Atmospheric deposition of major ions and trace metals near an industrial area,Jordan

Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, NH4+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, NO3- and SO4(2-), along with pH were determined in wet and dry deposition samples collected at Al-Hashimya, Jordan. Mean trace metal concentrations were similar or less than those reported for other urban regions worldwide, while concentrations of Ca2+ and SO4(2-) were the highest. The high Ca2+ concentrations were attributed to the calcareous nature of the local soil and to the influence of the Saharan dust, while the high concentrations of SO4(2-) were attributed to the influence of anthropogenic sources and Saharan dust soil. Except for SO4(2-), NO3-, and Ca2+, dry deposition fluxes of measured metals and ions were higher than their corresponding wet deposition fluxes. The high annual average pH values recorded for wet and dry deposition samples were attributed to the neutralization of acidity by alkaline species. Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, NO3- and SO4(2-) were enriched in wet and dry deposition samples relative to crustal material, and a significant anthropogenic contribution to these elements and ions is tentatively suggested. Finally, the possible sources and the main factors affecting the concentrations of the measured species are discussed.     

Water-soluble species and heavy metal contamination of the petroleum refinary area,Jordan

The levels of lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, aluminum, chromium, and iron in street dust, soil, and plants in the Jordanian petroleum refinery were determined using flame and graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Major cations (Li+, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+) and anions (F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO4(2-), and Br-) were also determined using suppression mode ion chromatography. Generally, higher levels of the heavy metals studied were found in street dust samples than in soil samples. On the other hand, except Cl-, and Li+ ions, other anions and cations showed higher concentrations in soil than in street dust samples. For plant samples, unwashed samples showed higher levels of heavy metals than their washed counterparts, indicating that dust fall is a source of heavy metal contamination.     

Characterization and diurnal variation of size-resolved inorganic water-soluble ions at a rural background site

Water-soluble inorganic ions in aerosol samples have been studied. The sample collection took place during summer in 2003 at a European background site which is operating within the framework of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Program. Gent type PM10 stacked filter unit (SFU) samplers were operated in parallel on a day and night basis to collect particles in separate coarse (2.0-10 microm) and fine (<2.0 microm) size fractions. Particulate masses were measured gravimetrically; the filters from one of the SFU samplers were analyzed by particle-induced X-ray emission spectrometry (PIXE) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Filters from the other SFU sampler were analyzed by ion chromatography (IC) for major inorganic anions (MSA-, NO2(-), NO3(-), Cl-, Br-, SO4(2-), oxalate) and cations (Na+, K+, NH4(+), Mg2+, Ca2+). The water-soluble inorganic ions measured were responsible for 44% and 16% of the total fine and coarse particulate mass, respectively. In the fine size fraction, the main ionic components were SO4(2-) and NH4(+) accounting for about 90% of fine ionic mass. In the coarse fraction the main ionic components were Ca2+ and NO3(-), followed by SO4(2-). Significant day and night difference in the mass concentrations was observed only for fine NO3(-). The molar ratios of fine NH4(+) to SO4(2-) indicated their complete neutralization to (NH4)2SO4. According to the cation-to-anion ratios the coarse particles were alkaline, while the fine particles were slightly acidic or neutral. By comparing the corresponding concentrations obtained from PIXE/INAA and IC, we determined the water-extractable part of the individual species. We also investigated the effect of long-range transported air masses on the local air concentrations, and we found that the air quality of this background monitoring station was affected by regional pollution sources.     

Atmospheric aerosol concentration level and chemical characteristics of water-soluble ionic species in wintertime in Beijing,China

Total suspended particulate (TSP) samples were collected during wintertime from November 24, 1998 to February 12, 1999 in Beijing. Ionic species including Cl-, NO3(-), SO4(2-), Na+, NH4(+), K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were determined by Ion Chromatography (IC). The sum average concentration of all the determined ions accounted for 18.9% of the TSP concentration, and SO4(2-) appeared the dominant ion with an average concentration of 30.84 microg m(-3); the sum mass concentration of SO4(2-), NO3(-), Ca2+ and NH4(+) accounted for about 83.2% of all the eight ions measured. The study indicated that the chemical form of sulfate and ammonium varies with TSP concentration levels. During heavy pollution periods, the average TSP concentration was 0.66 mg m(-3), and the NH4(+)/SO4(2-) molar ratio was low (0.58). It indicated that sulfate may present as CaSO4 and (NH4)2SO4 x CaSO4 x 2H2O. When TSP concentration (average 0.186 mg m(-3)) was relatively low, the NH4(+)/SO4(2-) molar ratio was 1.94, close to the theoretical ratio of 2 of (NH4)2SO4. Under this condition (NH4)2SO4 is expected to exist as the major form of sulfate. When the TSP concentration level was medium (average 0.35 mg m(-3)), the NH4+/SO4(2-) molar ratio appeared an average value (1.27), (NH4)2SO4, (NH4)2SO4 x CaSO4 x 2H2O and CaSO4 are expected to be present in those aerosol particles. Meteorological conditions including wind speed and wind direction were related to the TSP concentration level.     

