碱熔融—微波晶化法合成粉煤灰沸石及其对Cd2+的吸附

以粉煤灰为主要原料,采用碱熔融—微波晶化法合成粉煤灰沸石。采用XRD,SEM,TEM等技术表征了粉煤灰沸石的微观结构,并对其吸附Cd²⁺的性能进行了研究。表征结果显示,粉煤灰沸石主要由X型沸石、P型沸石和铝组成,粉煤灰沸石中有排列规则、呈蜂窝状的孔穴和孔道存在,其孔穴和孔道大小分布均匀,致密。粉煤灰沸石的比表面积为108.49 m²/g,平均孔径为3.779 nm,孔体积为0.221 mL/g。实验结果表明,在溶液pH为7、吸附时间30 min的最佳吸附条件下,Cd²⁺去除率均大于94%。粉煤灰沸石对Cd²⁺的吸附可很好地用二级动力学方程进行拟合,相关系数为0.999 99。可用Langmuir等温吸附模型描述该吸附过程,该吸附过程是单分子层吸附,主要是化学吸附,粉煤灰沸石对Cd²⁺的饱和吸附量为49.261 mg/g。     

粉煤灰两步水热法制备人工沸石

以粉煤灰为原料,采用两步水热法制备人工沸石。SEM、XRD、X射线荧光光谱分析结果表明:制得的人工沸石纯度较高,主要为Na-A型沸石和少量13X型沸石,主要化学成分为SiO2和Al2O3。说明采用两步法制备人工沸石克服了传统水热法杂质含量高的缺陷。采用人工沸石处理初始Mn2+质量浓度为50.00mg/L的模拟含锰废水,吸附125min后,Mn2+去除率达98.19%,模拟废水中剩余Mn2+质量浓度为0.90mg/L。     

粉煤灰合成沸石过程中的影响因素分析

分析了利用粉煤灰水热合成沸石过程中的各种影响因素,主要包括粉煤灰组成、碱溶液种类、碱溶液浓度、液圉比、反应时间及反应温度等,为水热合成法的应用提供了理论依据.     

粉煤灰的改性及其吸附性能

以改性粉煤灰为吸附剂,对亚甲基蓝溶液进行吸附实验。经正交实验确定改性粉煤灰的最佳制备条件:煅烧温度为850℃,粉煤灰与ZnCl2的质量比为2∶2,盐酸加入量为2.4mol/L,粉煤灰粒径为16.8mm。在亚甲基蓝溶液初始质量浓度为10mg/L、改性粉煤灰加入量为200mg/L、振荡时间为3.0h、溶液pH为5、吸附温度为25℃的条件下,亚甲基蓝的降解率和溶液脱色率分别达86.24%和82.76%。     

粉煤灰基沸石分子筛对水中氨氮的吸附

以粉煤灰为原料,采用碱熔融-水热法制备了3种沸石分子筛,运用XRD、XRF、SEM和BET等手段进行了表征,并将分子筛用于吸附溶液中的氨氮,考察了影响氨氮吸附效果的主要因素、氨氮等温吸附特征和吸附动力学特征。结果表明：分子筛B(Na_20.8Al₂₃Si₃₆O₁₁₇·7.69 H₂O)对氨氮的吸附效果最佳,在初始氨氮质量浓度100 mg/L、分子筛B加入量2 g/L、初始溶液pH 7、吸附温度25℃、转速150 r/min的条件下,吸附60 min后,氨氮吸附量和去除率分别为40.61 mg/g和90%;4种阳离子对氨氮吸附效果的影响顺序依次为K⁺>Ca²⁺>Na⁺>Mg²⁺;分子筛B对氨氮的吸附为单分子层吸附,具有化学吸附的特征;分子筛B吸附氨氮的的最佳工艺条件为初始溶液pH 7、吸附温度45℃、初始氨氮质量浓度40 mg/L,在该条件下,氨氮去除率为93%。     

粉煤灰-粉煤灰合成沸石对Cs~+的固化

以电厂废弃物粉煤灰为原料、采用碱熔-水热法制备了粉煤灰合成A型沸石(以下简称沸石),再以沸石对溶液中的Cs+进行分离富集,最后在碱激发剂的作用下以粉煤灰和吸附后的沸石制得地聚合物固化体。对固化体的性能进行了评价,并探讨了固化机理。实验结果表明:在吸附温度25℃、初始Cs+质量浓度100 mg/L、固液比10.0 g/L的条件下,沸石对的Cs+的吸附率达98%,比粉煤灰提高了2倍以上;沸石掺量为20%~30%(w)时,固化体的抗压强度符合GB 14569.1—2011要求,固化体中Cs+的42 d浸出率和累计浸出分数均远优于GB 14569.1—2011限值,表现出优异的抗浸出性能。     

