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城市生活垃圾问题研究的系统动力学方法 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
蔡林 《环境污染治理技术与设备》2006,7(5):65-69
利用被称为战略与策略实验室的系统动力学方法,建立了城市生活垃圾问题的系统动力学研究模型;以北京市为实例,探讨了垃圾排放及污染随人口和经济发展的变化,以及污染和占地损失、绿色GDP核算、居民家庭、企事业单位生活垃圾与建筑垃圾组合收费方案等问题. 相似文献
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利用被称为战略与策略实验室的系统动力学方法,建立了城市生活垃圾问题的系统动力学研究模型;以北京市为实例,探讨了垃圾排放及污染随人口和经济发展的变化,以及污染和占地损失、绿色GDP核算、居民家庭、企事业单位生活垃圾与建筑垃圾组合收费方案等问题. 相似文献
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通过对垃圾站内垃圾出料现状的分析及不同出料方式的比较,确定了垃圾出料口出料系统的设计方案,提出了一种全新的出料方式,解决了垃圾站内垃圾定量出料问题. 相似文献
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滇池污染状况及其综合治理 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
滇池污染已引起各级政府和市民的广泛关注,被列为“九五”国家“三湖”、“三河”重点治理项目之一。对滇池污染及治理的研究始于80年代初期,迄今为止已取得了大量的研究成果,找到了一些比较有效的治理技术,本文将分析滇池主要污染问题,简述滇池污染的治理项目,对效果进行简要分析并对治理措施进行讨论。 相似文献
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Mälkki M 《Chemosphere》2001,44(4):637-642
The partitioning of some elements in sediments of two Baltic Sea basins (the Bothnian Sea and the Gotland Deep) was established by leaching experiments. Both partial (dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate) and "total" (HCl-KClO3) leach were used. Trace metals of both natural and anthropogenic sources (Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) were evaluated for affinity to terrestrial material and to authigenic mineral elements (Fe, S). The results indicate that the easily leachable "mobile" fraction is not necessarily a good indicator for pollution. Longer stagnation periods result in intensive pyrite formation in the Gotland Deep which mask pollution trends. The permanent oxic conditions in the Bothnian Sea may affect a dissolution capability for selected elements. 相似文献
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Zai-Wang Zhang Xiang-Rong Xu Yu-Xin Sun Shen Yu Yong-Shan Chen Jia-Xi Peng 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(20):11938-11950
China’s rapid economic growth has been accompanied by increasing environmental pollution. Mangrove ecosystems are now facing greater pollution pressures due to elevated chemical discharges from various land-based sources. Data on the levels of heavy metals and organic pollutants in mangrove compartments (sediments, plants, zoobenthos, and fish) in China over the past 20 years have been summarized to evaluate the current pollution status of the mangrove ecosystem. Overall, the Pearl River and Jiulong River estuaries were severely polluted spots. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in mangrove sediments of Guangdong, Fujian, and Hong Kong were higher than those from Guangxi and Hainan. The pollution status was closely linked to industrialization and urbanization. The highest concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were found in mangrove sediments from Hong Kong, followed by Fujian and Guangdong. Mangrove plants tend to have low-enriched ability for heavy metals and organic pollutants. Much higher levels of Pb, Cd, and Hg were observed in mollusks. 相似文献
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突发性环境污染事故应急预警系统发展探讨 总被引:33,自引:5,他引:28
在介绍突发性环境污染事故的概念、类型与特性的基础上,综述了近年来国内外对这一领域的研究进展.并结合“5S”技术提出突发性环境污染事故应急预警系统的全程模拟。 相似文献
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Qinchun Li Xiaoyan Yang Hongbin Wang Haijuan Wang Shujuan He 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(23):23422-23435
A field survey was conducted to evaluate soil metal pollution and endogenous trans-zeatin content in the leaves of plants growing at six sites in a metal-polluted area located in Gejiu, Yunnan, China. Five plant species were collected, and the physicochemical properties and concentrations of five metals in the soil were analyzed. The trans-zeatin content in plant leaves was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Based on the Nemerow pollution index, the six sites were classified into four levels of pollution (i.e., low, medium, high, and severely high). The degree of soil metal pollution was cadmium (Cd) > arsenic (As) > lead (Pb) > zinc (Zn) > copper (Cu). The leaf trans-zeatin content in Pteris vittata (an arsenic hyperaccumulator) increased significantly by 98.6 % in soil with a severely high level of pollution compared with soil at a low level of pollution. However, in non-hyperaccumulators Bidens pilosa var. radiata and Ageratina adenophora, a significant decrease in leaf trans-zeatin content of 35.6 and 87.6 %, respectively, was observed. The leaf trans-zeatin content in Artemisia argyi also decreased significantly by 73.6 % in high metal-polluted soil compared with that in medium metal-polluted soil. Furthermore, significant correlations were observed between leaf trans-zeatin content in Pteris vittata and As, Pb, and Cd concentrations in the soil; however, either no correlation or a negative one was observed in the other plant species. Therefore, a high content of trans-zeatin in the leaves of Pteris vittata may play an important role in its normal growth and tolerance to metals. 相似文献
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The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone is the most dynamic economic area in South China. One of the major problems in the region is the sustainable utilization of the water resources. On the basis of analysis of the water environment status and pollution sources, it is suggested that domestic sewage is the primary cause of pollution. Two new concepts "degradation coefficient" and "degradation volume" of water resources, due to pollution, which may be used to assess macroscopically the carrying capacity of the water resources and sustainability of the water environment, are proposed by the authors. The results calculated indicate that the volumes of degraded water resources will be up to 204, 352, and 537 million m3 in 2002, 2010, and 2020. It is suggested that water for daily consumption and domestic sewage must be controlled more effectively and there should be cross-regional coordination in tackling problems of water environment. 相似文献
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Indication of airborne pollution by birch and spruce in the vicinity of copper smelter 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Snezana M. Serbula Ana A. Radojevic Jelena V. Kalinovic Tanja S. Kalinovic 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(19):11510-11520