燃煤工业城市大气细颗粒物中水溶性无机离子的季节变化特征及来源解析——以邯郸市为例

为探究典型燃煤工业城市邯郸市的大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)污染水平及水溶性无机离子特征,于2016年1—12月采集了当地大气PM2.5样品,然后利用离子色谱法测得水溶性无机离子的组分,分析了不同季节水溶性无机离子随PM2.5的浓度变化特征。通过对PM2.5中的阴离子、阳离子进行分析发现,SO4^2-、NO3^-和NH4^+在春夏秋冬四季均为PM2.5中的主要离子成分,SO4^2-、NO3^-和NH4^+的浓度之和在春夏秋冬四季占各季节总的水溶性无机离子浓度的百分比分别为84.6%、77.4%、89.9%、62.5%。其中,在春季和冬季含量最高的3种离子分别是NO3^-、SO4^2-和NH4^+,夏季含量最高的3种离子分别是SO4^2-、NH4^+和NO3^-,而秋季含量最高的3种离子分别是NH4^+、SO4^2-和NO3^-。相关性分析发现,2016年春季、夏季和秋季PM2.5为酸性,冬季为碱性。SO4^2-、NO3^-、NH4^+浓度分析表明,冬季PM2.5中的一次建筑扬尘排放较多。通过主成分分析法得出,PM2.5中水溶性无机离子主要来源于二次转化和生物质燃烧。     

Study on Size Distribution of Total Aerosol and Water-Soluble Ions During an Asian Dust Storm Event at Jeju Island, Korea

Soil dust particles transported from loess regions of the Asian continent, called Asian dust, highly influences the air quality of north-eastern Asia and the northern Pacific Ocean. In order to investigate the effects of these dust storms on the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol particles with different size, measurements of size distributions of total aerosol and major ion species were carried out on Jeju Island, Korea during April 2001. Juju Island was chosen for the study because the levels of emissions of anthropogenic air pollutants are very low. A 5-stage cascade impactor was used to sample size-fractionated aerosol particles. Samples were analyzed for major water-soluble ions using Dionex DX-120 ion chromatograph. The average mass concentration of total aerosol was found to be 24.4 and 108.3 microg m(-3) for non-Asian dust and Asian dust periods, respectively. The total aerosol size distribution, measured during the non-Asian dust period, was bimodal, whereas the coarse particles dominated the size distribution of total aerosol during the Asian dust period. It was found that SO4(2-), NH4+ and K+ were mainly distributed in fine particles, while Cl-, NO3-, Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were in coarse particles. Although SO4(2-) was mainly distributed in fine particles, during the Asian dust period, the concentrations in coarse particles were significantly increased. This indicates heterogeneous oxidation of SO2 on wet surfaces of basic soil dust particles. The NH4+ was found to exist as (NH4)2SO4 in fine particles, with a molar ratio of NH4+ to SO4(2-) of 2.37 and 1.52 for non-Asian dust and Asian dust periods, respectively. Taking into account the proximity of the sampling site to the sea, and the observed chloride depletion, coarse mode nitrate, during the non-Asian dust period, is assumed to originate from the reaction of nitric acid with sodium chloride on the surfaces of sea-salt particles although the chloride depletion was not shown to be large enough to prove this assumption. During the Asian dust period, however, chloride depletion was much smaller, indicating coarse nitrate particles were mainly produced by the reaction of nitric acid with surfaces of basic soil particles. Most chloride and sodium components were shown to originate from sea-salt particles. Asian dust aerosols, arriving at Jeju Island, contained considerable amounts of sea-salt particles as they passed over the Yellow Sea. Ca2+ was shown to be the most abundant species in Asian dust particles.     

