区域性的环境战略监控系统初探

一个区域的环境战略是该区域在较长时间内社会、经济与环境协调发展的全局性,根本性的谋划。制定环境战略的根本目的就是在一定时期内对该区域环保工作的开展与发展的导航。而制定环境战略规划和实施环境战略规划构成了整个战略活动中两个不可缺少的发展阶段,制定和实施战略规划本身就是该区域最高管理层(环保行政主管职     

区域旅游资源开发战略理论阐释

旅游资源开发战略是旅游资源开发总思路、总方针的高度凝练和体现,与当地旅游资源状况的相适应情况直接关系到区域旅游的发展状况。就常用的区域旅游资源开发战略进行理论阐述,以期深化理解旅游资源开发主要战略的思想内涵,对旅游规划的制定、旅游资源开发实践活动的开展和区域旅游发展的科学决策有所启示和帮助。     

土地利用战略分区研究框架初探

土地利用战略研究是新一轮土地利用总体规划的重要内容,但目前的土地利用战略研究多是从区域整体角度进行分析,未体现区域内部空间差异,对制定差异化土地政策的指导性不强.土地利用战略分区研究可使分区结果与土地政策调控形成互动机制,提高其指导性,从而促进区域土地合理利用与有序开发,实现区域统筹发展.对土地利用战略分区的主要研究内容与原则、指标体系选择、研究方法与思路等进行了探讨,希望对完善土地利用战略及分区研究有所裨益.     

区域经济政策对区域经济发展的影响——以山东半岛城市群为例

区域经济快速、健康、稳定发展是区域社会发展中的重大战略问题。随着近些年来区域经济发展速度的不断加快，市场机制“马太效应”和试错性逐渐显现出来，为区域经济政策的形成创造了条件。以山东省制定的山东半岛城市群区域经济政策为例，分析了区域经济政策对区域经济发展的影响，评价其政策效应，讨论如何更加有效地保障该区域经济政策的实施，从而实现区域经济均衡发展的总体目标。     

雾霾治理需构建系统战略和长效机制

PM2．5污染问题的解决．不仅需要有强烈的政治意愿,也需要从系统及长期的角度进行污染控制策略的制定和有效实施。政府应该从PM2．5的信息传播中体味公共事件中信息公开的益处,汲取经验、改进管理。在污染控制策略制定过程中．应基于科学认知改进、社会损益分析、区域社会经济发展情势等,制定基于区域发展成果共享、环境责任共担、长期行为改变激励的区域污染控制战略．建立实现区域污染控制目标社会成本最小化、减排责任公平化、控制标准一体化、发展权益均等化的区域大气污染治理合作机制。     

国家竞争优势论对泛珠三角区域合作的启示

国家竞争优势论是我国目前较流行的国际贸易理论学说,它无论在国家层面还是在区域层面,均对制定相应的区域发展战略具有积极的作用。基于对波特关于国家竞争优势论的理解,阐述了它对我国开展泛珠三角区域合作的若干启示。     

与政府合作,推动政策保护——可资借鉴的TNC的保护实践和理论探索

大自然保护协会多年来在保护生物多样性方面做了大量有益的工作,一方面为中国政府制定《中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划》提供了重要依据,把生物多样性保护提升到国家战略的高度;另一方面通过探寻气候变化适应途径、保护地建设新模式等手段来实现生物多样性保护和区域经济发展双重目标,从而保障了人类和生物共同的权益和福祉。尽管保护和发展可以并行不悖,但二者间的有机平衡必须得以保障,故科学规划是实现自然保护与社会发展有序化的必要前提。     

辽宁省入境旅游客源市场结构的SSM分析

客源市场结构变化是旅游目的地发展战略制定的主要影响因素.运用区域经济分析中广泛采用的偏离—份额分析法(SSM),以相关入境旅游统计数据为依据,选取辽宁省主要海外客源国(地区)为样本,考察了辽宁省旅游市场的发展态势和结构状况,有针对性地提出了辽宁省国际旅游市场进一步拓展的建议.     

城市规划与城市空间结构塑造——以兰州市为例

兰州市是中国西部河谷型多中心城市的典型代表.新中国成立以来,兰州市在区域发展环境、政治与经济体制的变革中不断调整城市空间发展战略.全面阐述了指引兰州市城市发展的四次城市总体规划,对其制定的背景、规划内容和实施效果进行了论述,总结了城市规划在城市空间结构塑造中发挥的重要作用.     

旅游开发中的区域联动战略--以安徽省"两山一湖"地区为例

阐述了旅游区域联动发展战略的内涵、类型、原则及意义,分析了安徽省"两山一湖"地区实施旅游区域联动战略的必要性、可能性和发展现状,提出了若干对策.     

战略环境影响评价的发展与应用

本文介绍了SEA的发展背景，现有项目EIA在PPPs决策层次上的缺陷和可持续发展理论如何导致SEA的发展，新发展的SEA比较传统的项目EIA所具有的优点，以及当前对SEA的认识和理解，在实践中所采用的形式，和成功的SEA必具备的特征，同时对在当前形势下SEA的实践方式进行了一定的评价，发现SEA的增值效应是SEA实施的先决条件。     

Determination of the effect of operating cost uncertainty on mining project evaluation

Mining projects are complex businesses that demand constant risk assessment. This is because several kinds of uncertainties influence the value of a mine project, typically. These uncertainties may be classified as exploration uncertainties, economic uncertainties and engineering uncertainties. The evaluation of a mine project under these uncertainties is a complicated job, which may lead to making a wrong decision by managers and stockholders. Therefore, at first, the engineers must recognize the mining uncertainties before carrying out the project evaluation. The economic uncertainties are the most important factors, which may affect the project evaluation. Among the mentioned uncertainties, the operating cost uncertainty is an important and effective factor, which is ignored to a certain extent.     