水热法表面改性陶粒及其对水中磷的吸附性能

采用水热法制备碳改性陶粒和铁/碳改性陶粒,对改性陶粒表面进行了表征,研究了改性陶粒对废水中磷的吸附效果。表征结果显示,改性后陶粒形貌更规则,比表面积增加,有机官能团种类增多。吸附实验结果表明,碳改性陶粒和铁/碳改性陶粒在初始磷质量浓度为5 mg/L、pH分别为6和5、陶粒投加量为0.03 mg/L的条件下,于35℃下吸附8 h,磷的去除率分别达到97.28%和93.10%,剩余磷质量浓度分别为0.136 mg/L和0.345 mg/L;Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学方程更适合描述两种改性陶粒对磷的吸附过程,且改性后陶粒均具有良好的解吸能力,解吸率随解吸剂浓度的增加而增大。     

复合改性粉煤灰对磷的吸附性能

将粉煤灰（FA）与Na₂CO₃混合焙烧后浸渍负载Fe²⁺,制备了复合改性粉煤灰（CMFA）。通过多种手段对CMFA进行了表征,并将其用于含磷废水的吸附处理。表征结果显示：改性后的粉煤灰表面疏松多孔,比表面积增大了21倍,产生了金属盐类熔出物及羟基氧化铁和羟基官能团。实验结果表明：当初始磷质量浓度为50 mg/L、吸附温度为20 ℃、溶液pH为4.3、CMFA投加量为5 g/L、吸附时间为30 min时,磷去除率可达98.01%,较FA的50.10%大幅提升;20 ℃时,CMFA对磷的饱和吸附量可达22.15 mg/g;用拟二级动力学模型可较准确地描述CMFA对磷的吸附过程,该过程为自发的吸热过程,符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,为以离子交换为主的化学吸附。     

掺烧污泥型粉煤灰的物理化学性质及其重金属吸附性能

以掺烧污泥型粉煤灰（电力燃煤和市政污泥混合共燃产生）和纯煤粉型粉煤灰为对象,研究了其物理化学性质,分析了其重金属含量和浸出毒性,并进一步考察了其重金属吸附性能。结果表明：与纯煤粉型粉煤灰相比,掺烧污泥型粉煤灰的微观形貌更接近于规则球形颗粒;二者矿物组成差异明显,掺烧污泥型粉煤灰由多种矿物质均衡组成;两种粉煤灰浸出液中各重金属浓度远低于GB 8978—1996的排放浓度限值,可再利用为水中重金属吸附剂;掺烧污泥型粉煤灰对铜、铅、镉、镍、铬的饱和吸附量分别为107.53,119.99,73.39,53.14,42.19 mg/g,均远高于纯煤粉型粉煤灰,这归因于其矿物相反应活性高、化学吸附能力强。     

Fabrication of bulk materials with zeolite from coal fly ash

After packing a compact of coal fly ash mixed with 3.5?M (mol/L) sodium hydroxide solution into a cylindrical plastic mold at 80?°C and 50?% relative humidity for 24?h, the plastic mold was released and the compact was immersed in 3.5?M sodium hydroxide solution at 80?°C for 48?h. When the resultant compact was removed from the solution and cured at 80?°C and 50?% relative humidity for 7?days, a bulk material with zeolite was formed. The strength of the resultant bulk material was a result of the formation of geopolymer (alkali-activated cement). The specific surface area and the compressive strength of the bulk body sample were 21.4?m²/g and 29.0?MPa, respectively. According to a quantitative analysis conducted using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, the content of the formed Na-P type zeolite was estimated to be approximately 28.2?% in mass ratio. The pore size of the resultant bulk materials with zeolite ranges from sub-nanometer to several tens of nanometers, so the resultant bulk material with zeolite exhibited excellent water vapor retention characteristics.     

燃煤飞灰颗粒物中元素分布规律的研究

利用ICP-AES光谱仪和TOC总碳分析仪对不同粒级下的飞灰颗粒进行了元素测定,对元素分布规律的形成原因进行了分析.分析结果表明:煤经旋流燃烧器燃烧而未经过除尘设备的飞灰中300目以下小颗粒含量较高.随着燃烧温度的升高,大颗粒的含碳量增加,小颗粒的含碳量减少,元素Al、Mg、Cr在各个粒级中含量变化不大,Ti、Ba、V在大于280目的小颗粒中含量有下降趋势,其他大部分痕量元素在大于300目的小颗粒中得到富集.     

