analysis and the sociopolitical processes that
shape policy outcomes, is particularly appropriate for guiding the analysis required to promote sustainability. This article
presents the main components of the policy sciences framework and demonstrates its potency in the crucial task of deepening
the problem definitions required to select and enact policies to promote sustainability. As such, it provides background for
the policy sciences articles of this special feature.
相似文献
William AscherEmail: |
4.
Motivation of Japanese companies to take environmental action to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions: an econometric analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To analyze the motivations of Japanese companies to take environmental actions to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions,
we used FY2006 research data and questioned Japanese industries regarding their reduction of GHG emissions. Empirical investigations
revealed that voluntary targets set by industry organizations, government requirements, and advance responses to possible
future regulations can positively influence environmental actions for GHG emission reduction; however, cost reductions and
corporate social responsibility fulfillment cannot.
相似文献
Seiji IkkataiEmail: |
5.
Ian Calder Ashvin Gosain M. S. Rama Mohan Rao Charles Batchelor M. Snehalatha Emma Bishop 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(4):537-557
This paper recommends a revision of watershed development policy in India in relation to the planning of development interventions
involving agricultural intensification and rainwater harvesting following biophysical and societal impact studies carried
out on two watershed development projects in Karnataka. A need for changes in policy has arisen in response to progressive
catchments closure at the basin level and declining volumes of water flowing into village level reservoirs (known locally
as tanks). Flow reductions have occurred largely as a result of increased agricultural intensification over the past 10–15 years.
Field levelling, field bund construction, soil water conservation measures, farm ponds, the increase in areas under horticulture
and forestry and the increased abstraction and use of groundwater for irrigation are all contributing factors to reduced flows.
Planning methodologies and approaches, which may have been appropriate 20 years ago for planning water harvesting within watershed
development projects, are no longer appropriate today. New planning approaches are required which (1) take account of these
changed flow conditions and (2) are also able to take account of externalities, which occur when actions of some affect the
livelihoods of others who have no control or influence over such activities and which (3) contribute to the maintenance of
agreed minimum downstream flows for environmental and other purposes.
相似文献
Ian CalderEmail: |
6.
Himayatullah Khan Ehsan Inamullah Khadija Shams 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(2):375-392
This study explores the interlinkages among population, environment and poverty and presents empirical evidence in a developing
country like Pakistan. It gives alternative views on population environment linkages. It explains poverty trap, market based
harmony, and dual effect of poverty on the basis of a link between population growth and natural resource degradation. In
addition, the paper also highlights social and political instability through population-poverty-environment spiral. It also
presents empirical evidence on population-environment-poverty nexus in Pakistan. It also compares environmental sustainability
index and human development index for selected Asian countries. The paper also gives scores for different components of environmental
sustainability index for Pakistan and compares these with India. The paper concludes that the causal relationship between
poverty and environment works in both directions, often through changes in GDP and population. Population stress does not
have any significant direct effect on all aspects of environmental status in Pakistan.
相似文献
Himayatullah KhanEmail: |
7.
Laura K. Schmitt 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(1):19-42
Soil erosion in many parts of the developing world poses a threat to rural livelihoods, to the sustainbility of the agricultural
sector, and to the environment. Most erosion prediction models are mechanistic and unsuited to quantify the severity of soil
erosion in a data-limited developing world context. The model developed in this paper for Negros Island, in the central Philippines,
is based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, but contains important innovations such as the movement of eroded soil
over the landscape, simulating deposition on lower slopes and in waterways. It also includes a term describing farmer strategies
to reduce soil erosion, which are typically ignored in erosion prediction models. A two-sample t-test found that model-predicted sediment loading values were not significantly different from field-measured sediment loading
values when corrected for watershed size (P = 0.857). The model predicts an annual loss of 2.7 million cubic meters of sediment to waterways such that by 2050 more than
416,000 ha of agricultural land will be rendered unproductive due to erosion. Farmer behavior conserves soil, but on the steepest
slopes soil conservation practices are not adequate to prevent erosion. Of two proposed strategies to control soil erosion
in the rural Philippines, the model suggests that a complete switch to tree crops would conserve more soil than universal
terrace adoption. However, even under these conservation scenarios, erosion threatens the areal extent of upland agriculture
on Negros, and hence the sustainability of the island’s food supply.
相似文献
Laura K. SchmittEmail: |
8.
This paper is a response to a recent special issue of Regional Environmental Change, “Quantifying vulnerability to drought from different disciplinary perspectives” (vol. 8, number 4, 2008). In this paper,
we examine some of the challenges facing efforts to understand vulnerability to drought through quantification as they are
manifest in some of the articles in this special issue.
相似文献
Edward R. CarrEmail: |
9.