Ammonia Monitoring in Switzerland with Passive Samplers: Patterns, Determinants and Comparison with Modelled Concentrations

Gaseous ammonia (NH3) is an important form of N deposition to ecosystems, but it is not being routinely monitored in Switzerland. Therefore, a study was conducted to estimate annual means and seasonal patterns of NH3 concentrations for different site types in Switzerland, and to compare annual measured and modelled NH3 concentrations. NH3 concentrations were measured using the 'Zürcher' passive sampler, a Palmes type sampler with an acidic solution as absorbent. Twenty-four sampling sites were run for one year, and 17 for two years. The samplers were changed fortnightly or monthly. Spatial emission patterns were mapped by combining information on (1) the location of emission sources, (2) national statistics on NH3-emitting activities and (3) activity-specific emission factors. The spatial resolution was one hectare. The mean annual NH3 concentration in the ambient air of the 41 sites was 2.5+/-0.3 microg m(-3) (mean+/-standard error). It ranged from 0.4 to 7.5 microg m(-3). The site type and the season were the most important factors explaining the variation in the seasonal mean concentration. NH3 concentrations were highest in intensively used agricultural areas and in cities, and lowest in Alpine sites remote from emission sources. At 39 out of 41 sites, the NH3 concentrations were higher in summer (3.1+/-0.3 microg m(-3)) than in winter (2.0+/-0.3 microg m(-3)). Modelled NH3 concentrations did not systematically deviate from measured concentrations (r2 = 0.69). With the combined monitoring and modelling approach, it is now possible to obtain a reasonable and consolidated picture of the overall NH3 situation in Switzerland.     

北京市大气颗粒物的浓度水平和离子物种的化学形态

用离子色谱法测定了 1 998年 1 1月至 1 999年 2月期间的 2 4个总悬浮颗粒物 (TSP)样品中 NH+ 4、NO- 3、SO2 - 4和Na+ 质量浓度。研究结果表明 ,北京市冬季大气颗粒物中离子物种的化学形态可以分为三种情况 :污染严重时 ,离子物种以 H2 SO4 、NH4 HSO4 、Na NO3为主要存在形态 ,气溶胶酸性强 ;污染轻时 ,离子物种以 (NH4 ) 2 SO4 、Na NO3为主要存在形态 ,气溶胶呈弱酸性 ;中等污染时 ,离子物种以 (NH4 ) 2 SO4 、NH4 HSO4 、Na NO3几种化学形态存在 ,气溶胶呈中等酸性     

Spatial distribution of inorganic nitrogen contents of marsh soils in a river floodplain with different flood frequencies from soil-defrozen period

Contents of inorganic nitrogen (NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N) in soil profiles were measured in five typical zones ( including permanently flooded floodplain(B), 1-year floodplain (O), 5-year floodplain (F),10-year floodplain (T), and 100-year floodplain (H) )from Huolin River floodplain in Erbaifangzi, Jilin Province of China, in the soil-defrosted period (Mayof 1999). Contour maps and profile maps were constructed to describe the spatial distributions of NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N) in order to identify the influences of flood frequencies on them. Results showed that NH4(+)-N generally increased with depth in soil profiles from the five areas, but NH4(+)-N contents in T or H areas significantly differed from those in other areas. For NO3(-)-N, with the exception that there was a significant cumulative peak (6.77 +/- 0.08 mg kg(-1)) at 15-cm depth (10-20 cm) in B area, no significant difference was observed between NO3(-)-N contents in soil profiles from the other four areas. The horizontal distributions of NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N in top soils (0-10 cm) were different in the five areas,which were greatly influenced by flood frequencies. The highest content of NH4(+)-N or NO3(-)-N did not appear in B area but in the floodplain with certain flood frequency. For example, NH4(+)-N content (16.81 mg kg-(1)) in 5-year floodplain wetland was highest, and the highest content of NO3(-)-N(1.69 mg kg(-1)) appeared in 1-year floodplain wetland. In addition, NH4(+)-N contents were significantly correlated with soil pH, and NO3(-)-N contents had significant correlation with inorganic carbon, but there were no significant correlations between inorganic nitrogen and other selected soil properties.     

