Effects of fluoride on growth and reproduction of the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

This paper deals with effects of airborne fluorine on the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker), by rearing the larvae on the wheat foliage exposed to HF or fumigating the larvae on the artificial diet with the pollutant. Larval relative growth rate (GR) and index of population trend of the insect reduced by 5% and 11%, respectively, when the larvae were reared on the foliage taken from the wheat plants exposed to 0.87 g·dm-2·day-1 of fluorine compared with those of the control. An extra instar appeared in a majority of the larvae treated. Survival rate and GR of the larvae on the wheat plant being exposure to the same concentration of fluorine in field open-top fumigation device were 40% and 15% lower than that of the control, respectively. Similar experiment with the insect on the artificial diet also showed that direct impact of the pollutant on the army worm was greater than its indirect effect via their host plant.     

Secondary effect of SO2 pollution: enhanced growth of the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

Effects of SO₂ pollution on growth of the army worm, Mythimna separata, were investigated by rearing the larvae for 12 days on the wheat plants being exposed to SO₂ levels ranged from 50 to 200 ppb in the field open-top fumigation devices. Larval period shortened while their mean relative growth rate (MRGR) increased as SO₂ dose elevated. Similar experiment with the insect on the artificial diet excluded the possibility that SO₂ pollution directly stimulated growth of the army worm.The patterns of change in amino acid hydrolysates in the host foliage suggested that contents of methionine, and perhaps, arginine in food material exposed to unpolluted air were at such levels that they could only support sub-optimum growth of the insect, and SO₂ pollution increased concentrations of these limiting amino acids, resulting in better performance of the larvae.     

Effects of temperature on population growth and intake of food by the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

Population life tables of the army worm, Mythimna separata, were constructed and nutritional parameters of food for the larvae were examined at 5 temperatures from 16℃ to 32℃. The temperature suitable for growth and reproduction of the insect ranged from 20℃ to 28℃ with the optimum of 24℃. Their survivalship and fecundity were much poorer at 32℃ than at 16℃. Indices of population trend of the insect at these temperatures could well fitted with the parabolic curve which theoretically indicated that the population density would multiply by some 660 after one generation circle at the optimal temperature, 22.6℃, and it would decline at temperatures higher than 32.9℃ or lower than 12.3℃. Larval food intake and their AD tended to go up while their ECI and ECD to go down with a rise in temperature. These alterations in population size and feeding behavior caused by temperature would exert an important effect on their damage to crops.     

Effects of fluoride on growth and reproduction of the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

This paper deals with effects of airborne fluorine on the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker), by rearing the larvae on the wheat foliage exposed to HF or fumigating the larvae on the artificial diet with the pollutant. Larval relative growth rate (GR) and index of population trend of the insect reduced by 5% and 11%, respectively, when the larvae were reared on the foliage taken from the wheat plants exposed to 0.87 g·dm^-2·day^-1 of fluorine compared with those of the control. An extra instar appeared in a majority of the larvae treated. Survival rate and GR of the larvae on the wheat plant being exposure to the same concentration of fluorine in field open-top fumigation device were 40% and 15% lower than that of the control, respectively. Similar experiment with the insect on the artificial diet also showed that direct impact of the pollutant on the army worm was greater than its indirect effect via their host plant.     

Effects of temperature on population growth and intake of food by the army worm, Mythimna separata (Walker)

Population life tables of the army worm, Mythimna separata, were constructed and nutritional parameters of food for the larvae were examined at 5 temperatures from 16℃ to 32℃. The temperature suitable for growth and reproduction of the insect ranged from 20℃ to 28℃ with the optimum of 24℃. Their survivalship and fecundity were much poorer at 32℃ than at 16℃. Indices of population trend of the insect at these temperatures could well fitted with the parabolic curve which theoretically indicated that the population density would multiply by some 660 after one generation circle at the optimal temperature, 22.6℃, and it would decline at temperatures higher than 32.9℃ or lower than 12.3℃. Larval food intake and their AD tended to go up while their ECI and ECD to go down with a rise in temperature. These alterations in population size and feeding behavior caused by temperature would exert an important effect on their damage to crops.     

Effects of alternating temperatures on development and reproduction of the armyworm,Mythimna separata (Walker)

Effects of cycling and constant temperature on development and reproduction of the armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker) were investigated by rearing the insects on the artificial diet under temperatures covering low(16-24℃ vs. 20 ℃ ), medial(20-28℃ vs. 24℃ ) and high(24-32 ℃ vs. 28 ℃) regions. In the low region, all the immature stages of the insect developed significantly faster under alternating temperatures than at corresponding constant temperatures. For the medial region, their development was little affected by variable temperatures. For the high region, developmental durations tended to be longer under cycling temperatures except egg stage.Mean fecundities of the adult moths markedly increased under cycling temperatures as compared with those at respective constant temperature in all regions.Possible reasons for effect of alternating temperatures on insect development are discussed in some details.     