María Eugenia Ibarrarán Matthias Ruth Sanjana Ahmad Marisa London 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(3):549-569
Commonly occurring natural events become natural disasters when they affect the population through death and injury, and/or
through the destruction of natural and physical capital on which people rely for their livelihood and quality of life. Climate
change plays a role in that it tends to increase the frequency and intensity of weather-related natural disasters. Additionally,
climate change may put people at risk by influencing access to water, coastal flooding, disease and hunger, and leaving them
with a more degraded environment, leading, in turn, to increased vulnerability. The purpose of this paper is to present a
review and synthesis of the literature and case studies addressing differential impacts of climate change-related natural
disasters on a society and its economy. Developed and developing countries show different vulnerabilities to natural disasters.
Even within countries, impacts vary significantly across population and economic sectors. When losses from natural disasters
are large, their cumulative effect can have notable macroeconomic impacts, which feed back to further pronounce existing income
inequalities and lower income levels. Impacts tend to be most pronounced for women, the young and elderly, and people of ethnic
or racial minorities.
相似文献
María Eugenia IbarraránEmail: |
10.
11.
In this study we perform an ecological analysis of the resources use in the diet of the ribeirinho populations of the Barcelos municipality, Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Data on food composition, seasonality, and origin
took place during three field trips between 1999 and 2000. Data were gathered based on structured interviews and observations
from a total of 320 meals of 114 randomly selected families and 164 fishing trips. The staple food of the studied populations
is based on fish and manioc, although the food niche amplitude can vary according to the factors such as the access to imported
food items, resources seasonality, and socio-economic conditions. The migration to urban centers along with the changes in
subsistence activities (reduction of small-scale agriculture and specialization in commercial fishing) may result in changes
in the food habits of ribeirinho populations from Rio Negro.
相似文献
Alpina BegossiEmail: |
12.
J. R. Park M. J. Stabler P. J. Jones S. R. Mortimer J. R. Tiffin R. B. Tranter 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(4):735-750
The issue of the sustainable development of rural economies in England has recently received considerable attention. This
is because many of the poorest areas in the country are rural, often of high environmental quality, but suffering from high
unemployment and a lack of services and facilities. The rapid decline in agricultural incomes and in-migration of affluent
urban workers since 1990 has exacerbated economic inequality in such areas. A number of factors have the potential to drive
rural development and this paper applies, and considers, the feasibility of a method from the USA for combining economic and
environmental variables in a regional growth model to examine the hypothesis that environmental quality is an important determinant
of sustainable rural development in England. The model output suggests that, although environmental quality does play a role
in sustainable rural development in England there are other, more important, factors driving development. These include business
and communications infra-structure, the degree and opportunities for commuting and underlying employment prospects. The robustness
and limitations of the method for combining economic and environmental variables is discussed in relation to the spatial interrelatedness
of Local Authority Districts in England, and conclusions are drawn about areas for refinement and improvement of the method.
相似文献
J. R. ParkEmail: |
13.
Nurun Nahar 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(3):571-588
The contamination of groundwater in Bangladesh by arsenic is a widespread and serious environmental problem, affecting mainly
the rural population who rely extensively on groundwater for drinking and cooking. The study conducted survey work in a few
affected villages of the Northwest region in Bangladesh. The household survey gathered information on the respondents (affected
by arsenic) water usage and sources, knowledge of the arsenic problem, changes in the source of water for drinking and cooking,
arsenic mitigation technologies and socio-economic information on the households. The survey work shows that percentage of
male patient is higher than female patient among the same level of household income in each study villages. Prevalence of
arsenicosis is more among poorer sections and it is directly related to the poverty situation of the community. People know
more about the health problems caused by arsenicosis but lack knowledge about mitigation aspects. In one of the study areas,
every year an extra 4% tubewell is getting contaminated by arsenic. Arsenic contamination in groundwater also affects the
environment and the ecology negatively. The NGOs have been found contributing to a knowledge creation process in the village
community as the villagers are showing marked behavioral changes in water-use practice.
相似文献
Nurun NaharEmail: |
14.
Athanasios Ragkos Asimakis Psychoudakis Argiro Christofi Alexandros Theodoridis 《Regional Environmental Change》2006,6(4):193-200
This study proposes the valuation of wetland functions as an alternative to the conventional approach to wetland valuation, in order to derive indicators for decision-making in wetland management. It is illustrated that these functions can be valuated in terms of the goods and services they provide to society. Using a functional approach, the functions are identified and the goods and services they provide are explicitly allocated among them; then, the latter are valuated with the Contingent Valuation method. Statistical analysis of the data provides welfare measures that reflect the value of these functions. It is argued that the values of separate functions are more useful in policy-making than their aggregated value.
相似文献
Athanasios RagkosEmail: Phone: +30-2310-998826Fax: +30-2310-998828 |
15.
The Kyoto Protocol relies on incentive-based regulations layered underneath a global cap on net emissions of greenhouse gases.