Temporal and spatial variations of nutrients in the Ten Mile Creek of South Florida, USA and effects on phytoplankton biomass

Water quality throughout south Florida has been a major concern for many years. Nutrient enrichment in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) is a major surface water issue and is suggested as a possible cause of symptoms of ecological degradation. In 2005-06, water samples were collected weekly from seven sites along Ten Mile Creek (TMC), which drains into the Indian River Lagoon, to investigate and analyze spatial and temporal fluctuations of nutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The objective of this study was to understand the relationships among chlorophyll a concentration, nutrient enrichment and hydrological parameters in the surface water body.High median concentrations of total P (TP, 0.272 mg L(-1)), PO4-P (0.122 mg L(-1)), and dissolved total P (DTP, 0.179 mg L(-1)); and total N (TN, 0.988 mg L(-1)), NO3(-)-N (0.104 mg L(-1)), NH4+-N (0.103 mg L(-1)), and total Kjeldahl N (TKN, 0.829 mg L(-1)), were measured in TMC. The concentrations of TP, PO4-P, DTP, TN, NO3(-)-N, NH4+-N, and TKN were higher in summer and fall than in winter and spring. However, chlorophyll a and pheophytin concentrations during this period in TMC varied in the range of 0.000-60.7 and 0.000-17.4 microg L(-1), with their median values of 3.54 and 3.02 microg L(-1), respectively. The greatest mean chlorophyll a (10.3 microg L(-1)) and pheophytin (5.71 microg L(-1)) concentrations occurred in spring, while the lowest chlorophyll a (1.49 microg L(-1)) and pheophytin (1.97 mug L(-1)) in fall. High concentrations of PO4-P (>0.16 mg L(-1)), DTP (>0.24 mg L(-1)), NO3(-)-N (>0.15 mg L(-1)), NH4+-N (>0.12 mg L(-1)), and TKN (>0.96 mg L(-1)), occurred in the upstream of TMC, while high concentrations of chlorophyll a (>6.8 mug L(-l)) and pheophytin (>3.9 microg L(-l)) were detected in the downstream of TMC. The highest chlorophyll a (11.8 mug L(-l)) and pheophytin (6.06 microg L(-l)) concentrations, however, were associated with static and open water conditions. Hydrological parameters (total dissolved solid, electrical conductivity, salinity, pH, and water temperature) were positively correlated with chlorophyll a and pheophytin concentrations (P < 0.01) and these factors overshadowed the relationships between N and P concentrations and chlorophyll a under field conditions. Principal component analysis and the ratios of DIN/DP and TN/TP in the water suggest that N is the limiting nutrient factor for phytoplankton growth in the TMC and elevated N relative to P is beneficial to the growth of phytoplankton, which is supported by laboratory culture experiments under controlled conditions.     

Chemical trends in background air quality and the ionic composition of precipitation for the period 1980-2004 from samples collected at Valentia Observatory, Co. Kerry, Ireland

A major Irish study, based upon more than 8000 samples collected over the measurement period of 22 years, for sulfur dioxide (SO2-S), sulfate (SO4-S) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2-N) concentrations (microg m(-3)) within air, and the ionic composition of precipitation samples based on sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO4-S), non-sea salt sulfate (nssSO4-S), ammonium (NH4-N), and nitrate (NO3-N) weighted mean concentrations (mg l(-1)), has been completed. For the air samples, the sulfur dioxide and sulfate concentrations decreased over the sampling period (1980-2004) by 75% and 45%, respectively, whereas no significant trend was observed for nitrogen dioxide. The highest concentrations for sulfur dioxide, sulfate and nitrogen dioxide were associated with wind originating from the easterly and northeasterly directions i.e. those influenced by Irish and European sources. The lowest concentrations were associated with the westerly directions i.e. for air masses originating in the North Atlantic region. This was further verified with the use of backward (back) trajectory analysis, which allowed tracing the movement of air parcels using the European Centre for Medium range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) ERA-40 re-analysis data. High non-sea salt sulfate levels were being associated with air masses originating from Europe (easterlies) with lower levels from the Atlantic (westerlies). With the precipitation data, analysis of the non-sea salt sulfate concentrations showed a decrease by 47% since the measurements commenced.     