SO2污染的次生作用--促进粘虫的生长

将3龄幼虫接种在暴露于低浓度SO_2的小麦植株上自由取食12d,研究SO_2污染对粘虫生长的影响;对照组小麦用经过活性炭过滤的空气处理。结果表明,随着SO_2浓度升高,幼虫历期逐渐缩短,幼虫期的平均相对生长速率依次增大。用人工饲料进行的类似试验结果,排除了SO_2污染直接促进粘虫生长的可能性。根据对食料植物水解氨基酸含量的测定结果,可以假设在非污染条件下生长的麦叶中,蛋氨酸和精氨酸含量偏低使粘虫处于亚最适生长状态,SO_2污染增加了食料中这两种限制性氨基酸的浓度,导致幼虫转入最佳生长状态。     

SO2熏蒸小麦对粘虫生长的影响

用低浓度SO_2熏蒸过的小麦饲养幼虫,研究SO_2污染对粘虫生长的影响.SO_2浓度为50和100ppb时,幼虫的发育历期显著缩短,存活率提高10％左右,整个幼虫期的发育-存活指数和平均相对生长速度(MRGR)分别比对照组高15％和2.5％左右.用上述两个浓度的SO_2处理的幼虫食料植物对成虫的繁殖力也有一定的促进作用,但对蛹的历期和成虫的寿命没有影响.     

Effect of SO2-polluted rape plant on growth and reproduction of the turnip aphid,Lipaphis erysimi(Kaltenbach)

ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＳＯ_２－ｐｏｌｌｕｔｅｄｒａｐｅｐｌａｎｔｏｎｇｒｏｗｔｈａｎｄｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｔｕｒｎｉｐａｐｈｉｄ，Ｌｉｐａｐｈｉｓｅｒｙｓｉｍｉ（Ｋａｌｔｅｎｂａｃｈ）￥ＷｕＫｕｎｊｕｎ；ＧｏｎｇＰｅｉｙｕ；ＬｉＸｉｕｚｈｅ?..     

无机离子SO_4~(2-)对小麦幼苗积累稀土的影响

采用ＭＩＮＴＥＱＡ 程序计算出在无机离子ＳＯ２－４ 存在下，轻（Ｌａ）、中（Ｇｄ）、重（Ｙ）３ 种稀土元素在溶液中的形态分布．研究了在水培条件下ＳＯ２－４ 对３种稀土元素在小麦幼苗根、茎和叶部的积累规律．热力学实验表明，小麦幼苗在加ＳＯ２－４ 的稀土元素溶液中培养３０ｄ 后，小麦根部对Ｌａ、Ｇｄ 的积累受抑制，而对Ｙ的积累却明显提高；加入ＳＯ２－４ 后茎叶部对Ｌａ、Ｙ积累值改变不明显，但对Ｇｄ的积累有所增加．生长动态实验表明，在ＳＯ２－４ 存在下，小麦幼苗根部对稀土的积累随时间增加而增加，其积累值符合线性递增函数方程，相关系数ｒ＞ ０．９４；而茎叶部最初积累能力较强，ＳＯ２－４ 的加入对小麦植株动态吸收稀土规律无明显影响．     

一种改性柱撑蒙脱石的制备及其对废水中SO_4~(2-)吸附效率研究

蒙脱石具有较大的比表面积和阳离子交换容量,吸附性能较好。但其不能有效地吸附疏水性物质,应用中常将一些聚合羟基金属阳离子引入到蒙脱石层间制成柱撑蒙脱石以提高其孔道特性和热稳定性。为了进一步提高其吸附效率,在柱撑蒙脱石中加入了物料A,高温焙烧,对其进行了一系列的改性,并确定了改性条件,制备了一种新型的SO42-高效吸附剂,并应用于煤矿矿井废水的治理,改性后的吸附剂较柱撑蒙脱石对水中SO42-的吸附率提高了54.6%。最佳焙烧温度为800℃,焙烧时间为4 h,焙烧的最佳物料配比为1:4。     

Effect of airborne SO_2 on performance of the turnip moth,Agrotis segetum Schiff

SO2 Pollution; rape plant (Brassica chinensis); turnip moth (Agrotis segetum); growth and developmental parameters.     

二氧化硫对植物新陈代谢的影响(Ⅰ)——对气孔、膜透性与物质代谢的影响

从气孔反应?膜透性变化和酶活性变化3个方面综述了二氧化硫对植物新陈代谢的影响?分析了在SO₂作用下气孔的运动规律,气孔变化与SO₂暴露浓度?暴露时间之间的关系;总结了SO₂对植物膜透性的影响及影响机理;阐述了SO₂对过氧化物酶?超氧化物岐化酶等几种酶的影响      

主体功能区视角下的环境污染时空格局及驱动因素——基于广东省121个县域的实证分析

基于县域污染物排放和人口社会经济数据库,运用熵权法构建水气污染综合指数测度广东省水气环境污染状况,在解析2012—2016年水气环境污染时空变化与主体功能区分异特征的基础上,采用空间计量模型考察水气环境污染的驱动因素及其在不同类型主体功能区之间的差异.研究结果表明：① 2012—2016年,广东省水气污染综合指数降幅达到46.93%,处于污染指数高值区间的县域数量大幅减少,并呈现由边缘向核心收缩的空间变化特征;② 4类主体功能区的水气环境污染均有明显改善,但相对而言,城市化地区和农产品主产区仍是广东省水气污染物排放的主要承压区;③人口规模是各类主体功能区水气环境污染的共性驱动因素,此外,城市化地区、农产品主产区和重点生态功能区还分别受到工业化水平、社会固定资产投资和财政收入分权程度的影响.建议从引导城乡居民绿色生活、持续提升清洁生产技术、增加地方财政分权激励机制中的环境效益考核入手强化区域环境污染综合治理.     

