内分泌干扰素壬基酚对人THP-1巨噬细胞极化的影响

壬基酚(4-nonylphenol, NP)是一类典型的环境雌激素,能干扰机体正常免疫系统,对人类健康产生威胁.巨噬细胞是一类重要的免疫细胞,在调控组织稳态、炎症反应等方面发挥着重要作用,然而目前有关壬基酚对巨噬细胞极化和功能的影响尚不明确.本研究以人THP-1巨噬细胞为模型,采用不同浓度壬基酚(0、10、100 ng·mL^-1)处理THP-1巨噬细胞,考察壬基酚对THP-1巨噬细胞增殖、迁移能力以及极化的影响.结果发现壬基酚处理对THP-1巨噬细胞的增殖无明显影响,但能增加THP-1巨噬细胞的迁移能力.壬基酚处理能显著促进M2型巨噬细胞标志物CD163和CD206的表达,上调细胞因子IL-10、Arg1、TGF-b的表达,下调细胞因子IL-12、iNOS的表达.Western Blot结果显示壬基酚处理能促进雌激素受体(Estrogen Receptor, ER)信号下游ERK1/2的磷酸化,ER拮抗剂ICI182780则能够逆转壬基酚对ERK1/2磷酸化的促进作用,并下调M2型巨噬细胞标志物CD163、CD206,以及细胞因子IL-10、TGF-b、Arg1的表达.以上研究表明,壬基酚通过激活雌激素受体信号促进人THP-1巨噬细胞向M2型极化,从而干扰机体免疫系统的功能.     

Creation and fate of ozone layers aloft in Southern California

Data obtained during the 1987 Southern California Air Quality Study (SCAQS) were used to examine the creation and fate of ozone layers aloft. The ultimate objective was to estimate the potential impact of the layers on surface ozone concentrations. The smog episode of 13–15 July 1987 formed the basis for a case study. Several ozone layers aloft were created over the northern part of the Los Angeles Basin (e.g. over El Monte) during the day on 13 July. These layers were attributed to the action of slope flows (including convergence), convective elements transported into the inversion layer and undercutting by the seabreeze flow. A peak value of 34 pphm was observed aloft in one of the layers. The principal layers aloft were still present intact over the northern part of the Basin on the morning of 14 July. Their movement eastward (from areas in the vicinity of El Monte and Upland) was estimated by trajectory and isentropic analysis. The results indicated that a likely impact area of the ozone layer aloft near Upland during the day of the 14th was near San Bernardino. The ozone layer above El Monte on the morning of 14 July appears to have been incorporated into the mixed layer near or to the southeast of Riverside. A maximum ozone impact of 3–4 pphm was estimated although a portion of this impact was probably due to an overnight reservoir of surface-based precursors of ozone.     

固液界面纳米气层研究进展

纳米气层是一种存在于固液界面上的准二维纳米结构的气态聚集体,科学家历经10多年的研究,其至今仍存在许多未解之谜。基于现有的研究成果,对纳米气层研究的主要问题及重要进展进行梳理与概述,主要介绍了纳米气层的基本性质,论述了纳米气层与纳米气泡的结构关系以及共存系统的动态平衡过程,归纳了该领域最新前沿研究所关注的重要科学谜题与主要挑战,如纳米气层的气相真实性、稳定性、结构有序性及气层的高效制备等问题,并提出了一些解决思路。在展现纳米气层过往研究历程的同时,也展望了未来纳米气层技术在一些重要界面反应中的可能应用。

     

混凝微界面过程研究与进展:AOM/颗粒物-IPF-水溶液相互作用的重要性

颗粒物微界面的物理化学过程在混凝工艺中起着十分重要的决定作用.有关界面过程化学的研究构成了混凝技术研究与发展的重要内容和理论基础.本文仅以颗粒物/AOM-IPF-水溶液的相互作用为例,从水体颗粒物的稳定性、高效纳米絮凝剂的研究、微界面形态与过程以及混凝作用机理等诸方面,对该领域的研究与进展加以系统介绍.     