Atmospheric NO2 and NH3 deposition into a typical agro-ecosystem in Southeast China

The dry deposition of atmospheric nitrogen (including NO(2) and NH(3)) into a typical agro-ecosystem in Southeast China during 2006-2007 was estimated. Results indicated that the dry deposition velocities of NO(2) and NH(3) ranged from 0.04-0.24 cm s(-1) and 0.09-0.47 cm s(-1), respectively. The higher values appeared in the non-crop growing period. Concentrations of atmospheric NO(2) and NH(3) ranged from 24.64-104.10 μgN m(-3) and 14.40-389.6 μgN m(-3), respectively. Variation of the NH(3) mixing ratio showed a clear double-peak. NO(2) and NH(3) deposition fluxes were 74.68-80.75 kgN ha(-1), which was equivalent to 162.4 and 175.5 kg ha(-1) of urea applied in 2006-2007. The N deposition fluxes were 13.91-40.38 and 5.33-22.73 kgN ha(-1) in peanut and rice growing periods, accounting for 8.18%-40.38% and 2.13%-23.06% of N fertilizer usages, respectively. NO(2) and NH(3) deposition were significant for the red soil farmland.     

桂林市细颗粒物部分典型排放源的粒径谱及成分分析

采用在线单颗粒气溶胶质谱技术源解析方法,对桂林市PM2.5典型排放源的粒径和化学成分进行质谱分析,采集燃煤/燃气源、工业工艺源、扬尘源、油烟源4类共计7个典型排放源。结果表明,桂林市4类排放源细颗粒物的粒径分布为0.25~1.25μm,80%以上的细颗粒分布在0.2~1.0μm的小粒径范围,峰值约0.68μm。细颗粒物离子成分含有Na~+、Mg~+、K~+、NH~+4、Fe~+、Pb~+、Cd~+、V~+、Mn~+、Li~+、Al~+、Ca~+、Cu~+、Zn~+、Cr~+、CN~-、PO_3~-、NO_2~-、NO_3~-、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)、SiO_3~-等成分,桂林市细颗粒物为元素碳、有机碳元素碳、有机碳、富锰颗粒、富铁颗粒、富钾颗粒、矿物质、左旋葡聚糖以及其他金属等9类。     

Laboratory study of the emission of NO and N2O from some Belgian soils

The NO, NO₂ and N₂O emission was measured, upon application of nitrate, ammonium and both, to four Belgian soils with different characteristics. The addition of NH ₄ ⁺ caused higher NO and N₂O emissions than the addition of no nitrogen, or the addition of NO ₃ ^– . In contrast to the two soils with a pH of approximately 8 the two soils with a pH around 6 showed a considerable delay in production of both NO and N₂O upon the application of the ammonium, probably due to the lag-period of nitrification. The soils with a pH of 8 gave higher emissions on the application of NH ₄ ⁺ than the soils with a pH of 6. The emission of NO₂ was found to be considerably lower than the NO emission from the soils. The NO/NO₂ ratio varied between 5–25 at considerable NO emissions (>50 nmol kg^–1). In the controls of soil 1 and soil 2, which showed very low NO emissions ratios of <1 were observed. The N₂O/NO ratios varied between 5–20 when NO emissions were considerable (>50 nmol kg^–1). Soil 3 and 4 gave lower N₂O/NO ratios than soil 1 and 2. In the controls of soil 1 and soil 2, at low NO emissions, N₂O/NO ratios of >300 were observed. Soil 3 and 4 gave higher NO/NO₂ and lower N₂O/NO ratios than soil 1 and 2.     

西安城北地区秋季PM_(2.5)中的矿尘颗粒污染特征

采用单颗粒气溶胶飞行时间质谱仪(Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer,SPAMS)对西安市大气矿尘颗粒物进行连续12 d在线分析,共采集到107 425个同时含有正负质谱信息的矿尘颗粒,矿尘颗粒物占PM_(2.5)样本数的8.44%。结果表明,矿尘颗粒物的正离子碎片成分以Na~+、K~+、Al~+、Ca~+、CaO~+、Fe~+为主,同时还含有Pb~+等,负离子碎片成分以NO~-_2和NO~-_3为主,另外还含有HSO~-_4、SiO~-_3、HSiO~-_3、H(NO_3)~-_2等。在西安市大气细颗粒物中,矿尘颗粒物中贡献较大的几类(如含钙、含铁、铁氧颗粒物等)大多是老化的成分。将观测阶段采集到的矿尘颗粒纳入本地污染源谱进行来源分析,其主要来源为扬尘源、工业源、燃煤源和汽车尾气源等。     