The aim of the study was determination of air pollution impact of the copper smelter in Bor and its surroundings (Serbia) by assessing the suitability of birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and spruce (Picea abies L.) for the purposes of biomonitoring and comparing it with previously published data from the same study area. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn in leaves/needles, branches, roots and soil were determined. Sampling was performed during 2009 in two zones with high load of air pollution due to copper mining and smelting activities, and one background zone. Metal accumulation and translocation was evaluated in terms of biological factors. In addition, plant enrichment factor was calculated. According to the results, plant foliage was not enriched through soil, which indicates absorption from the air, with both species acting as excluders of Cu, Pb, Zn and Mn. Leaves were more enriched with all the metals than needles, indicating a better response of birch to airborne pollution than spruce. Cluster analysis showed different level of pollution at the sites, while correlations between Cu and Pb obtained by Principal Component Analysis indicated their anthropogenic origin. Regarding previously published results, beside birch leaves, pine needles (which showed higher level of response to pollution compared to linden leaves) could be applied in air biomonitoring surveys near copper smelters. 相似文献
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M.T. Piccardo M. Cipolla A. Stella M. Ceppi M. Bruzzone A. Izzotti 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2014,64(11):1309-1316
This study evaluates effects of good burning practice and correct installation and management of wood heaters on indoor air pollution in an Italian rural area. The same study attests the role of education in mitigating wood smoke pollution. In August 2007 and winters of 2007 and 2008, in a little mountain village of Liguria Apennines (Italy), indoor and outdoor benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) concentrations were measured in nine wood-heated houses. During the first sampling, several mistakes in heating plant installations and management were found in all houses. Indoor BTEX concentrations increased during use of wood burning. Low toluene/benzene ratios were in agreement with wood smoke as main indoor and outdoor pollution source. Other BTEX sources were identified as the indoor use of solvents and paints and incense burning. Results obtained during 2007 were presented and discussed with homeowners. Following this preventive intervention, in the second winter sampling all indoor BTEX concentrations decreased, in spite of the colder outdoor air temperatures. Information provided to families has induced the adoption of effective good practices in stoves and fire management. These results highlight the importance of education, supported by reliable data on air pollution, as an effective method to reduce wood smoke exposures.
Implications:Information about burning practices and correct installation and management of wood heaters, supported by reliable data on indoor and outdoor pollution, may help to identify and remove indoor pollution sources. This can be an effective strategy in mitigate wood smoke pollution. 相似文献
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Chengzhen Bao Pengfei Chai Hongbo Lin Zhenyu Zhang Zhenhua Ye Mengjia Gu 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2016,66(12):1202-1213
Recently, air pollution has attracted a substantial amount of attention in China, which can be influenced by a variety of factors, but the association between air pollution and human activity is not quite clear. Based on real-time online data (January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2014) of air pollution and meteorology reported by official sites, and demographic, economic, and environmental reform data in a statistical yearbook, the influences of meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, precipitation intensity, and wind force) and human activities on PM2.5 pollution were explored. After correlation analysis, logistic regression analysis, and a nonparametric test, weak negative correlations between temperature and PM2.5 pollution were found. In most cases, festival and morning peak hours were protection and risk factors of PM2.5 pollution, respectively. In addition, government actions, such as an afforestation project and increasing financial expenditure for energy saving and environmental protection, could greatly contribute to alleviating pollution of PM2.5. The findings could help officials formulate effective laws and regulations, and then PM2.5 pollution related to the pattern of human activity would be ameliorated.
Implications: Most of the time, festival and morning peak hours are protection and risk factors for PM2.5 pollution, respectively. Increasing the percentage of afforestation area and financial expenditure for energy saving and environmental protection could significantly reduce PM2.5 pollution. The findings can help officials formulate effective laws and regulations, and then PM2.5 pollution related to the pattern of human activity, especially government action, will be ameliorated. 相似文献
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Air pollution and health studies in China--policy implications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chen B Kan H Chen R Jiang S Hong C 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2011,61(11):1292-1299
During the rapid economic development in China, ambient air pollutants in major cities, including PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < or =10 microm) and SO2 have been reduced due to various measures taken to reduce or control sources of emissions, whereas NO2 is stable or slightly increased. However, air pollution levels in China are still at the higher end of the world level. Less information is available regarding changes in national levels of other pollutants such as PM2.5 and ozone. The Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection (MOEP) set an index for "controlling/reducing total SO2 emissions" to evaluate the efficacy of air pollution control strategy in the country. Total SO2 emissions declined for the first time in 2007. Chinese epidemiologic studies evidenced adverse health effects of ambient air pollution similar to those reported from developed countries, though risk estimates on mortality/morbidity per unit increase of air pollutant are somewhat smaller than those reported in developed countries. Disease burden on health attributable to air pollution is relatively greater in China because of higher pollution levels. Improving ambient air quality has substantial and measurable public health benefits in China. It is recommended that the current Chinese air quality standards be updated/revised and the target for "controlling/reducing total SO2 emissions" be maintained and another target for "reducing total NO2 emissions" be added in view of rapid increase in motor vehicles. Continuous and persistent efforts should be taken to improve ambient air quality. 相似文献