Validation of an agricultural non-point source （AGNPS） pollution model for a catchment in the Jiulong River watershed, China

This study tested and evaluated the agricultural non-point source(AGNPS)model for the Wuchuan catchment, a typical agricultural area in the Jiulong River watershed, Fujian Province. China. The AGNPS model was calibrated and validated for the study area with observed data onten storms. Thedata on eight stormsin 2002 were used for calibration while data on two stormswere used for validation of the model. Considering the lack of water quality data over a long-term series, a novel method, comparing an internal nested catchment with its surrounding catchment, was used to supplement the less long-term series data. Dual calibration and validation of the AGNPS model was obtained by this comparison. The results indicate that the correlation coefficients were 0. 99 and 0. 98 for runoff, 0. 94 and 0. 95 forthe peak runoff rate of the large catchment and the small catchment, respectively, and 0. 76 forthe sediment of the small catchment only. Each pair of correlation coefficients is homogeneous for the same event for the two catchments. With the exception of the sediment yield and particulate phosphorus, the peak nmofr rate and other nutrients were well predicted. Sensitivity analysis showed that the Soil Conservation Service curve number and rainfall quantity were the most sensitive parameters, which resulted in high output variations. Erosivitv and other parameters had little influence on the hydrological and quality outputs.     

UV/H2O2 oxidation of tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate: Intermediate products, degradation pathway and toxicity evaluation

Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate(TCEP) with the initial concentration of 5 mg/L was degraded by UV/H₂O₂ oxidation process. The removal rate of TCEP in the UV/H₂O₂ system was 89.1% with the production of Cl-and PO₄^3- of 0.23 and 0.64 mg/L. The removal rate of total organic carbon of the reaction was 48.8% and the pH reached 3.3 after the reaction. The oxidative degradation process of TCEP in the UV/H₂O₂ system ...     

微塑料对小麦生长及生理生化特性的影响

土壤环境中微塑料污染及毒理学效应逐渐引起关注,但微塑料对植物的毒性及其机制研究仍十分匮乏.为探究微塑料对陆生高等植物小麦(Triticum aestivum)的毒性作用,选用100 nm和5μm聚苯乙烯微塑料(PS-MPs)进行土培处理,结合水培生长试验,研究了PS-MPs对小麦生长及叶片光合色素、可溶性蛋白含量和抗氧化酶活性等的影响.结果表明,水培试验中,高浓度(200 mg·L-1) PS-MPs显著抑制小麦根、茎的伸长,5μm PS-MPs较100 nm PS-MPs表现出更大的毒性效应,小麦根和茎的长度抑制率分别为67. 15%和56. 45%.土培条件下,10 mg·kg-1PS-MPs对小麦生长影响最为显著.在试验含量范围内(0～100 mg·kg-1),随PS-MPs含量的增加,小麦叶片光合色素和可溶性蛋白含量先升后降,提示PS-MPs对小麦叶片光合系统产生了损害,抑制其蛋白的合成;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性下降,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先降后升,表明PS-MPs对小麦毒性的可能机制涉及氧化应激.本研究结果将为土壤环境中微塑料的生态风险评价提供依据.     

污水生物脱氮与温室效应气体（CO2,N2O）控制的研究

生物脱氮是污水处理中非常重要的步骤,在此过程中,由于污水中有机物的代谢分解和脱氮作用而产生了大量的温室效应气体CO2和N2O。本文介绍了目前污水生物脱氮的机理和影响N2O产生的因素,并对氢细菌高效固定CO2和脱氮机能进行了论述。     

Flower-, wire-, and sheet-like MnO2-deposited diatomites: Highly efficient absorbents for the removal of Cr(VI)

Flower-, wire-, and sheet-like MnO₂-deposited diatomites have been prepared using a hydrothermal method with Mn(Ac)₂, KMnO₄ and/or MnSO₄ as Mn source and diatomite as support. Physical properties of the materials were characterized by means of numerous analytical techniques, and their behaviors in the adsorption of chromium(VI) were evaluated. It is shown that the MnO₂-deposited diatomite samples with different morphologies possessed high surface areas and abundant surface hydroxyl groups (especially the wire-like MnO₂/diatomite sample). Thewire-like MnO₂/diatomite sample showed the best performance in the removal of Cr(VI), giving the maximum Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of 101 mg/g.