新疆大气氮沉降监测研究进展浅析

通过对新疆12个监测点氮沉降研究结果发现,无机活性氮浓度(p NH 4+、p NO 3-、NH 3、NO 2)在不同生态系统存在较大的时空差异,氮沉降通量变化随人为干扰程度呈递增趋势。总结了当前新疆大气氮沉降监测研究进展,包括主要监测方法、不同生态系统大气氮素干沉降的时空差异性分析、大气氮素干湿沉降通量估算。对大气氮素干湿沉降通量的整体估算、不同生态系统的监测常态化等还存在不足,未来评估氮沉降的综合气候效应、定量临界负荷以及生态系统对氮沉降通量急剧增加的响应是今后研究的重点方向。     

An analysis of spatial and temporal properties of daily sulfate, nitrate and chloride concentrations at UK urban and rural sites

Daily measurements of sulfate, nitrate and chloride in PM(10) have been made at three geographically separated UK sites over a three year period. Chloride shows a clear seasonal pattern with highest concentrations in winter, whilst sulfate and nitrate both show highest concentrations in the spring, apparently related to weather patterns. Spatial variability of both sulfate and nitrate is low in comparison to temporal variations, with high correlations of both species between all three sites, London (North Kensington), Harwell and Belfast, despite a geographic separation of 510 km. Both SO/SO(2) and NO/NO(x) ratios are considerably higher in summer than winter, reflecting a greater oxidising capacity of the atmosphere. SO(4)(2-)/NO(3)(-) ratios are higher in summer than winter, suggesting that aqueous phase oxidation of SO(2), expected to be most important in the winter months is not appreciably influencing production of sulfate aerosol, although greater dissociation of ammonium nitrate in summer may also play a role. Regression of concentrations at London, North Kensington with those from the proximate rural site of Harwell is interpreted as showing a similar effect of regional transport at the two sites and a small influence of local formation in the urban atmosphere or primary emissions, averaging 0.46 microg m(-3) of nitrate and 0.22 microg m(-3) of sulfate.     

High temporal resolution monitoring of inorganic nitrogen load in drainage waters

Nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+) and pH were monitored with a novel flow cell equipped with ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) in a drainage pipe during one year. The high temporal resolution of the measurements (six measurements per hour) allowed the detection of diurnal oscillations in pH, NO3- and NH4+ concentrations, the relation of variations in concentrations to discharge rates changing during rain events, understanding of the processes resulting in such variations and tracing of unpredictable manure spills. Annual loads estimated from random samples collected every second day tended to underestimate the "true" loads calculated from quasi-continuous electrode measurements by 550% for NH4+ and 22% for NO3-.     

Composition, seasonal variation, and sources of PM10 from world heritage site Taj Mahal, Agra

Air samples for PM(10) (dp?相似文献   

Tidally driven N, P, Fe and Mn exchanges in salt marsh sediments of Tagus estuary (SW Europe)

Short-sediment cores and flooding water were collected at 0, 5, 15, 25 and 50?min of tidal inundation in the two sites colonised by pure stands of Spartina maritima (low marsh) and Sarcocornia fruticosa (high marsh) from the Rosário salt marsh (Tagus estuary, SW Europe). Concentrations of NH (4) (+) , NO (3) (-) +?NO (2) (-) and HPO (4) (2-) , Fe and Mn were measured in tidal flooding water and pore water. Flooding water is enriched in nutrients, particularly ammonium due to local discharge of untreated urban effluents. Nevertheless, NH (4) (+) and NO (3) (-) +?NO (2) (-) concentrations in flooding waters at t?=?5?min (NH (4) (+) =?246?±?7?μM, NO (3) (-) +?NO (2) (-) =?138?±?1?μM for S. fruticosa and NH (4) (+) =?256?±?8?μM, NO (3) (-) +?NO (2) (-) =?138?±?1?μM for S. maritima) rose sharply at both vegetated sites. An increase was also registered for HPO (4) (2-) and total dissolved Fe although the subsequent decrease was smoother. Advective transport induced by the two daily pulses of inundation is several orders of magnitude higher than the diffusive fluxes during submerged periods. In addition, solutes are exported from the sediment with the inundation and imported in submerged periods. The exported amount of inorganic nitrogen during tidal inundation (export of 3,200?μmol?N?m(-2)?day(-1)to the water column), is not counterbalanced by the sink of -290?μmol?N?m(-2)?day(-1) occurred during the submerged period.