利用偏振-米散射激光雷达研究广州一次浮尘天气过程

利用偏振-米散射激光雷达、颗粒物监测仪数据,结合风廓线等气象资料分析讨论了2012年3月25日广州浮尘天气气溶胶污染事件,通过气团后向轨迹分析了沙尘气溶胶的来源及路径.结果表明本次污染过程与我国西北地区大部沙尘暴产生的浮尘远距离输送有关;浮尘期间相对湿度迅速下降,测点PM10中PM2.5所占的比例在28%~31%之间,与广州地区以细粒子污染为特征不同,本次气溶胶污染事件主要是由粗粒子引起;影响近地面的沙尘层主要分布高度在1000~2000m区域;沙尘过境期间探测到气溶胶最大退偏比为0.34.     

诱导结晶反应中介稳区的研究

CaCl₂-Na₂CO₃溶液体系中c(Ca2+)和c(CO₃2-)处于介稳区中,是该体系诱导结晶反应能够进行的前提条件.临界值点是介稳区的边界点,应用电导率法测定CaCl₂-Na₂CO₃溶液体系的临界值点,对影响临界值的温度,pH,反应时间和搅拌强度等因素进行了研究,绘制了不同条件下CaCl₂-Na₂CO₃溶液体系的介稳区.结果表明,降低温度,增加溶液的pH,搅拌强度适中能够降低出现临界值时的电导率,增加介稳区的面积.考虑到试验的可操作性和成本等因素,确定CaCl₂-Na₂CO₃溶液体系诱导结晶反应的最佳条件:温度为25 ℃,pH为9.0,反应时间为10 min,搅拌强度为200 r/min.在最佳反应条件下,c(Ca2+)和c(CO₃2-)满足3.496×10-10［Ca2+］-1.182 6<［ CO₃2-］<4.96×10-9［Ca2+］>/sup>-1时,诱导结晶反应能够在介稳区中进行.      

大功率井中激发极化法在铜陵某铜矿勘探中的应用

以安徽铜陵某铜矿ZK1003钻孔井中激发极化测井、激发极化地-井方式及井-地充电法勘探为例,介绍了大功率井中激发极化在铜矿勘探中的应用,且后继钻孔资料验证了推断结果的准确性及可靠性。实际应用表明大功率激发极化测井应用于铜多金属勘探具有受控条件少、应用范围广、性价比高等特点,可在金属矿勘探中予以推广。     

Nondestructive pigment analysis in paint layers using ion-beam methods on air

This study was supported by the Bundesministerium für Förschung und Technologie (BMFT), core program Einsatz neuer Technologien in den Geisteswissenschaften.     

Parallel computations of turbulent diffusion in convective boundary layers on shared-memory machines

Currently, time-splitting finite difference or finite element schemes are commonly used in air-pollution modeling. In light of the recent advances in parallel processing, it is crucial to evaluate the performance of these time-splitting schemes on different multiprocessors. In this paper, we use a K-theory diffusion model and a second-order closure model to simulate turbulent diffusion in convective boundary layers. The objective is to assess the “portability” of time-splitting finite element schemes for shared-memory multiprocessors, such as IBM 3090-600J, the Alliant FX/8, the Sequent Symmetry S81 and the Encore Multimax. It was found that significant speed-ups were obtained as a result of parallelization with small programming efforts. Furthermore, our two- and three-dimensional results also suggest that second-order closure models are now computationally affordable and feasible for realistic air pollution modeling.     

洗发香波诱发蝌蚪红细胞微核的研究

研究了１２种洗发香波对中华大蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核的诱变效应。蝌蚪对各试验液中染毒７ｄ，采心脏血制片。结果表明，８种洗发香波能诱发蝌蚪红细胞微核率显著升高，其致变效应与洗发香波浓度及染毒时间有关。