Within the Kyoto Protocol are opportunities and constraints for signatory nations. Of concern to developing nations are the
constraints the Kyoto Protocol could place on future growth. We examine the constraints and the opportunities offered to developing
countries within the Kyoto Protocol. By identifying the potential costs and benefits the Kyoto Protocol has to offer to developing
countries and by examining the incentives each create, we hope to spark serious investigations into ways to minimize the potential
costs of entering the Kyoto Protocol and take full advantage of the potential benefits.
相似文献
Amin SarkarEmail: |
16.
Accounting for the mismanagement of tropical nearshore fisheries 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The underlying reason for the mismanagement of tropical nearshore fisheries is the implementation of policies and programs
based on Western models and approaches, coupled with an inability and/or unwillingness to consider non-Western alternatives
of empirically proven value. Such attitudes are embedded in donor and development agency behavior, and are demonstrated by
the temperate bias in conventional approaches to fisheries education and management, with a corresponding lack of understanding
of tropical milieux, and in the persistence of various prejudices. Adaptive Management, The Ecosystem Approach, Local Knowledge,
and Protected Areas are discussed from the perspectives of Western models and pre-existing Pacific Island systems as alternative
models. Given the parlous condition of the global environment and resources, the best non-Western pre-existing models and
Western approaches must be blended to provide sustainable solutions.
相似文献
Francis R. HickeyEmail: |
17.
Terrascope is a freshman learning community at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in which teams of students
work to find solutions to large ‘unsolvable’ problems and to communicate about those problems with a wide variety of audiences
in multiple formats. The program strongly promotes students’ autonomy in focusing and structuring their work, and student
projects culminate in public presentations, both to general audiences and to panels of technical specialists. Students who
have completed the program tend to show strong engagement with environmental and sustainability issues, as well as the skills
and experience to work intensively on such issues within multidisciplinary teams. Here, we present the program as a case study,
with some discussion of the factors that are key to its operation.
相似文献
Ari W. EpsteinEmail: |
18.
Himayatullah Khan 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2009,11(2):293-305
Using survey-based data approach for modeling the demand for environmental goods/resources, this study estimates income and
price elasticities of demand for improved environmental quality of two National Parks in Northern Pakistan. The study uses
data from two studies. The estimates indicate that improved environmental quality effects can be described as a luxury and
an ordinary and price elastic service. Confidence intervals show however that the classification as a luxury is not statistically
significant. Income elasticities of willingness to pay are estimated for a broad range of environmental services. The study
finds that income and willingness to pay vary directly and significantly. The elasticity estimates, in general, are greater
than zero, but less than unity. The study concludes that environmental improvements are more beneficial to low-income groups
than for high-income groups.
相似文献
Himayatullah KhanEmail: |
19.
William Ascher 《Sustainability Science》2006,1(1):15-22
Given progress in policies for pursuing sustainable development, promoting commitment to thinking and acting more far-sightedly has become the primary strategic challenge. In the face of impatience, selfishness, uncertainty, analytical limitations, and vulnerability, strategies for promoting far-sightedness can be identified by assessing how these obstacles can be overcome. Strategies for creating or rescheduling tangible and deference rewards, realigning performance evaluations, implementing cognitive exercises, framing communications, altering decision-making processes, using self-restraint devices both to resist temptation and to enhance credibility, altering institutions to empower the patient, and stabilizing living conditions are the major categories for identifying and assessing the many strategies which arise out of both ordinary and constitutive policy initiatives.
相似文献
William AscherEmail: Phone: +1-909-6073071Fax: +1-909-6218419 |
20.
Wolfgang Cramer Uta Fritsch Rik Leemans Sabine Lütkemeier Dagmar Schröter Allan Watt 《Regional Environmental Change》2008,8(3):125-134
Biodiversity is essential for multiple aspects of human life and well-being, but many current assessments of the functioning
of biodiversity and ecosystems, understanding of risks posed by environmental change and the best practice of their management
of ecosystems are lacking a unified scientific and conceptual basis. Methods such as scenario analysis, and terms such as
ecosystem services, are widely used, but their meaning is understood in many different ways depending on context, user needs
and experience of researchers. In order to advance the conceptual basis for ecosystem analysis and management in a rapidly
changing world, as well as the ability of young scientists to reflect upon these concepts, we have organised five 2-week-long
summer schools in Peyresq, a remote village in the Southern French Alps. In total 173 participants have worked intensively
with 69 experienced researchers and a team of conveners and tutors in order to discuss a broad range of views on topics on
ecosystem analysis and functioning. Topics ranged from conditions of and threats to various ecosystems due to environmental
change, models and scenarios for assessment, stakeholder perceptions and needs for information, to the social and economic
contexts for biodiversity. We report our experience from these schools, present the training concept which has emerged from
them and suggest lines of further development.
相似文献
Wolfgang CramerEmail: |