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生态行政浅析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
萨础日娜 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2008,18(3)
生态行政学是20世纪90年代兴起的一门行政学分支学科,学术界常常将其与行政生态学相混同。本文试图通过对生态行政的发展历史、理论渊源、定义、基本内涵进行阐述,使其区别于行政生态学,希望能够对生态行政学科的建立有所益处。 相似文献
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<正>在她的视野中,任何一种生物都有灵性,都值得被尊重。自然是一个整体,作为万物之灵长的人类也只不过是其中的一个环节,与其他动植物同处在一个系统中。而人类不仅仅要尊重自然规律,爱护自然界万物,甚至更需要向大自然取经和学习。“生态”一词,原本指的是在自然环境范畴内,生物生存的状态和彼此之间的关系。如今,这一词汇的内涵和外延已经扩展到了各个层面,如政治生态、社会生态、 相似文献
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孙红磊 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2006,16(3):78-80
着重结合生态学中“生态位“这一概念通过理论分析阐述出生态位重叠使大学毕业生失去竞争优势,实然生态位与应然生态位的差距造成了“回炉“现象的出现. 相似文献
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一位老人,始终伴随着中国环境保护的每一个历程;每一次重大的环境行动无不留下他的脚步和身影;他有30年的生命与中国的环保事业紧密交融在一起。70年代初,查遍中国所有的字典,也找不到“环境保护”这个词。20多年后的今天,这个新词已经成为现代汉语中几乎所有中国人都耳熟能详的、使用频率极高的一个词。在中国历史上“环境”和“保护”这两个词是曲格平把它们组合在一起的。 曲格平从70年代初即从事环保工作,既是我国环保事业的开创人之一,同时也是一位闻名世界的环境专家、教授。笔者与他谈起了我国的环境保护事业,从他充满激情的回忆里,清晰地看到了中国近30年来所走过的环 相似文献
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生态产品价值实现是推动“绿水青山”向“金山银山”转化的关键路径,近年来成为研究习近平生态文明思想的热点领域。本文就生态产品价值的内涵理解、实现机理、主要路径及具体实践模式,梳理了近年来国内学者的研究成果,并在此基础上总结与分析,指出存在的问题、提出相关建议。对生态产品价值的理解,目前国内学者从早期的分歧已逐步形成统一的认识,即生态产品本质上是人类从自然生态系统中直接或间接获取的物质和服务的总称,其价值来自生态系统服务价值。生态产品价值实现则是其存在价值通过各种路径被人类消费或使用,最终转化为经济收益或是民生福祉的过程。生态产品价值实现的基本路径主要包括产业发展、市场交易、金融扶持、政府调控和社会参与5种方式,国内目前的实践案例则可以归类为15种模式。但各地在实践过程中也面临生态产品识别边界不清晰、生态产品价值实现机理认识不统一、配套机制不完善以及路径模式创新与实践不够等问题,后续应加快建立生态产品调查统计与评估核算方法体系、完善自然资源产权制度、加强实践模式创新与推广应用。 相似文献
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从世界范围来看,在正规教育中,环境教育还是一个相对较新的领域。“环境教育”这一术语是1920年苏格兰植物学家PatrickGeddes(1854~1933年)首次将“环境”与“教育”两词并列使用后才出现的。而国际上则是在1948年巴黎召开的联合国大会上首次正式使用它的。英国可谓是世界上环境教育工作开展得比较成功的具有代表性的国家之一。一、英国环境教育的开端与发展“环境教育”一词在英国第一次使用并受到重视始于1965年,其标志是英国高等学校的研究领域开始涉及环境教育研究;到了1971年,环境教育就开始走入初级与高级中学的教学中,并且… 相似文献
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David G Haglund 《Resources Policy》1984,10(3):146-152
‘Strategic minerals’ is an ambiguous term. The objective of this article is to explore the major and competing usages of this essentially contested concept, with particular attention being paid to the relevant usages for both scholarly and policy-making purposes. The author examines two opposing definitional tendencies, which he labels ‘restrictionist’ and ‘broad-interpretationist’, and concludes that despite great merit in the arguments of those who would restrict the usage of the term strategic minerals, the concept itself will continue to be interpreted differently by minerals analysts. 相似文献
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老庄道家思想蕴含着丰富的生态智慧,前人的研究为其在生态治理中"致大用"提供了现实举证与理论观点。老庄思想中辩证的"反向性"有助于生态危机面前人类的自我反省,其"道"的"本根性"有助于引领生态治理走向最佳路径。当前生态治理存在主体松散化、客体碎片化、政府治理单边化、生态公正边缘化、生态修复人工化的困局。老庄道家思想为我们提供了具有针对性的行为准则。生态治理主体应具有"以天下观天下"的大智慧、大胸襟,生态问题防御要以"正反相随、祸福相依"的观念总揽根源,政府要善用"无为"来调动生态环境的社会共治,生态公正需要树立"以小为大"的价值观,生态修复需要树立"辅万物之自然"的生存理念。 相似文献
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塔里木河流域水资源利用与生态农业发展 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
从生态学角度分析塔里木河流域丰富的自然资源条件与恶劣的气候条件之间的突出矛盾,得出水资源的占有和利用是流域生态改善和农业发展之储多要素中最大限制因子的结论,从而决定了农业发展的根本出路是发展生态农业。必须根据生态脆弱指数采取有力措施保证生态用水;只有因地制宜地建立高效输水、灌溉节水、结构科学、布局合理、资源配置优化、整体功能强的高产优质高效的良性循环的农业生产模式,才能切实有地促进自然生态与生态农业的持续、协调发展。 相似文献
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Richard A. Carpenter 《Environmental management》1980,4(1):13-20
Since October 1977, the East-West Environment and Policy Institute in Honolulu has been conducting a multinational collaborative project to enhance the preparation and utilization of natural systems assessments in developing countries. This paper presents some of the findings to date: 1. Channels are developing rapidly for transferring ecological knowledge into political and administrative decision making. 2. The systematic approach of ecology is replacing environmental quality as the organizing concept for information about natural resources and the environment. 3. Benefit-cost analysis is a promising method for integrating ecological knowledge into economic development decision making. 4. The lack of baseline information, inventories, and predictive capability will not be remedied soon or easily; thus priorities for ecological research are essential.This paper is adapted from a presentation at the Fifth Symposium on Tropical Ecology of the International Society for Tropical Ecology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 19 April 1979. Environmental Management, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 13–20 相似文献