Estimating the volatility of mining projects considering price and operating cost uncertainties

In the real option pricing model of valuation and decision making, the estimation of future volatility is a key input parameter. For traded commodities or financial assets, past volatility is used as a proxy for predictions. But, for projects, this approach is not feasible because, in most cases, historical data of traded projects are not available. As an alternate solution, it is usually assumed that project volatility is equal to that of commodity price. In order to investigate this assumption, we estimate the project volatility considering that both commodity price and operating cost evolve as a geometric Brownian motion (GBM). Results of a hypothetical gold mining project indicate that project volatility is higher than that of commodity price and it only drops to price volatility under very unrealistic industry conditions, such as very high prices or very low production costs. In addition, we find that project volatility is independent of production capacity and taxation, but depends on increments in price and cost, as well as strongly on their degree of correlation.     

The use of Ecological and Carbon Footprint Analysis in regional policy making: application and insights using the REAP model

This paper builds on and extends previous research to contribute to ongoing discussion on the use of resource and carbon accounting tools in regional policy making. The Northern Visions project has produced the first evidence-based footpath setting out the actions that need to be taken to achieve the step changes in the Ecological and Carbon Footprint of Northern Ireland. A range of policies and strategies were evaluated using the Resources and Energy Analysis Programme. The analysis provided the first regional evidence base that current sustainable development policy commitments would not lead to the necessary reductions in either the Ecological Footprint or carbon dioxide emissions. Building on previous applications of Ecological Footprint analysis in regional policy making, the research has demonstrated that there is a valuable role for Ecological and Carbon Footprint Analysis in policy appraisal. The use of Ecological and Carbon Footprint Analysis in regional policy making has been evaluated and recommendations made on ongoing methodological development. The authors hope that the research can provide insights for the ongoing use Ecological and Carbon Footprint Analysis in regional policy making and help set out the priorities for research to support this important policy area.     

Beyond the Requirements: Improving Public Participation in EIA

Virtually every environmental planner at some time deals with environmental impact assessment (EIA). Public participation is required in most environmental impact assessment programmesaround the world. However, citizen involvement is often reduced to a procedural exercise instead of a substantive process to include the public in environmental decision making. This paper examines public participation in EIA and provides ways to improve its effectiveness. We first examine the rationales for public involvement and its institutionalization through EIA. Next, we analyse the shortcomings and strengths of common approaches to public involvement. Our analysis, supported by two case studies, suggests that going beyond the minimum requirements can benefit the public, the project proponent and the final plan. We conclude with practical steps to improve public participation programmes in environmental planning and decision making.     

重点流域水生态环境保护“十四五”规划编制思路与重点

本文主要对《重点流域水生态环境保护"十四五"规划编制技术大纲》进行解读,在梳理当前我国流域水生态环境保护现状、问题以及形势的基础上,分析了重点流域水生态环境保护"十四五"规划的定位,介绍了规划编制的总体思路以及目标制定、问题和症结分析、规划任务设计和项目筛选等重点环节,并对做好规划编制工作提出了相关建议。     

INCORPORATING UNCERTAINTY IN THE DESIGN OF STREAM CHMNEL MODIFICATIONS1

ABSTRACT: The designs of stream channel naturalization, rehabilitation, and restoration projects are inherently fraught with uncertainty. Although a systematic approach to design can be described, the likelihood of success or failure of the design is unknown due to uncertainties within the design and implementation process. In this paper, a method for incorporating uncertainty in decision‐making during the design phase is presented that uses a decision analysis method known as Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA). The approach is applied to a channel rehabilitation project in north‐central Pennsylvania. FMEA considers risk in terms of the likelihood of a component failure, the consequences of failure, and the level of difficulty required to detect failure. Ratings developed as part of the FMEA can provide justification for decision making in determining design components that require particular attention to prevent failure of the project and the appropriate compensating actions to be taken.     

论加强环境保护基础设施建设

为进一步加强环境保护基础设施建设,促进我国环境保护事业的更大发展,各级人民政府和环保部门必须研究采用各种切实有效的措施。环保部门应当参与投资决策,确保资金投向基础设施建设;认真调查研究,选好选准基础设施项目,做好项目审批;采取各种措施和政策,加大投资力度;加强对基础设施建设的领导,加强投资监管,加快建设进度。     

印钞造纸废水回用中试研究

本课题以印钞造纸废水回用为目标，通过中试研究表明采用生物处理为核心工艺，结合废水深度处理技术。完全能使废水出水水质达到工业用水标准，从而为今后实际工程上马提供了较可靠的试验依据。     

The significance of environmental impacts: an exploration of the concept

Since environmental impact assessment (EIA) is concerned primarily withsignificant environmental impacts, the concept of impact significance deserves to be defined and applied rigorously. In this article use of the term over the past 15 years in EIA documentation is reviewed. Some recent attempts at elucidating the concept are summarized. Four perspectives on impact significance that emerged from a series of workshops on the ecological basis for EIA are presented. These perspectives include (a) statistical (related to problems of isolating project-induced changes from natural variation), (b) ecological (related to the importance of project-induced changes from a purely ecological perspective), (c) social (related to the acceptability of project-induced changes in important environmental attributes), and (d) project (related to whether project-induced changes will indeed influence project decision making). The following synthesis is proposed: Any exercise in judging the significance of an environmental impact should thoroughly consider (a) the importance of the environmental attribute in question to project decision makers, (2) the distribution of change in time and space, (c) the magnitude of change, and (d) the reliability with which change has been predicted or measured. The implications of considering these factors are discussed.