粉煤灰作衬砌材料的研究与应用

用不同掺量的HAS固化剂来固结粉煤灰、石屑及煤渣进行性能试验。试验结果表明：HAS固化粉煤灰是一种良好的衬砌防渗材料，若大规模应用于渠道防渗、大坝护坡等工程，必将会带来社会、经济和环境等多重效益。     

粉煤灰对单体直接染料脱色效果的研究

就粉煤灰的投加量、染料的初始浓度、pH值及脱色时间等因素对单体直接染料脱色效果进行了研究,结果表明:在加灰量为0.006 g/ml、pH值为2～10、脱色时间为20～30 min时,粉煤灰对单体直接染料具有良好的脱色效果.     

Leachate from land disposal of coal fly ash

The results of large-scale lysimeter tests in which two pulverized coal fly ashes (PCFA) have been exposed to natural weather conditions for up to seven years are presented and compared with those of laboratory leaching tests. Laboratory column leaching tests on PCFA show good reproducibility, and comparisons between lysimeter and laboratory leaching results are promising for several salt ions and trace elements in the leachate when expressed in terms of the leachate to solids ratio (L/S). A long-term disposal strategy which takes into account the largely insoluble nature of PCFA is suggested.     

Synthesis of zeolite from Italian coal fly ash: Differences in crystallization temperature using seawater instead of distilled water

In this study Italian coal fly ash was converted into several types of zeolite in laboratory experiments with temperatures of crystallization ranging from 35 up to 90 °C. Distilled and seawater were used during the hydrothermal synthesis process in separate experiments, after a pre-treatment fusion with NaOH.The results indicate that zeolites could be formed from different kind of Italian coal fly ash at low temperature of crystallization using both distilled and seawater. SEM data and the powder patterns of X-ray diffraction analysis show that faujasite, zeolite ZK-5 and sodalite were synthesized when using both distilled and seawater; zeolite A crystallized only using distilled water. In particular the experiments indicate that the synthesis of zeolite X and zeolite ZK-5 takes place at lower temperatures when using seawater (35 and 45 °C, respectively). The formation of sodalite is always competitive with zeolite X which shows a metastable behaviour at higher temperatures (70–90 °C).The chemical composition of the fly ash source could be responsible of the differences on the starting time of synthesized zeolite with distilled water, in any case our data show that the formation of specific zeolites takes place always at lower temperatures when using seawater.     

Synthesis of zeolite from waste fly ash for adsorption of CO2

Zeolitic sorbents for CO₂ adsorption were prepared from waste coal fly ash (FA) through hydrothermal treatment at various ratios of NaOH/FA and NaAlO₂/FA, including an initial alkali fusion step. The fusion step decomposed the fly ash into very small amorphous particulate zeolite forms. The fly ash was converted to Na-P1 type with a NaOH/FA ratio of 0.5 and Na-A type with a NaAlO₂/FA ratio of 0.53. The product properties were affected by the reaction temperature: Na-P1 and Na-A types were formed at 100°C. Temperatures above 140°C led to the formation of more sodalite because of the redissolving and recrystallization of zeolite crystals. Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal cations were impregnated in the synthesized Na-P1 and Na-A zeolite through an ion-exchange method. The completed zeolitic sorbents were applied to the adsorption of low-level CO₂. As a result of the experiments, calcium ions were found to be the best for CO₂ adsorption owing to their electrostatic behavior and acid-base interaction.     

New technology and application of brick making with coal fly ash

China has ranked first in the coal fly ash emission in the world. The multipurpose use of the fly ash from power plant waste is always an important topic for the Chinese environmental protection, which has drawn the concern of the government, scientific research departments, manufacturing enterprises and industry experts. This paper introduces an experimental research on how to recycle fly ash effectively, a kind of new technology of making bricks by which fly ash content could be amounted to 50–80 %. The article introduces raw materials of fly ash brick, production process and key control points. It introduces how to change the technical parameters of the existing brick-making mechanical device, optimize the parameters combination and improve the device performance. High-content fly ash bricks are manufactured, which selects wet fly ash from power plants, adding aggregate with reasonable ratio and additives with reasonable dosage, and do the experimental research on manufactured products for properties, production technology and selection about technology parameters of production equipment. All indexes of strength grade, freezing-thawing resisting, and other standards of the studied bricks reached the national standards for building materials industry.