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优化空间格局、强化空间管控是我国新时期生态环境保护及资源开发利用顶层设计的一项重要战略任务。近年来,《生态文明体制改革总体方案》《关于建立国土空间规划体系并监督实施的若干意见》等一系列文件,明确提出在国土空间规划中强化生态文明建设理念传导、落实多规合一、突出用途管制等重大调整。流域水生态环境空间管控体系亟须转型,适应国土空间规划体系改革调整等带来的新形势、新要求。本文在详细梳理流域水生态环境空间管控体系演变历程的基础上,深入分析新时期形势和要求,进一步扩充完善了原有体系:创新水功能区、控制单元的功能定位,突出流域完整性与系统性,初步提出了包含全国—流域—水功能区—控制单元—行政区划的空间分区构想;细化设计了统筹水资源、水生态、水环境的目标指标体系;明确了突出功能用途的生态环境管控措施和责任落实体系,为下一步流域水生态环境空间管理政策顶层设计提供决策参考。 相似文献
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Dr. Hana L. Ayala 《Environmental management》1987,11(2):141-147
We are witnessing a growing concern with the global dimension of many environmental issues, reflected in the increase in the number and significance of international environmental organizations. Yet there is no internationally applicable strategy for environmental research which is management oriented. A new type of research policy, which integrates ideas derived from environmental and human ecology, is required in order to deal with cultural and ecological diversity and their interactions as reflected in the ecology of landscapes. The newly defined concept of environmental health is proposed to fill this gap. This concept integrates the latest developments in landscape evolutionary ecology and environmental health, bringing out a conflict between making the environment conducive to human health and increasing the available options for supporting the essential biological and ecological processes of the environment. Lessons derived from the evolution of human environments are used in order to illustrate how health may become un umbrella for developing an environmental research policy, which could also serve as a catalyst for international environmental projects. 相似文献
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The concept of resilience is now frequently invoked by natural resource agencies in the US. This reflects growing trends within
ecology, conservation biology, and other disciplines acknowledging that social–ecological systems require management approaches
recognizing their complexity. In this paper, we examine the concept of resilience and the manner in which some legal and regulatory
frameworks governing federal natural resource agencies have difficulty accommodating it. We then use the U.S. Forest Service’s
employment of resilience as an illustration of the challenges ahead. 相似文献
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Reconciling human and non-human use of urban regions to support biological conservation represents a major challenge for the 21st century. The concept of reconciliation ecology, by which the anthropogenic environment may be modified to encourage non-human use and biodiversity preservation without compromising societal utilization, potentially represents an appropriate paradigm for urban conservation given the generally poor opportunities that exist for reserve establishment and ecological restoration in urban areas. Two habitat improvement techniques with great potential for reconciliation ecology in urban areas are the installation of living roofs and walls, which have been shown to support a range of taxa at local scales. This paper evaluates the reconciliation potential of living roofs and walls, in particular highlighting both ecological and societal limitations that need to be overcome for application at the landscape scale. We further consider that successful utilization of living roofs and walls for urban reconciliation ecology will rely heavily on the participation of urban citizens, and that a 'citizen science' model is needed to facilitate public participation and support and to create an evidence base to determine their effectiveness. Living roofs and walls are just one aspect of urban reconciliation ecology, but are particularly important 'bottom-up' techniques for improving urban biodiversity that can be performed directly by the citizenry. 相似文献